American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS)
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Framework of Win-Win Regional Cooperation for Water and Energy Security in the Ganges Basin
Get PDFHaving water storage potential of about 88 billion cubic metre (bcm), Nepal, contributes more than 40% of the total flow and over 70% of the flow of the Ganges with the main feeders being- Mahakali, Karnali, Gandak and Koshi water basins. Regarding trans-boundary water resources management, cooperation between the riparian countries is a must. Nepal, being at the north, is the major controller of the headworks of the Ganges and bilateral agreements have been made by India separately with Nepal and Bangladesh through signing and ratification of different treaties. Hence, Nepal, India and Bangladesh are the main riparian countries among which cooperation is needed with regard to Ganges Basin. The trans-boundary water management principles and relevant articles of International Conventions/Agreements are the basic ground/footing for any bilateral/tripartite treaties. Till date, six bilateral agreements (treaties and three Memoranda of Understandings) have been signed between the riparian countries. Among these, Sharada Barage Treaty (1920), Koshi Treaty (1954 later amended on 1966), Gandak Treaty (1959 later amended on 1964), Mahakali Treaty (Tanakpur and Pancheswor, 1996) were signed between Nepal and India whereas Farakka Treaty (1977) for sharing of Ganges water at Farakka augmenting its flow and Farakka Treaty (1996) for sharing of Ganges water was signed between India and Bangladesh. The social, economic and environmental necessities of the riparian countries could be easily met vide the coordinated and collaborative development of Ganges Basin depending on the total volume of water that it has. Benefits to the river, benefits from the river, reduction of costs because of the river and benefits beyond the river are among those which could be beneficially achieved from the Ganges Basin. The sustainable management and development of the Ganges Basin’s Resources is a must which has been presented in the paper within the boundary of 10 questions. Regarding Ganges Basin development, all three riparian countries have their own perspective.
Bangladesh feels Ganges as the reliable source to bridge the gap of severe water shortage that has been her major excruciation in the past. India’s diplomacy is in developing inter-basin transfer of water from Bhramaputra (having untapped abundant water) to the Ganges Basin through a link canal to minimize flood hazards. Nepal’s first and foremost prospicience from the Ganges is harnessing the huge hydropower potential for fulfilling her domestic/industrial demands and selling the surplus energy to India and Bangladesh. Nepal have been struggling for her continued efforts for the lawful rights and benefits but yet unadmitted from the Ganges Basin is the fulfillment of her water demands, being at the upstream, with construction of large dam projects and share water resources from the snowcapped Himalayas for the collective benefit of all the people residing within the region. Another difficulty that Nepal is facing is the landlocked obligation for which she should have freely exercised the navigation rights but is deprived of. Barcelona Convention of 1921 and the United Nations Convention on Law of Seas (UNCLOS) clearly advert the navigation rights of landlocked country, according to which shall have right of access to and from the sea for the freedom of transit through the territory of transit state without any custom duties, taxes or other charges except those in connection with traffic. Hence, for the integrated balanced development of the Ganges Basin, trilateral dialogues/treaties involving Nepal, India and Bangladesh is a must which would inevitably cater for “win-win” situation to all the concerned stakeholders
Gastronomy and Industrialized Food in the Aymara Communities of the Pilcuyo District, El Collao Province - Ilave -Puno-Peru
Get PDFThe research addresses a topic of social interest that is gastronomy and industrialized foods in the Aymara context, which with its varied forms and styles, differs from other gastronomies. The aim of the research is to present the wisdom of preparing meals and consumption of the population they produce and extent of industrialized foods. For this, the qualitative method and the technique of ethnography have been used. As a result of exploration it is noticed that in the Andes the cuisine of each day is varied (breakfast, lunch and dinner), the preparation of meals of the peasant families are based on what is done by raising agrobiodiversity, on what nature offers such as: plants, wild animals and minerals. On the other hand, industrialized food that is easily obtained in the local market. The consumption is closely related to weather stations of the agricultural year, which are: "jallupacha or ch’uxñapacha " (rainy season) and " awtipacha " (dry season)
The Role of Cognitive and Affective in Reflecting Subjective Well-Being
Get PDFThis research aims to describe the subjective well-being of nurses, to analyze the construct validity and reliability of the subjective well-being scale, and to determine the components that form the construct of the subjective well-being scale. The subjective well-being scale is measured by using two components, namely cognitive and affective components. The subjects of this research were 62 nurses who work at a hospital in Palu. The data were collected using the subjective well-being scale. The data were then analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) SmartPLS 3.2.8 program with a reflective construct through the CFA 2nd Order. Based on the analysis results of the construct validity and reliability, the components and indicators that form the nurses\u27 subjective well-being are considered valid and reliable. It shows that all the components and indicators are able to reflect and form subjective well-being. Therefore, the measurement model can be accepted because the theory that describes subjective well-being has been in accordance with the empirical data obtained
Knowledge and Practice towards Active Management of Third Stage of Labour, among Obstetric Care Providers Adama Town Governmental Health Facilities, Oromia, Ethiopia From September 12 to November 08 2019
Get PDFIntroduction: The third stage of labour is period between birth of the baby and complete expulsion of the placenta and membrane, which is risky period because of profuse Post-partum hemorrhages. It is prophylactic intervention composed of a package of three components or steps: It includes use of uterotonic immediately following delivery of the fetus, controlled cord traction and fundal massage immediately after delivery of the placenta, followed by palpation of the uterus every 15 minutes for 2 hours to assess the continued need for massage. Unfortunately, the knowledge and practice of obstetric providers toward active management of third stage of labour is disappointing when assessed as our country. The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyze knowledge and practice of active management of the third stage of labor among skilled birth attendants, Adama, Oromia, Ethiopia September 12 to November 08,2019. Method: Facility based cross sectional study was conducted to health facilities in Adama town, among randomly selected 117 obstetric providers, from September 12 to November 08, 2017. By using pretested semi structured questionnaires for knowledge assessment and observation checklists for practice. The collected data were analyzed by using SPSS version 20 statistical software. Descriptive statistics was used for describing study participant and determining results. Binary logistic regression analysis was done and variable with p-value ?0.025 were entered into multi variable logistic regression analysis to characterize the association between the variables at P-value ? 0.05, at CI=95% for statistical significance.
Result: 117 health care workers who works in Adama town health facility were included in the study with response rate of 100 % (n=117), Out of which, 66.7% (n=78) were females and 61.5 %( n=72) were from health center. The mean age was 32.38 with SD ±5.55 years. 37.6% and 28.3% obstetric providers had knowledge and good practice on components of AMTSL respectively. Age less than 30 was 2.76 times more [AOR=2.76(1.05-7.27)], being female was 3.83 times less [AOR=3.83(1.39-10.57)] and Working at heath center 5.76times less [AOR= 5.76(2.12-15.67)] associated with knowledge. In addition to that obstetric providers working at health center was 3.63 times less [AOR=3.63(1.57-8.41] associated to practice. Conclusion and recommendation: In this study, knowledge and practice of obstetric care providers towards active management of third stage of labor is still very low. Since there is knowledge and practice difference between hospital and health centers it is recommended to plan for experience sharing and on job training especially for health centers staff. 
Making Servant Leadership Work in South Korea
Get PDFRobert Greenleaf mentioned Asian inspiration in his conception of servant leadership. However, he appears to have developed a model that is best suited for application in the west, since Mittal and Dorfman showed in 2012 that servant leadership might not work well in Asia. Despite the Asian inspiration giving shape to Greenleaf\u27s servant leadership theory, essential eastern elements may have been omitted in the formation of his model, making it less palatable to Asian cultures. This paper hopes to demonstrate that cultural influences on the leadership paradigm in Asia cannot be ignored if servant leadership is to be embraced there.
“Whoever relies on the Tao in governing men doesn’t try to force issues or defeat enemies by force of arms. For every force there is a counterforce. Violence, even well intentioned, always rebounds upon oneself. The Master does his job and then stops. He understands that the universe is forever out of control, and that trying to dominate events goes against the current of the Tao. Because he believes in himself, he doesn’t try to convince others. Because he is content with himself, he doesn’t need others’ approval. Because he accepts himself, the whole world accepts him [1]
Ecological Study of Vanellus indicus in District Narowal, Pakistan
Get PDFRed wattled lapwing is commonly found and endemic species of Asian agricultural lands. Its preferred habitat is airy lands, rural and even urban areas. The main aims of current investigatory effort were the observation of different parameters of breeding ecology of Vanellus indicus including breeding sites, incubation period, the clutch size, survival rate of chicks and possible reasons of their mortality which are localized in Narowal district. Red wattled lapwings forage on several types of insects, snails, seeds, and of invertebrates. Experimental observations highlight that the annual breeding season is of average 26-30 days of V. Indicus begins from the March and till the end of August. Moreover, the weight of their eggs falls between 22.0 to 28.0g. These findings about local species may serve for next experimental designs based of on V. indicus and further focus should be on those factors which may improve its breeding. Similarly, the estimation of feeding preferences of this species can directly help in low cost biological control management for crops
Hourly Economic Dispatch of Generation Sources Considering the Minimization of Active losses and Generation Costs
Get PDFThe increase of renewable sources in the electricity sector, especially wind and solar photovoltaic, has drawn attention to the need to develop new models for planning and operating the electrical system. In this sense, this paper presents a model for the hourly economic dispatch of electric energy produced by wind, hydraulic, solar, and thermal sources. For the proposed mathematical modeling, the AMPL software was used, and for solution, the Interior Point Method was used, with the Knitro solver. The simulations were carried out in an IEEE 30-bus test system, considering two objective functions, namely: (1) hourly minimization of active power losses and (2) hourly minimization of generation costs. The simulations were carried out for 24 hours a day and for each hour the amount of energy generated, energy losses and generation costs were determined. Constraints related to the power balance, bus voltage levels, transformer tap limits, power factor limits and generation limitations were considered. Regarding the generation data of the wind and solar plants, large plants connected to the Brazilian electrical system were considered. The model presented proved to be efficient in solving the problem presented
Characterization of Oreochromis niloticus Strains of Lake Kariba Culture Fisheries using Morphological and Meristic Methods
Get PDFOreochromis niloticus fish collected from Yalelo Fishery, Fwanyanga Fishery and Choombwe Fishery of Lake Kariba were investigated by multivariate analysis of 23 morphometric measurements and 7 meristic counts. Dendrograms were used to delineate the sampled specimens using PC-ORDTM Software and the differences among strains were tested using One-way ANOVA in Statistix 9 Software (P = 0.05). Meristic analysis did not show a high divergence among the strains while morphometric analysis showed that the sampled fish could be characterized into three different strains. These results showed that the tested fish samples could be grouped into 3 types based on morphometric characters. The morphometric differences among the sampled O. niloticus strains may have appeared due to genetic differences among the collected specimens
The Influence of Age, Sex, and Strand on the Knowledge on HIV/AIDS among Senior High School Students: An Assessment
Get PDFReported cases of HIV/AIDS have been rampant and is uncontrollably increasing. Thus, the government has been focusing on the treatment and is losing sight on the importance of prevention. The researchers aimed to identify the knowledge of Senior High School students with an objective of determining further interventions that could be of help to the society and to the government, such as health education, health seminars, etc. In relation with the current findings from the Department of Health, this age group is also one of the age groups that are at risk of acquiring HIV. A Descriptive Comparative research design was utilized in the study. 300 Senior High School students, age 18-21 years old from STEM, ABM and HUMSS were purposively chosen as respondents and a 45-item questionnaire was utilized as a tool. Percentage analysis, ANOVA and T-test were used as statistical treatment. The result of the study revealed that there were 150 female and 150 male students. Furthermore, 100 participants were gathered from each of the aforementioned strands. Meanwhile, 267 students were 18 years old, 28 were 19 years old, 3 were 20 years old and 2 students were 21 years old. The results revealed that there is a significant difference when grouped according to sex (p-value=.048). It showed that male students (mean=22.56) were knowledgeable while female students were not knowledgeable (mean=21.08). Likewise, there is a significant difference when grouped according to strand (p-value=.000). It showed that students who were enrolled in the STEM (mean=23.11) and HUMSS strand (mean=22.62) were knowledgeable while ABM strand (mean=19.81) were not knowledgeable. However, there is no significant difference when grouped according to age (p-value=.847). It showed that 19 (mean=22.7) and 21 years old (mean=23) were knowledgeable while 18 (mean=21.7) and 20 years old (mean=21) were not knowledgeable. Overall, results showed that male students were more knowledgeable than female students, and the higher the age, the more knowledgeable. It also shows that STEM strand are more knowledgeable than HUMSS and ABM strand
Assessment of Surface Water Quality by Using Water Quality Index of Sanbarish Pond of Morang District, Nepal
Get PDFA study of surface water of Sanbarish pond has been carried out to examine the quality for drinking and other domestic purpose as well as to evaluate the water pollution status of wetland on the basis of the presence of different physicochemical and microbiological parameters. For calculating the WQI, the following 11 parameters have been considered: Temperature (ambient and water), pH, turbidity, TDS (Total Dissolved Solid), Cl- (chloride), EC (Electric Conductivity), DO (Dissolved Oxygen), TH (Total Hardness), PO4–P (Phosphate – phosphorus), NO3-N (Nitrate – nitrogen), COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand). The WQI for these samples has been found to be mainly from the higher values of turbidity, DO and PH of the wetland water. The result of WQI has indicated the calculated value (?SIi = 95.59) showed the good quality for drinking as per the classification given and needs some proper treatment before consumption, and it also needs to be protected from the risk of contamination. The mean value of fecal coli form recorded was 1166.67 MPN/l00 ml which was crossed the WHO guide line