American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS)
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A Case Study of Cavity Formation and its Rectification Works in Small Sized Tunnels with Excessive Water Inflow
Get PDFTunneling in Himalayan geological conditions can always present difficulties in underground excavations due to presence of active tectonic divisions, fault, thrust, complex geomorphology and ground water inflow. These factors can be pre-determined through various methods of geological investigations such as detailed Geological Survey, bore hole logging, ERT survey, Seismic survey, etc. and can be constructive in tunnel alignments design. As such investigations are rarely done in case of hydropower projects in Nepal, encounter of weak geological conditions and subsequent cavity formation is common. The particular case of penstock tunnel of MMKJA (14.3 MW) includes similar weak geological conditions, presence of clay bands, open joints and cavity zone formation due to high water ingress. This paper establishes a particular model and methodology for advancement in small sized cavity related tunnels with high water ingress. The model consists of Rib erections, forepolling, Shotcrete / Shotcrete backfill and channelization of water inflow. The model purposed in this paper can be helpful for advancement in similar conditions encountered elsewhere
Impact of Plasmodial Parasitaemia on the Quality of Erythrocyte Concentrates Distributed at the Blood Transfusion Center of the Regional Hospital of Bafoussam-Cameroon
Get PDFBackground: Blood transfusion is a potential route for transmission of Plasmodium, which lives mainly in erythrocytes and can survive low temperatures. Therefore, this study was undertaken in order to determine the plasmodial parasitaemia in labile blood products for the evaluation of the quality of erythrocyte concentrates (EC) distributed at the Blood Transfusion Center of the Bafoussam Regional Hospital.
Material and methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study carried out between March 15 and May 31, 2021 on 101 EC. The data collection was done on one hand by using a questionnaire and the technical sheet for the evaluation of the quality of the EC compared to the Cameroonian reference and on the other hand, by the analysis of the blood taken from the donors. This analysis was made through the examinations of RDT malaria, Thick blood smear, Thin blood smear, measurement of the hemoglobin level thanks to the HemoCue and hemogram using the Urit 3000 automaton. Data analysis was done using Epi info and SPSS software.
Results: The prevalence of malaria among donors of the Bafoussam Regional Hospital Blood Bank was 4.41%. By considering the three parameters simultaneously, a compliance rate of 34.65% was obtained. A positive, although non-significant, correlation was established between plasmodial parasitaemia and EC quality.
Conclusion: The importance of quality control of ECs is essential, sofar as the parasitaemia of plasmodial is not negligible with one bag of erythrocyte concentrate out of three non-compliant
Possibilities of Creating a Energy System Based on Renewable Energies in Karpathos Island, Greece
Get PDFMitigation of climate change is an important and urgent issue in our world. Many islands have autonomous energy systems generating electricity from fossil fuels. Many of them have abundant indigenous benign energy resources while their ecosystems are fragile. Aim of the current work is to investigate the possibility of creating a hybrid energy system based on local renewable energy resources in Karpathos island, Greece. Karpathos island has similar characteristics with El Hierro island, Spain which has already successfully installed a hybrid energy system generating around 60% of its annual electricity consumption from wind energy while it has received an EU prize for this achievement. The current study proposes that a similar hybrid energy system with smaller size can be constructed in Karpathos island increasing its energy sustainability. The size of the wind farm in Karpathos island was evaluated at 9.2 MW, of the pumping station at 4.8 MW, of the hydro-electric turbine, at 9 MW and of the two water reservoirs at 304,000 M3 and 120,000 M3. A floating solar-PV system with nominal power at 2.15 MWp installed on the surface of the upper water dam could generate 3,226 MWhel covering approximately 8.6% of the annual electricity demand in Karpathos island. The results indicate that local renewable energy resources could cover the most of the energy needs in non-interconnected Greek islands, like Karpathos, increasing their energy sustainability and assisting them to de-carbonize their economies complying with the Greek and EU targets for 2050
Data Mapping for XBRL: A Systematic Literature Review
Get PDFIt is evident the growth of the use of eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) technology in the context of financial reports on the Internet, either for its advantages and benefits or by government impositions, however, the data to be transported by this language are mostly stored in structures defined as database, some relational other NoSQL. The need to integrate XBRL technology with other data storage technologies has been growing continuously, and research is needed to seek a solution for mapping data between these environments. The possible difficulties in integrating XBRL with other technologies, relational database or NoSQL, CSV files, JSON, need to be mapped and overcome. Generating XBRL documents from the database can be costly, since there is no native alternative that the database manager system exports from the database manager system, the data in XBRL. For this, specific third-party systems are needed to generate XBRL documents. Generally, these systems are proprietary and have a high cost. Integrate these different technologies adds complexity, since these documents do not connect to the database manager system. These difficulties cause performance and storage problems and in cases of large data, such as data delivery to government agencies, complexity increases. Thus, it is essential to study techniques and methods that allow us to infer a solution to perform this integration and/or mapping, preferably in a generic way, that includes the XBRL data structure and the main data models currently used, i.e. Relational DBMS, NoSQL, JSON or CSV files. It is expected, in this work, through a systematic literature review, to identify the state of the art concerning the mapping of XBRL data
Chatbot Quality Assurance Using RPA
Get PDFChatbots are becoming mainstream consumer engagement tools, and well-developed chatbots are already transforming user experience and personalization. Chatbot Quality Assurance (QA) is an essential part of the development and deployment process, regardless of whether it’s conducted by one entity (business) or two (developers and business), to ensure ideal results. Robotic Process Automation (RPA) can be explored as a potential facilitator to improve, augment, streamline, or optimize chatbot QA. RPA is ideally suited for tasks that can be clearly defined (rule-based) and are repeating in nature. This limits its ability to become an all-encompassing technology for chatbot QA testing, but it can still be useful in replacing part of the manual QA testing of chatbots. Chatbot QA is a complex domain in its own right and has its own challenges, including the lack of streamlined/standardized testing protocols and quality measures, though traits like intent recognition, responsiveness, conversational flow, etc., are usually tested, especially at the end-user testing phase. RPA can be useful in certain areas of chatbot QA, including its ability to increase the sample size for training and testing datasets, generating input variations, splitting testing/conversation data sets, testing for typo resiliency, etc. The general rule is that the easier a testing process is to clearly define and set rules for, the better it\u27s a candidate for RPA-based testing. This naturally increases the lean towards technical testing and makes it moderately unfeasible as an end-user testing alternative. It has the potential to optimize chatbot QA in conjunction with AI and ML testing tools
Isolation and Sunscreen Activity Test of Cinnamon Oil from Flores Island, Indonesia
Get PDFEssential oils have various functions in both the perfume and pharmaceutical industries. Researchers in the world until now continue to conduct research to find new sources of essential oils. In line with essential oil research, research on the discovery of new organic sunscreens is still being carried out to antisipated increasing cases of skin cancer. In this study, the isolation and sunscreen activity test of essential oils from the Cinamommun burmannii was carried out. The research was conducted in four stages i.e ; (1) Sample preparation of Cinamommun burmannii, (2) isolation of essential oil using steam distillation method, (3) characterization of chemical compounds in oil using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method and sunscreen activity test was carried out by ultraviolet spectroscopy method. The results of the isolation of cinnamon oil from Flores island showed that the oil produced was obtained as a clear yellow, with oil content in cinnamon bark is 5.44%. The results of the characterization using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer showed that the cinnamon oil contain five main components, i.e cinnamaldehyde, 3-phenyl acetate, methyl salicylate and linalool with successive abundances; 80.85%, 6.32%, 2.41% and 1.92%. Sunscreen activity test showed that cinnamon oil from Flores islands had ultra protection (SPF= 25.0) at a concentration of 10%. Cinnamon oil from Flores Island can be used as an igredient in sunscreen lotion
Challenges and Opportunities for a Fiscal Blockchain
Get PDFThe development of Blockchain applications is still at an early stage, considering that, after 13 years of the Bitcoin introduction, cryptocurrencies remain the single example of a well-established Blockchain system. On the other hand, the digitalization of taxes and its underlying processes is gaining speed worldwide, with not only developed countries adopting it. This trend can be the foundation of a Blockchain integration to the tax system, so that this domain could take advantage of desired inherent features offered by the technology, such as transparency, security, immutability and real-time information. Consequently, tax authorities would achieve higher revenue levels and improve compliance tracking, reducing tax evasion and fraud. At the same time, taxpayers would benefit from reduced tax compliance costs and better experiences through more efficient processes. Therefore, this work aims at investigating the state of the art within the field of Blockchain application on taxation, in order to drive new researches that could close current gaps and to support the development of new applications
Field Effect Mobility of the Annealed Thin Film Modified with Nanomaterial Interlayer in Organic Solar Cell
Get PDFThis work analyzed the effects of thermal annealing on the charge-carrying properties of P3HT: PCBM molecular-based organic solar cell devices (OSC). The anode of OSC device modified with a 4-[4-(4-propan-2-yloxy-N-(4-propan-2-yloxyphenyl)anilino)phenyl] benzoic acid (PANPBA) (purchased from Aladdin) by creating a self-assembled hole transport interface for understanding the effects of thermal annealing on trap density. Charge injections mechanism and field effect mobility in OSC devices have been studied through analysis of trap-free space charge limited transport (TSCLC) processes
Eucalyptus (Corymbia Citriodora) Essential Oil and Biofertilizer Present Fungistatic Effect on Fusarium guttiforme
Get PDFEucalyptus (Corymbia Citriodora) Essential Oil and Biofertilizer Present Fungistatic Effect on Fusarium guttiform
Fluid Dynamics Analysis and Fire Evacuation through Computer Simulation: A Case Study
Get PDFAccidents caused by fires are harmful to both property and human life, causing most of the events to result in disasters. As an aid method for fire and panic protection and combat projects, fluid dynamics and building abandonment simulation software can be used, which can suggest re-dimensioning of accesses and active and passive protection systems, to mitigate structural damage and improve protection for users. In this context, the present research aimed to simulate the propagation of smoke and the abandonment of the Occupational Safety and Hygiene Laboratory (LSHT), using the PyroSim software, related to fluid dynamics analysis, and Pathfinder, related to evacuation dynamics. To this end, the research followed the following steps: literature review; 3D modeling of the LSHT, as well as the insertion of the materials present in the building, firing configurations, and then fire simulation through PyroSim; finally, the simulation of the evacuation of the occupants through the Pathfinder highest rate of thermal heat transfer through radiation. Regarding the results of computer program; and data analysis. The results show that during the 600s simulation, the smoke spread through all environments of the LSHT, reaching a temperature of 240.04ºC at the end of the simulation, with the evacuation simulator, it was verified that the individuals vacated the environments in only 36.5s. Regarding the results of the evacuation simulator, it was found that the individuals vacated the environments only 36.5s. Within the abandonment time, they have not reached levels that could compromise the survival of the occupants