Monash University, Institute of Transport Studies: World Transit Research (WTR)
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Polycentricity and TOD-ness synergy: A novel composite index for integrated development of employment centers and residential cores in transit-oriented neighborhoods
No full textProximity of transit-oriented development (TOD) goals to polycentric urban development in the field of controlling negative effects of urban sprawl reinforces polycentricity and TOD-ness spatial synergy. Furthermore, identification of transit-oriented neighborhoods that have high potential to become secondary employment centers (ECs) is one of the most important challenges facing urban transport planners and land use policy makers. This research explained integrated development of ECs and residential cores (RCs) in transit-oriented neighborhoods using a novel composite index. The index is designed based on TOD-ness and polycentricity measures using spatial statistical methods and helps urban planners and policy makers to better identify polycentric TODs as transit-oriented residential neighborhoods with high potential to become secondary employment centers. Research findings confirmed higher accessibility of polycentric TODs to public services and public and private transportation that have better integration in the development of urban facilities and transportation systems. Furthermore, the findings confirmed polycentricity and TOD-ness spatial synergies in polycentric TODs
Understanding the barriers affecting women\u27s mobility in the first- and last-mile stretches in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review
No full textGlobally, women encounter physical and social barriers that challenge their mobility. This review explores the barriers affecting women\u27s mobility, in the first- and last-mile stretches, in low- and middle-income countries and their consequences on accessibility, availability, affordability, and acceptability of public transport. This review includes 42 studies on mobility, accessibility, safety, travel patterns, and gendered transport, employing mixed, quantitative, and qualitative methods. The barriers observed in these studies are primarily related to 1) public transport, 2) non-motorized transport, 3) safety, 4) gendered norms, 5) urban form, and 6) policies. The most common concerns for women are the lack of adequate, reliable, inclusive, safe, and integrated public transport, poor pedestrian infrastructure, and unsafe environments. These, coupled with gendered norms, restrict mobility and access to essential services and opportunities for women, especially if traveling with children and luggage, as well as for older adults and persons with disabilities. This is one of the first reviews focusing on barriers affecting women\u27s mobility. It advocates for more contextualized evidence-based studies on first- and last-mile connectivity from more geographic locations, integrated feeder and main transport lines, and operationalizing and monitoring policies and regulations
Multi-Modal Urban Traffic Transfer Schedule Timetable Bi-Objective Optimization: Model, Algorithm, Comparison, and Case Study
No full textThe optimization of the connection between urban rail transit and the bus is an essential issue that benefits passenger travel and the urban structure and has social benefits, which can be realized by reasonably adjusting the bus departure schedule. This study is necessary because the development status quo of China’s urban transportation network planning is unreasonable, travel efficiency is not high, and operating costs are high. This paper sets up the decision variables of bus departure time and departure interval at each station, establishes a dual-objective optimization model with the minimum schedule change and the minimum transfer time, and studies the application of the augmented Chebyshev algorithm in the dual-objective optimization model. Secondly, based on the Shenzhen metro and public transportation integrated circuit card data, the case analysis uses the generalized Chebyshev algorithm and the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm, respectively. The optimization results show that using the improved augmented and generalized Chebyshev algorithm in the bus schedule alteration time within a reasonable range can maximize the total transfer time, which compared with the original scheme is shortened by 68.06%. In contrast, genetic algorithms will make the complete bus schedule alteration prominent, and the whole transfer time is substantially increased. The results show that the improved augmented generalized Chebyshev algorithm is more suitable for solving the dual-objective rail transit connection problem
Model for the Evaluation of Urban Transport Policies and Their Interaction with the Housing Market
No full textWe analyze several scenarios of transport reforms for the city of Bordeaux (France) using a model that takes into account the interaction between transport and the housing market. We find that road pricing schemes are significantly more effective when they are accompanied by an increase in housing supply in locations where demand increases. This allows households to consider their options for relocation in the medium and long term. Our analysis is based on an aggregate model with a nested decision structure that includes both transport and housing. We provide a full description of the model structure and the calibration steps and make the source code available for those who wish to analyze other cases
Service Quality in Rail Systems: Listen to the Voice of Social Media
No full textService quality is essential to increase and maintain user loyalty to the railway system. In the literature, surveys have been used to measure user satisfaction, and mathematical methods have been applied to quantify the survey results. In recent years, user-generated content, including comments and complaints shared via social media, has been used to measure the quality of rail services. This content may provide important insights into the quality of the service provided with its dynamic structure. In this study, a SERVQUAL-based social-media analytics approach is used to measure railway service quality, placing special emphasis on the temporal variations in a national rail system. Topic modeling was used to assign each content item to the relevant service dimension and sentiment analysis was applied to measure the level of satisfaction. Importance–performance analysis was employed at the final stage to generate policy suggestions. Gathering more than 2.3 million social-media messages posted from 2011 to 2021, we examined the temporal evolution of service quality of the Turkish rail system. The results reveal the most and least important services and the satisfaction level of each dimension. The differences between the priorities of conventional and high-speed rail passengers are defined, and policy recommendations are presented
GPS-based incident detection algorithm for two-lane bus rapid transit systems: case study of Istanbul Metrobus
No full textBus rapid transit (BRT) systems have been gaining popularity in both developed and developing countries, having system deployments on varying scales. Especially in developing economies, BRT systems provide an easy solution to mobility needs. However, depending on their geometric design and operational characteristics, BRT systems may be vulnerable to incidents within their right-of-way. Even combined with excessive demand and exclusive corridor design, an incident inside the BRT corridor can cause significant delays to the commuters. Through this paper, we aim to propose a GPS-based incident detection algorithm for BRT systems. The proposed detection scheme is tested through a real-world case study conducted on the Istanbul Metrobus system through 19 real-world incident records. The results for the proposed algorithm are comparatively evaluated with another GPS-based incident detection scheme from the literature. The resulting performance measures of the proposed algorithm obtained as 100% detection rate, 0.74% false alarm rate, and 2.9-min mean time to detection
Exploring impacts of perceived and actual air pollution on commuters’ mode choice
No full textSince people’s decisions are usually based on their perception, Air Pollution Perception (APP) can affect travel mode changes. This research examines the effects of APP and actual air pollution on commuters’ mode choice by developing a hybrid choice model. During a cross-sectional survey in Karaj, the fourth most populous city in Iran, 768 valid questionnaires were gathered including 2795 trips. The results show that APP had a negative effect on choosing public transit. Moreover, the findings indicate that commuters are more likely to use their cars when they feel less in control over air pollution. The findings may be useful in planning policies to manage people’s perception of air pollution in order to make public transit more desirable for car commuters, especially in polluted urban areas
Improving passenger travel efficiency through a dynamic autonomous non-stop rail transit system
No full textThis study proposes a dynamic autonomous non-stop rail transit (DANRT) system to improve the travel efficiency of passengers in urban rail transit (URT) systems and solves a pertinent carriage scheduling problem derived from the DANRT system using a mathematical programming model. In the DANRT system, passengers traveling to the same destination are allocated to the same carriage(s), and each carriage can be attached to and detached from trains using the modular autonomous vehicle (MAV) technology effortlessly, which enables all trains to run non-stop throughout the focused operation period. We offer a cost-effective design for the DANRT system. To ensure safe and efficient operations, a mathematical model is proposed for the carriage scheduling problem in the DANRT system, where the number and destinations of carriages required by each station are determined. A linearization and segmentation method for the model is proposed. To examine the effectiveness of the DANRT system, we compare the travel efficiency of passengers in the DANRT system with that in the traditional system by using the origin-destination distribution of passengers on the Batong Line of Beijing Subway. The results demonstrate that passengers in DANRT can save about 2.9 % to 8.6 % of travel time compared with the traditional system. Finally, we conclude several observations and operational characteristics of the DANRT system by numerical experiments
Extended review of multi-agent solutions to Advanced Public Transportation Systems challenges
No full textOver the past few decades, intelligent transportation systems (ITS) have emerged as an effective way to improve the performance of transportation systems. ITS provide innovative services, enhance travel safety, provide travellers with more choices, and make transportation systems more efficient. Multi-agent systems (MAS), which define autonomous interacting entities, are suitable for modelling distributed and intelligent systems in general and ITS in particular. This paper provides an in-depth review of multi-agent systems applied to Advanced Public Transportation Systems (APTS), a subclass of ITS dedicated to managing public transportation networks. We carefully analysed 38 papers in this study, published in 19 journals during 31 years (1990–2020). We perform a synthetic analysis of the trends in this domain and a qualitative analysis focused on multi-agent systems’ dimensions and properties. We show that the MAS approach is well suited to the real-time management of disturbances thanks to their delegation process, and their pro-activeness and autonomy properties
Investigating socio-spatial differentiation for metro travelers using smart card data: Older people vs. others
No full textAs population aging has been an issue worldwide, the mobility of older people have attracted the attention of scholars from urban planning, transport geography, and social science. However, few have investigated socio-spatial differentiation among mobility groups, considering their daily needs and activity spaces. To fill this research gap, we conducted a comparative analysis of socio-spatial differentiation, based on individual activity spaces. We used smart card data from Kunming, China, to identify selected individuals’ residential locations and travel patterns, and evaluate their accessed activity space. We performed a disaggregated analysis of the individual activity space, and then aggregated the activity counts on each grid. This study found that the residential locations of older metro travelers are significantly different from those of other metro travelers. In addition, socio-spatial differentiation was found to exist due to different daily requirements. The results were confirmed in three LASSO models with built environment variables. These findings are useful in urban and transportation planning to improve elder-friendly services