American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS)
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Analysis of the Relationship between University Total Quality Management Requirements and the Deming Cycle for Continuous Improvement, An Exploratory Study of Faculty Members\u27 Opinions at Zakho University
Full text link Through the current study, we address two highly significant topics that many organizations in general, and higher education institutions in particular, strive to adopt for their role in achieving desired success and distinction. These topics are the requirements of Total Quality Management for higher education institutions and the Deming cycle for continuous improvement. The study involves investigation and analysis through surveying the opinions of faculty members in various colleges at Zakho University, using a questionnaire prepared for this purpose. The aim is to ascertain the presumed relationship between these two variables. Through description, diagnosis, and analysis of correlation and influence relationships, the study arrived at results that formed the basis for important conclusions. These conclusions served as a genuine starting point for providing a number of necessary recommendations for the researched university and all its colleges, as well as for similar universities and colleges
Outsourcing Logistics Functions to Third-party Specialized Companies: Advantages and Risks
Full text linkThe article examines the outsourcing of logistics functions to third-party specialized organizations, focusing on its advantages and associated risks. Modern companies face the need to optimize logistics processes, making outsourcing a crucial tool for supply chain management. However, delegating these tasks to external entities not only reduces costs and provides access to advanced technologies but also introduces risks such as loss of control and potential data breaches. There is no unified stance in academic literature regarding the extent of outsourcing’s impact on business performance. Some researchers confirm its positive effects on financial indicators and operational flexibility, while others highlight potential challenges and the rise of hidden costs. This study aims to systematize the advantages and risks of logistics outsourcing and identify key factors that determine its successful implementation, forming the basis for strategic recommendations. The author\u27s contribution lies in a comprehensive analysis of the topic, considering strategic, economic, and technological aspects. The findings can be applied in both academic research and practical management decision-making. The presented material is valuable for researchers in logistics and risk management, professionals involved in supply chain organization, and business leaders considering the outsourcing of logistics functions
Review on Glaciological Studies Around the World
Full text linkGlaciology, the study of glaciers and ice sheets, has become increasingly critical in the face of accelerating climate change. This review presents a comprehensive overview of global glaciological studies, focusing on key regions such as Antarctica, Greenland, the Himalayas, the Andes, the Alps, and North America. It highlights the diverse methods used, ranging from satellite remote sensing to ice-core analysis, and emphasizes their role in tracking glacier retreat, mass loss, and contributions to sea level rise. Findings from various studies consistently show that glaciers across the globe are receding, with significant implications for water resources, ecosystems, and human societies. The review also addresses the importance of international collaborations and monitoring networks that help standardize data and promote global research efforts. Despite advancements, challenges such as data gaps, regional disparities, and resource limitations persist. The study concludes that enhanced glaciological research, integrated with technological innovation and climate policy, is vital for building resilience to the impacts of cryospheric change
Designing Interoperable Microservices for Public-Private Collaboration in U.S. Biomedical Research
Full text linkPublic-private collaboration in biomedical research necessitates secure, scalable, and interoperable software systems that facilitate data exchange and coordinated workflows. This paper proposes a microservice-based architecture leveraging Node.js/.NET Core APIs, AWS API Gateway, and Kafka for event-driven communication to enhance interoperability across biomedical research platforms. It incorporates role-based access control RBAC to ensure secure data governance and enforces site-level data standardization for harmonized integration across research institutions. A layered approach to microservice orchestration enables seamless data and workflow coordination between government agencies, academic centers, and private sector partners. We present architectural patterns, implementation strategies, and deployment models that support collaborative research while meeting regulatory and operational constraints. A case study illustrates the practical application of this architecture in a multisite genomics research initiative
Testing Methods for Machine Learning Systems: From Data Validation to Model Evaluation
Full text linkAs machine-learning systems penetrate domains with tangible human and economic consequences, conventional specification-driven software testing proves inadequate for artefacts whose behaviour is stochastic and tightly coupled to data distributions. Quality, therefore, requires a multi-axis conception: not merely point estimates of predictive accuracy but an integrated appraisal that spans nominal performance, resilience to input degradation, and measures of group-level parity. This study employs a mixed-methodology approach, combining a structured literature review with empirical case analysis. The empirically taken dataset used is UCI Adult. It has a baseline for logistic regression implemented (Python 3.10; scikit-learn 1.3) under five scenarios: Baseline, Typos — 5% random character replacement noise in categorical fields, Noise — numerical feature perturbed by Gaussian distribution where ? = 0.5, Drift — 10% of test examples replaced with instances from another demographic subgroup, Bias-Mitigation — post-processing with Calibrated Equalized Odds (AIF360 0.5.0). Predictive quality is measured based on Accuracy and ROC-AUC; fairness on two simple metrics: Demographic Parity Gap DPG and Equalized Odds Gap EOG. All five scenarios are run five times to average out possible sampling variation in results. The model gets an accuracy of 0.835 and ROC-AUC of 0.918 under clean conditions with a fairness deficit that is demonstrably measurable by group inequity when aggregate discrimination-agnostic performance is high? DPG = 0.029, EOG = 0.040. Typographical noise does not change accuracy; it stays at 0.835 with the same small but consistent gap remaining (EOG = 0.039), thereby showing one ‘surface-metric’ failure mode where unaccounted ethical risk goes into the metrics reported, say as Accuracy. Applicative noise and distributional shift reduce predictive competence (Accuracy = 0.781 and 0.801; ROC-AUC = 0.869 and 0.876) while drift magnifies between-group error imbalances such that vulnerability is asymmetric on protected groups (EOG rising to 0.065). Calibrated Applying Equalized Odds removes the measured Equalized Odds gap (EOG back to zero) with only a minimal reduction in maximal accuracy, decreasing from the baseline by just one basis point to now be one less than the maximum possible. However, it also leads to increased demographic parity gaps and rising DPG, which continues to grow further. In conclusions; they call for the embedding of multidimensional automated testing regimes that jointly gate correctness, robustness, and fairness within the MLOps pipelines (CI/CD/CT). Calibrated Equalized Odds is good as a way of neutralizing imbalances in error rates -but by reallocation of selection rates and with a modest reduction of nominal accuracies- meaning that fairness targets and tolerances have to be chosen explicitly regarding legal constraints and operational priorities as well as stakeholder values
Features of Integration of UAV Photogrammetry and GNSS in Digital Mapping of Construction Sites
Full text link In this study a comprehensive analysis of the methodological foundations for the integration of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) equipped with photogrammetric systems and global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) for digital mapping and monitoring of construction sites was conducted. The objective of the work is to develop a systematization of integration approaches, including traditional methods based on ground control points (GCP) and modern direct georeferencing technologies such as real?time kinematics (RTK) and post?processed kinematics (PPK). Based on a review of current scientific literature and processing of empirical data, a comparative evaluation of the considered methodologies was performed according to criteria such as accuracy characteristics, operational efficiency and economic feasibility. It was determined that the implementation of RTK/PPK ensures a reduction in field work time and a decrease in labor costs compared with the classical GCP scheme while achieving comparable or higher georeferencing accuracy. As a result of the study a classification of integration methodologies and an algorithm for selecting the optimal technology, taking into account the specifics of construction monitoring tasks, terrain features and the presence of factors negatively affecting GNSS signal reception, have been proposed. It is emphasized that the choice of the preferred approach must be based on a comprehensive assessment of required accuracy, budgetary constraints and operating conditions on site. The materials of this work will be of value to surveying engineers, construction project managers and researchers engaged in the automation and digitalization of processes in the construction industry
Capacity Distribution in Production Line Design: What Questions Have not been Asked?
Full text linkThere has been significant work published about positive results of production systems with unbalanced capacity against the typical balanced lines. While complementary research suggests sophisticated ways to increase the flow of materials on the production lines by balanced or unbalanced capacity, many practitioners use trial-and-error approaches to solving optimization problems. Although a lot of progress has been made during the last decades, there’s still a gap in organizing scientific production about capacity planning among different areas of knowledge, such as finance, supply chain and production. The purpose of this work is to analyze the different approaches that have been used on capacity planning of production lines and tie a set of important questions to be solved in future research to better apply technological tools maximizing the efficiency of production lines projects. Using a review of literature and listing the problems still unaddressed, this work grouped a major framework of questions to orient future research
Reshaping the Workforce: The Impact of AI, Automation, and Robotics on Labor Markets
Full text linkThe triad of artificial intelligence (AI), automation and robotics is considered both a threat and a strategic cutting- edge tool across all societies. However, this paper explores how artificial intelligence, automation, and robotics are reshaping labor markets by examining whether they primarily displace workers or transform job roles and skills. The paper is guided by three research questions, and a qualitative approach is adopted. Grounded in Automation Theory, Human Capital Theory, and an adaptation of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, the research argues that labor market outcomes are shaped not by technology itself, but by organizational strategies and policy choices. The study further highlights the critical importance of ethical AI integration, workforce reskilling, and human-centered innovation. It offers a framework for scholars, managers, and policymakers to navigate the evolving future of work by centering human development alongside technological advancement. In conclusion, that the triad of AI, automation and robotics is significantly reshaping labour markets is incontestable. It is therefore recommended that organizations and institutions continue to adopt and adapt AI to add value to work processes
Approaches to Managing Large Development Teams in High-load Projects
Full text linkThis article explores approaches to managing large teams under high-load conditions using Agile methodologies. Based on a systematic analysis of publicly available literature, the historical background and evolution of agile methodologies were examined, and key challenges related to organizational, communication, and technical aspects of scaling Agile in large distributed structures were identified. Special attention is given to practical strategies such as forming a unified high-level backlog, fostering a culture of collaboration, supporting training and certification, reducing iteration length, utilizing modern digital tools, and prioritizing testing. The findings demonstrate that the comprehensive application of these strategies contributes to reducing development time, improving product quality, and optimizing resource management under high-load conditions. The insights presented in this article will be valuable to technical directors, engineering department managers, program and product team leaders, as well as other researchers in organizational design and DevOps practices interested in developing and implementing effective approaches to managing large distributed teams within high-load and scalable digital ecosystems
Assessment of Timelines in the Management and Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Status of Head and Neck Cancer Patients
Full text linkBackground: In Nigeria, many of the patients with Head and Neck cancers (HNCs) usually present late, with advanced disease, thereby reducing the chances of cure and survival. The commonest sites of HNCs among Nigerians are nasopharynx, sinonasal, larynx, oropharynx and oral cavity, with a total prevalence of 3-5%. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) have been known to be associated with malignant tumours arising from these sites, but with little documentation in literature in Nigeria.
Objectives/Aim: This study is to assess the socio-demographic factors responsible for delay in hospital presentation, diagnosis and treatment and also to determine the presence of HPV which is a risk factor in head and neck cancer, among patients that presented in the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), South West Nigeria, during the study period.
Patients/Method: This is a prospective study conducted to determine the timelines, socio-demographic factors responsible for delays in presentation, diagnosis, treatment and HPV status, among patients presenting with Head and Neck cancers in the Ears, Nose and Throat (ENT) and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS) clinics in the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), South West Nigeria during the study period.
Consecutive patients with HNC who presented to ENT and OMFS clinics were selected until the required sample size was met. Informed consent was taken from the patient. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect data on history, physical examination, investigation and treatment. History entailed details about the presenting complaints, duration, site of malignancy, socio-demographic, socioeconomic, time taken for symptom recognition, fear associated with treatment, hospital related delays and health related behaviour data were documented. The tumour type was confirmed by histopathological diagnosis and Immunohistochemistry was used to detect HPV viral particles in pathological specimen of patients. The tumour was staged according to TNM classification of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC), Head & Neck cancer sites was coded and classified according to ICD-10 (International statistical classification of diagnosis).
Results: Ninety-eight patients were recruited for this study while ninety-one (91) completed the study. The median timeline for presentation to a health facility on account of HNC symptoms was 34 weeks, timeline from hospital presentation to review by an ENT/OMF specialist was 5 weeks, from specialist review to diagnosis was 5 weeks and treatment was 6 weeks. The distribution of the Primary sites of Head and Neck Cancers includes Larynx (29.7%), Nasopharynx (28.6%), Oral cavity (16.5%), Nose and Paranasal sinuses (13.2%), Oropharynx (7.8%), Parotid (2.2%). The other sites were from the External Auditory Canal and the Mastoid. Only 14.3% of the HNCs were positive for HPV.
Conclusion: There was delay in presentation and management of patients with HNCs, the economic factor being the major cause. HPV-associated HNCs is higher in this study, compared to other studies in the sub-Saharan Africa