American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS)
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Charcoal Consumption by Households in Bunia City, Ituri Province, DRC
Get PDFAn environmental study using surveys was done on 599 households in three communes of Bunia city in order to assess charcoal consumption. At least, 90% of the households use charcoal primarily for cooking. The average household consumes 75,85 kg (0,075 T)/month, estimated at 2,52 kg (0,002 T)/day and 910,23 kg (0,91 T)/year. Cynometra alexandri species (Butina in the local language) produced in Komanda land (from Irumu forest and Mambasa) is the most used. Therefore the need to invest in the promotion of renewable energy such as hydroelectricity to reduce the consumption of charcoal in Bunia and thus combat deforestation
Net-Zero Carbon Emissions Residential Buildings In The Island of Crete, Greece. Are They Feasible?
Get PDFThe necessity to mitigate climate change requires the sharp reduction of carbon emissions in all sectors of human activities. Buildings have a share at around 40% in total energy consumption and emit more than the one third of the global carbon emissions. The feasibility of realizing net-zero emissions residential buildings in Crete, Greece has been investigated focusing on the energy renovation of a grid-connected old residential building with low energy efficiency. The possibility of replacing the conventional energy sources and fuels with locally available renewable energies for heat, cooling and electricity generation has been examined. Various scenarios regarding the energy renovation and the increase of the energy efficiency have been studied. The possibilities of offsetting its embodied energy and generating on-site the required solar electricity for re-charging the batteries of the electric cars of the residents have been also examined. Our results indicate that the use of solar energy, solid biomass and low enthalpy environmental heat, instead of fossil fuels, can eliminate all the life-cycle carbon emissions of the residential building generating additionally the electricity required in the electric cars of the building’s occupants. After the energy renovation the grid-connected old residential building will become a net-zero emissions, positive energy and probably zero energy cost building. The installation cost of the required renewable energy systems in the energy renovation is not prohibitive. Our results indicate that old residential buildings in Crete can be de-carbonized using the abundant local renewable energy sources while their energy renovation is economically affordable.  
Life Cycle of High Mass Star
Get PDF In the present work, I shall explain the gravity and life cycle of a high mass Stars. Mathematical equations are important factors to describe the role of a gravity as a dark fabric distortion. The space of Universe is not empty at whole, but it is completed by a dark fabric matter and energy that distorted under the stress of a high mass Stars from their Birth to a Death. Dark fabric is warping strongly under the effect of Neutron Stars and black holes. Blue Supergiant stars are high mass Stars where their masses are very high may burn their fuel very quickly to produce new heavy atoms, and release tremendous amount of energy, and plasma. All main sequence stars in such high mass may die and expand to become a red supergiant when their fuel of fusion exhausted at the final stages of a star’s lifetime. Supergiant stars may die and explode with a big and luminous explosion that named a supernova. The remnant core of high mass stars may become a neutron star or black hole according to the mass of an exploded stars
Studies on Installation of Floating Photovoltaic Systems in Water Reservoirs of Several Hydropower Plants in Greece
Get PDFUse of solar photovoltaics for electricity generation is growing rapidly in Greece replacing the use of fossil fuels in energy generation. The possibility of installing floating photovoltaic systems in water reservoirs in ten hydropower plants in Greece has been studied. Installations of floating photovoltaics in water reservoirs in Greece have not been reported while published studies regarding their applications in the country are limited so far. It has been found that the integration of floating photovoltaic systems with hydropower plants in Greece increases, by average, their initial capacity factor by 42.32%. It has been also estimated that, in the ten hydropower plants studied, by covering 9.39% of the water dams’ surface with floating photovoltaics the installed hydropower capacity is doubled while by covering 12.22% of their surface with floating photovoltaics the annual solar electricity generation is equal to the hydroelectricity generation. The additional hydroelectricity generation due to installation of floating photovoltaics in two hydropower plants varies in the range of 0.035% to 0.43% of the initial hydroelectricity generation. Our results indicate that floating photovoltaic systems can be integrated with hydropower plants in Greece generating significant amounts of solar electricity consisting of a complementary alternative technology to terrestrial photovoltaics which are mainly used to day. The results are useful to policy makers who are willing to increase the contribution of solar energy in energy generation, to investors in sustainable energy technologies and to the owners of hydropower plants in Greece who can increase the electricity generation and their energy efficiency integrating them with floating photovoltaic systems
Mapping Groundwater Levels in Erbil Basin
Get PDFIn the Erbil Basin, which is located in Kurdistan Region at northern part of Iraq, several production wells have been selected for monthly monitoring of groundwater levels. The continuous depletion of groundwater levels has been recorded due to uncontrolled exploitation from both legal and illegal wells that poses a major problem in selected Basin, which is classified as arid and semi-arid regions. Accurate prediction of groundwater depth and elevation maps is crucial for the development of effective groundwater management strategies in the aquifer system of the area. Depth to groundwater measures for each of the 55 wells that distributed across the North, Central, and South sub-basins of Erbil, also mapped and compared with wells data that are recorded periodically by the Directorate of Erbil Groundwater. The methodology of this study is involved mapping groundwater tables for the measured wells in (2022) with surveying wells coordinates as field observations, and compare with data of groundwater tables in (2004) that archived by groundwater directorate. This study employs high-accuracy surveying techniques for the selected wells and utilizes geographic information systems (GIS) as a successful tool for mapping groundwater levels using both Kriging and IDW interpolation methods. The results are indicated successfully that groundwater tables have sudden drawdown during these (18) years, the main reasons behind that is drilling numerous wells without planning and lack of management of the wells system in the study area. Meanwhile, Erbil basin required better planning and management of groundwater resources. The study concludes that there is lack in groundwater management need to keep the sustainability of this vital resources, and observing monthly groundwater levels need to be connected with high accuracy sensor inside observation wells not manually measuring groundwater levels by damaged sounders. Unfortunately, there is no observation wells inside Erbil basin, the recorded data are within production wells that cannot represent as actual levels of the groundwater. The main objective of this study is to present the actual problems in the study area by create the maps of the groundwater table for the selected basin and to be used as a basic plan in developing strategies for effective management and planning of Erbil groundwater resources. And also employed to protect aquifer storage and prevent depletion of groundwater resources
Application of a Modified ACO Algorithm for Optimizing Routes and Externality Effect of Solid Waste Management
Get PDFTo improve solid waste management and maintain its sustainability, it is important to reduce both the solid waste operational cost which includes the monetary value of distances covered and the externality effects of solid waste management. Therefore, this paper presents an application of a modified Ant Colony System algorithm to a bi-objective model for solid waste management in the Shama District in the Western Region of Ghana. The objective is to optimize route lengths and externality effects of solid waste management. Data on route lengths and population of communities along the routes were collected from 20 communities in the Shama Distric. Externality effect was measured by considering the population of the communities along the routes, the cost of treating a common cold subject to the assumption of two percent of the population being affected by the externality effect. The implemented algorithm has demonstrated the bi-objective optimal solution of route length (km) and externality effect (GHS) of (11, 2100) achievable on the path , which respectively represents a path linking the following communities: Aboadze, Abuesi Assorko Essaman, Beposo, Bosomdo and Fawomanye. There is therefore the need to ensure that the communities involved are linked with good roads
Analysis of the Opportunities and Challenges of Construction and Demolition Waste Management Methods Using PESTEL Analytical Tool
Get PDFThe aim of this study is to analyse the construction and demolition waste (C&DW) management strategies using a management analytical tool. The literature study was carried out to identify the various C&DW techniques. This was followed by the administration of a questionnaire survey completed based on a five-point Likert scale and the results were assessed and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 26 software. The outcome demonstrated that the stakeholders in the construction industry are more concerned about the final cost of the project, quality of work and completion time than the management of C&DW. The use of site waste management plan, legislation on implementation of waste sorting, and development of a waste stream market were identified as the most effective waste management strategies which should be adopted by the construction stakeholders. The PESTEL (political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal) analysis was used to analyze the external risks to be considered in the management of the construction waste while the SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis was used to identify the various strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threat that can arise in the management of construction waste
Optimized PID, FOPID and PIDD2 for Controlling UAV Based on SSA
Get PDFUnmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are widely used in recent years for different applications. Thus, UAV control attracted many researchers to suggest suitable controllers. The simplicity of PID controller makes it the first choice. In this paper, an offline tuning procedure based on Salp swarm algorithm (SSA) for the attitude control of UAV is proposed. The parameters of PID, Fractional order PID (FOPID), and PID Plus Second-order Derivative (PIDD2) have been tuned and their performance is compared in terms of rise time, maximum overshoot, settling time, and integral time absolute error
Android-based of Augmented Reality Technology to Introduce the Central Kalimantan’s Traditional Musical Instrument
Get PDFPreserving Indonesia\u27s diverse identity consisting of ethnic groups, cultures, languages, and arts is very important. To promote one of the traditional arts, namely traditional musical instruments, as a means of cultural preservation, Augmented Reality technology can be utilized. This research aims to design an Augmented Reality application for Android that displays traditional musical instruments of Central Kalimantan. This application uses Unity 3D, Vuforia SDK, and Blender 3D, and applies the Markerless method. This application displays 3D models of traditional musical instruments, with accompanying audio and text descriptions. The purpose of this application is to provide a comprehensive, interactive, and visually authentic overview of the traditional musical instruments of Central Kalimantan
Urban Heat Island (Uhi) Effect: The Rise of Land Surface Temperature in Cebu City, Philippines
Get PDFTemperature differences between the urban and surrounding areas have resulted from rapid urbanization. This study tries to systematically understand the urban heat island phenomenon in Cebu City by determining the land surface temperature using satellite images in 2010 and 2018. Land Surface Temperature (LST) was determined using the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) approach. The results were correlated to spatial metrics to identify its influence on the spatial variation of LST in Cebu City. Results indicated that the mean LST in Cebu City increased from 220C to 250C from 2010 to 2018. In 2018, the built-up area contributed the most LST, followed by forest and bare land, with 28.40 0C, 26.25 0C, and 25.85 0C, respectively. The results indicated that the landscape metrics are highly negatively correlated to LST, mainly attributed to the increase in forest area in Cebu City