American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS)
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Evaluation of Medication Adherence and its Predictors Among Psychiatric Outpatients at a Mental Healthcare Hospital in Lahore, Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study
Get PDFThe study aimed to assess the level of medication adherence among psychiatric outpatients and to determine the main predictors associated with medication non-adherence. A cross sectional study was conducted among 298 psychiatric outpatients at Punjab Institute of Mental Health (PIMH), Lahore, Pakistan. A designed questionnaire was used as data collection tool and adherence was evaluated using MARS (Medication Adherence Rating Scale). Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. Logistic regression was applied to determine the predictors of non-adherence. Medication adherence rate varied from low (39.3%) to high (60.7%) adherence. The impact of demographic factors such as age, gender, diagnosis, employment status and comorbidity on medication adherence were insignificant.
Results of chi-square found that marital status, duration of illness from last visit, patient factors, medication factors, disease factors were significantly associated with adherence (p<0.05). Multivariate binary logistic regression indicated that qualification, marital status, number of tablets per day, duration of illness from last visit, patient factors, disease factors were the main predictors of medication non-adherence. 
Microbiological Assessment of Drinking Water Quality in Omdurman City
Get PDFA study was conducted to evaluate the drinking water of Omdurman city, by looking into the microbiological aspect. Ten samples were taken randomly from different parts of Omdurman city during three seasons (winter, summer and autumn) for two successive years. Results indicated that most of the samples were contaminated by bacteria, including Coliform, Escherichia coli and Fecal streptococcus. The contamination percentage was higher in the rainy season and summer, while in winter was the least
Corn Seedlings Have Tolerance to Water Deficit
Get PDFThe present work aimed to evaluate the germination and seedling growth of two corn cultivars under water deficit conditions induced with manitol solutions, associated with doses of humic substances. The experiment was carried out at the Seed Laboratory of the Federal University of Tocantins - UFT, in Gurupi, Tocantins. Seeds of two cultivars were used: M274 and UFT Cerrado; and the product based on humic substances: Humix. For each cultivar, the factorial experiment (5×3) was mounted in a completely randomized design, and the treatments were composed of five osmotic potentials, with three doses of Humix. Germination percentage, primary root and epicotyl length, seedling dry mass and absolute growth rate were evaluated. The results were submitted to the F test by analysis of variance with probability of 5%, and when the effect of the doses was significant, the data were submitted to regression analysis. It is concluded that the biostimulant Humix had no expressive effect on germination and that the reduction of osmotic potential does not affect germination itself, but affects seedling growth, as osmotic potential becomes more negative
Determination of Mechanical Properties of Compressible Soil in Littoral\u27s Region of Cameroon: Depths Study of Soils Bordering the Wouri River in Douala.
Get PDFThis work deals to the determination of the expansion ratio ( ) and compression index ( ) of soil samples taken at several points around the Wouri coast river of Cameroon. These parameters are the most important soil parameters, necessary to be known before each building project. The undisturbed soils samples are taken at nine different points labeled as P1, P2... P9 at the depths varying from 5m to 9.5 m and distanced around 10 to 15 meters. These studies are motivated by the fact that in this region, mechanical properties of soil have huge effects on buildings. By plotting the void ratio as a function of the logarithm of the pressure, these mechanical parameters are found and compared to that obtained from the inner land of Cameroon, Yaoundé town chosen as an example. As a result, this comparison has allowed us to classify the soil and give some practical advantages when carrying out civil engineering works such as buildings, bridges in coastal area
Pregnancy Outcomes in HIV-Infected Women: Our Experience at a Tertiary Health-Care Center, Ahmedabad, Western India
Get PDFBackground:
HIV prevalence has been increasing among pregnant women in many regions within the country. Illiteracy, early marriage, violence and sexual abuse against women are the major socioeconomic reasons for their vulnerability to HIV infection. Estimating the HIV seroprevalence in a low risk population such as pregnant women provide essential information for monitoring trend of HIV in general population and assist in prevention from mother to child transmission.
Methods:
This study is a retrospective computer based data analysis, conducted at Sheth V.S. General and Sheth C.M. Hospital, Smt. N.H.L Municipal Medical College, Ahmedabad, a tertiary health care center in Gujarat, India between January 2012 to December 2019. This study includes 68330 pregnant women who attended antenatal clinic or directly admitted in labor room in emergency. Blood sample collected after pretest counselling and informed consent, tested for HIV antibodies as per NACO guidelines. HIV sero-positive mothers and babies were managed at ART center of our institute according to latest guidelines of the same.
Results:
Out of 68330 pregnant women, 166 found to be HIV-positive with seroprevalence rate of 0.24%. Majority of seropositive women (49.4%) were in the age group of 25-30 Years. Out of 150 live births, 3 babies were found to be HIV sero-positive result at 18 months and were managed with ART according to latest NACO guidelines.
Conclusions:
Mother to child transmission of HIV infection during pregnancy, delivery or breast feeding is responsible for more than 90% of pediatrics AIDS. Proper antenatal screening, interventions and preventive strategies during pregnancy, delivery and breastfeeding will bring down the mother to child transmission of HIV. A multidisplinary team approach to management involving an HIV physician, experienced obstetrician, and neonatologist are essential to optimize maternal and fetal outcome
Evaluation of Development in the Children of Seasonal Agricultural Workers
Get PDFChildren of seasonal agricultural workers, are a group of migrants in Turkey where agricultural production is intense, having a significant part of the year in unhealthy habitats in agricultural areas and having access to services [1,2]. In this group, many temporary or permanent health problems may arise due to the conditions of accommodation and malnutrition [3]. Our aim is to assess the growth and development of children of seasonal agricultural workers. The study is a cross-sectional field study in the agricultural regions of Eski?ehir city and districts starting from 1 July 2017. In our study, children of 119 seasonal agricultural workers under the age of 18 were included. In the study, 11 different agricultural regions were visited and the height, weight, body mass index and head circumference of the children were measured and the percentile values were calculated. In the study group ; children of seasonal agricultural workers were 53 (44.5%) male and 66 (55.5%) female. Their ages ranged from 0 to 16 years with a mean of 7.37 ± 3.58 years. 29.4% of the children of seasonal agricultural workers had both height and weight measurements of 5P or less. Growth and development retardation is one of the important diseases among the children of seasonal agricultural workers
The Role of Diet and Hygiene in the Management of Digestive Haemorrhages on Peptic Ulcer Disease
Get PDFIntroduction: Digestive hemorrhage on peptic ulcer is one of the major digestive emergencies. Therapeutic progress in recent years has been based on the removal of risk factors. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of diet and hygiene on digestive haemorrhage in peptic ulcer disease. Patients and method: Our study was prospective, monocentric, reported on digestive haemorrhages on peptic ulcer over a period of 3 months. The variables studied included: age, gender, toxic and drug habits, diet, and change in a 1-month follow-up. The Epiinfo statistical test analyzed the data. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Fifty-two cases were retained at the end of the study. The odds ratio between irregular meal schedules and GI bleeding was OR = 18.90 [4.39 - 81.20]. Dietary habits included: chocolate (15.38%), acidic meals (61.54%), spices (30.77%). Three (5.7%) patients had relapsed. Conclusion: The diet recommended in our study was a diet rich in soluble fiber with proscription of toxic habits. The rate of recurrence after one month of regression was low, however our study was limited by its low statistical power. 
Eco-Friendly Preparation, Characterization and Application of Nano Tech Pigmented Inkjet Inks and Comparison of Particle Size Effect and Printing Processes
Get PDFBy acknowledging the importance of Nano tech inkjet inks, the “top down” method of nanotechnology was followed for manufacturing the Nano tech inkjet inks of pigment Yellow 14 powder 100 % dried and pigment Blue 15.1 (100 % dried powder) and then characterized for their particle size, zeta potential, purity, viscosity, surface tension, foam, pH, engineering stability, shear thinning, by using different spectroscopic, microscopic and particle size analyzing techniques. Both of the inks were applied on 100 % singed, desized, scoured, bleached and pretreated cotton weight 134.4g/m2 through Monna Lisa Evo TRE printer EPSON (Model No EVO TRE 16). The printed samples were dried and cured 150 °C for 5 minutes. The samples were evaluated for their color fastness to light, rubbing, washing, laundering, and K/S value, by using relevant AATCC and ISO’s methods. Same powders were emulsified and applied on same cotton through traditional rotary screen printing method, dried, cured at 150 °C for 5 minutes and evaluated for their fastness properties for comparative study. It was concluded that by promoting the use of green chemistry and nanotechnology, the resulted benefits include better print, increased light fastness and color gamut, reduced chemical, energy and water consumption along with environmental friendly effectiveness
Impact of Naira Exchange Rate on Prices of Selected Construction Materials in Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria
Get PDFThis paper presents the result of the impact of naira exchange rate on prices of selected construction materials in Ekpoma of Edo state, Nigeria, by examining the trend in naira exchange rate values and selected construction material prices over a five (5) year duration and the impact of naira exchange rate on the price of selected construction materials. The study extracted information on monthly naira exchange rate values from the monetary authority’s database of the central bank of Nigeria and adopted a survey approach to gather information on the prices of selected construction material. Data obtained were analyzed using percentages, Pearson Correlation Coefficient and regression analysis. Findings revealed that there was a strong positive correlation between the naira exchange rate and construction material prices. The study recommends that the monetary authority should research and implement a naira exchange rate stabilization/reduction policy
Dosimetric Comparison Between High Dose Rate Brachytherapy Boost and Volumetric Arc Therapy Boost in Locally Advanced Cancer cervix
Get PDFConcurrent chemoradiotherapy is considered the standard treatment for the locally advanced cancer cervix (LACC).Radiotherapy is usually administered by a three-dimensional conformal external beam(3DCRT EBRT) approach to whole pelvis to a minimum dose of 45Gy, followed by a brachytherapy ( BT)boost to give additional dose to the gross tumor within the cervix and parametria. High dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy is commonly administered with intracavitory applicator. HDR BT allows delivery of a high radiation dose to the tumor site with rapid fall off so protect normal tissue. Besides, less target motion compared to EBRT. However, several drawbacks exist including invasive technique, pain, requiring spinal or general anesthesia and operative risks such as uterine perforation, infection, and bleeding. Due to the above risks, we tried to assess the possibility of using high technique EBRT to replace the BT boost in patients who are either medically unfit for or refuse a brachytherapy boost. we tried to achieve a similar dose distribution with comparable or improved normal tissue sparing to that seen in previously treated HDR BT plans at our institution. Dosimetric comparison between high technique of external beam radiotherapy volumetric arc therapy (VMAT) and high technique Computer topography (CT) guided HDR BT.Ten patients were selected with LACC, representing typical clinical situations according to initial tumor extension and response after EBRT. A boost was given by intracavitary CT guided HDR BT. High risk clinical target volume (HR CTV), bladder, rectum, sigmoid and small bowel were delineated.
Planning was done using Sagi planning system and was manually optimized with respect to organ dose limits. A VMAT planning was created using the variance planning system and a margin of 5mm were added to the CTV to create the target planning target volume (PTV).The inversely planned VMAT was challenged to deliver the highest possible doses to PTVs while respecting D2cc limits from BT, assuming the same fractionation (7 Gy in 3 fractions). When VMAT was limited to D2cc from BT, the D90 for the PTV in VMAT boost was lower than received by the HR CTV in the BT boost (6.3Gy vs. 6.9Gy, p value 0.037). Mean volume of the PTV in VMAT was higher than that of HR CTV in the BT (89 cm3vs 41.7cm3).The dose to the organ at risks (OARs) was comparable.D2cc was higher in VMAT for bladder, sigmoid and rectum (5.6Gy, 0.51, 5.5Gy vs. 4.3Gy, 0.33, 3.9Gy) while D2cc for the small bowel in BT was higher compared to the VMAT (4.1Gy vs. 1.94Gy ).The VMAT had comparable target coverage and potential for improved sparing of most normal tissues compared to brachytherapy boost. It is an option that exists for patients who refuse BT or can’t tolerate it or in case of non availability of BT or non working machine. However, this is a dosimetric comparison that needs larger number of patients and further application to study the drawbacks that might exist for the VMAT use