Monash University, Institute of Transport Studies: World Transit Research (WTR)
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Data-Driven Multi-Criteria Assessment Framework for Analyzing the Reliability of Bus Services
No full textIntelligent systems have been extensively used to improve the reliability of transport services as a result of technological advances. Despite the technical and methodological achievements, public transportation companies are still facing excessive challenges in assessing the performance and reliability of the system. This study establishes a data-driven multi-criteria decision-making model for prioritizing bus routes that illustrates both operator and consumer views on bus routes. The multi-criteria fuzzy outranking process is handled by ELECTRE III and Condorcet methods. The developed model utilizes alternative indices of bus travel-time reliability to fully capture the uncertain nature of the input data. The reliability assessment framework is based on automatic vehicle location (AVL) data which works as an effective evaluation system for enhanced service reliability on different routes network-wide. Using this model, bus transport companies can set a benchmark and a reliable ranking system for their bus routes. This hybrid prioritization framework is used for characterizing and enhancing transport network efficiency. The effectiveness of the model is examined by quantifying the reliability of eight bus routes controlled by the Qazvin public transportation system, in Iran. A wide range of AVL data sources is employed within an in-depth statistical analysis based on both user and operator preferences. According to the concordance matrix results, line 18 has been found to be superior to other bus routes, and the possibility of identifying less efficient bus routes has been fulfilled
Predicting Public Willingness to Use Autonomous Shuttles: Evidence from an Emerging Economy
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the public’s willingness to adopt autonomous shuttles for public transport. This study proposes a research framework to explain people’s adoption intentions. Therefore, this study adapts and extends the value-based adoption model based on the cost-benefit theory. Using empirical data from 312 respondents in Malaysia, a structural equation model is utilized to test the hypotheses. The results indicate that perceived usefulness and perceived enjoyment have a positive influence on perceived value. Furthermore, perceived value positively influences the intention to use autonomous shuttles. Perceived risk was found to have no influence on perceived value, and the relationship between perceived risk and perceived value was not moderated by personal innovativeness. To improve consumer adoption intention predictions for this complex and new technology, future research should consider incorporating additional variables. Additionally, once autonomous shuttles are introduced into the market, future studies can utilize market data for more precise analysis. This study adds to past research findings by providing a detailed understanding of the role of perceived value in the adoption of autonomous shuttles. It contributes new knowledge on consumers’ psychological stance toward this emerging technology. Consequently, it serves as a valuable benchmark for further studies seeking to provide a more comprehensive understanding of consumer acceptance of autonomous shuttle services, particularly in emerging economies
Emission trading scheme for emission reduction and equity promotion in multimode networks with heterogeneous users
No full textAir pollution caused by high transport-related emissions is already a serious problem, whereas user heterogeneity results in most of the existing emission reduction instruments cannot being applied in practice, despite reducing social inequity. In this paper, we propose an emission trading scheme (ETS) based on a dual-market mechanism in a multimode network with heterogeneous users in value of time (VOT), in order to primarily achieve the objective of emission reduction while taking equity promotion into account. Specifically, emission permits are issued in the primary market and travelers trade permits freely in the secondary market by bearing transaction cost which are assumed to be asymmetrically split between buyers and sellers. The High-Occupancy-Vehicle-based cyclic carbon emission permit (HOV-based CCEP) scheme is applied in the ETS as permit charges to better achieve the objectives. Unlike the previous studies of charging scheme, the compensatory permit rates in our model could be charged from private car (PC) passengers, waived for customized bus (CB) passengers and subsidized for public transit (PT) passengers. The market trading processes considering transaction cost and travel choice behaviors are formulated as a variational inequality problem (VIP). The multimode equilibrium solution of which is obtained by developing a relaxation algorithm with a multi-round iteration strategy. Finally, we conduct numerical experiments based on Braess and Sioux Falls networks to demonstrate the merits of the proposed model and reveal the results that highlight the importance of ETS and multiple public transport modes in the heterogeneous system for emission reduction and equity promotion
Stated opinions and potential travel with DRT – a survey covering three different age groups
No full textPrevious research shows that well-grounded knowledge of the intended travellers is essential for achieving successful DRT services. However, there is a lack of understanding of the potential travels in different age groups, and the acceptance of design alternatives that may affect these. Based on surveys conducted in Sweden, this paper investigates these factors in a hypothetical DRT service, in the age groups 6–17, 18–69 and over 70 years. A total of 1241 people answered the questionnaires. The results show that the age groups have similar acceptance regarding delays and departure time intervals. Older adults have lower acceptance of digital solutions, and children and older adults have stronger requirements for value-added services. About 85–90% of the respondents claim they would use the service, at least occasionally. The results also show how a DRT system should be configured to allow room for system efficiency gains, while still being accepted by most travellers
Everyday mobility and citizenship: a living lab approach
No full textIn the context of a living lab that aimed to reduce everyday car use, citizens in a newly established semi-urban residential area in Sweden were asked to travel less by car, try mobility and accessibility services, and to reason about travelling and their own role in a future sustainable transport system. By analysing the participants’ written reports about mobility practices and mobility citizenship, collected through a living lab app, the paper explores links between everyday mobility and mobility citizenship. The analysis, which is based on theories on citizenship and mobility and social practice theory, shows that the participants’ reports provided context-specific knowledge regarding everyday mobility and citizenship. The participants expressed both knowledge about and engagement in their local environment. This opens new ways to understand, explore and make use of mobility citizenship, in research and in practice
Should transit-oriented development consider station age effects?
No full textPromoting transit-oriented development (TOD) through the built environment and transport interventions is an essential planning strategy for achieving urban sustainable objectives. Yet, existing studies largely neglect the critical effects of station age on the relationship between the built environment and metro ridership. This study fills this gap by examining how the impact of the built environment on metro ridership varies by station age in Shanghai, China. We apply machine learning methods to identify key determinants of metro ridership and examine nonlinear associations across three station age intervals. The results suggest: (1) the effects of the built environment and metro ridership are not homogeneous among different station ages; (2) the transport-related built environment factors contribute more to metro ridership at the early stage period, while the land use-related built environment variables more profound at latter stages. These insights provide planners with stage-specific guidance on tailoring built environment interventions for TOD
Modeling and evaluating the travel behaviour in multimodal networks: A path-based unified equilibrium model and a tailored greedy solution algorithm
No full textThe modeling and efficient solution of the combined mode split and traffic assignment (CMSTA) problem serve as a powerful tool for capturing complex travel behavior in multimodal transportation networks under different planning scenarios and incentive programs. In this paper, we propose a path-based unified equilibrium condition that combines the cross-nested logit (CNL)-based mode split and the user equilibrium (UE)-based traffic assignment to address the CMSTA problem on a multimodal transportation network. The equilibrium condition is further formulated as a novel path-based variational inequality (VI) model. A general path-based algorithm framework that integrates a tailored greedy algorithm and a novel modified intelligent acceleration strategy (MIAS) is then developed for solving the proposed CMSTA model. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed model and algorithm in both small-size and large-scale networks. The proposed model and algorithm can help to provide some policy implications for multimodal transportation planning and management. The lessons learned from our analysis results include (1) the removal of some existing key park-and-ride (P&R) interchanges that carry more flows from the multimodal network can result in a significant increase in total travel costs, but the removal of others may instead reduce total travel costs; (2) increasing the number of P&R interchanges in a multimodal network may degrade the performance of the network, even though it may encourage the use of green travel modes
Integration of UAVs with public transit for delivery: Quantifying system benefits and policy implications
No full textThe maturation and scalability of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology offer transformative opportunities to revolutionize prompt delivery. This study explores integrating UAVs with public transportation vehicles (PTVs) to establish a novel delivery paradigm that enhances revenue for public transit operators and improves transport system efficiency without compromising passenger convenience or operational efficiency. Employing hexagonal planning technology, this study identifies and quantifies the available spatio-temporal resources of PTVs for UAV integration. This involves aligning the spatio-temporal dynamics of prompt delivery orders with PTV ridership, based on field data from Beijing’s Haidian District. Utilizing these outputs, we quantitatively analyze the benefits of integrating UAVs with PTVs on increasing public transit revenue, and potentials of reducing carbon emissions and mitigating congestion. Furthermore, we quantify the long-term benefits of UAV-PTV integration by predicting future increases in delivery demand. Based on obtained quantitative results, this study discusses practical and policy implications to support the sustainable integration of UAVs with PTVs
Analysis of multi-modal public transportation system performance under metro disruptions: A dynamic resilience assessment framework
No full textThe well-functioning multi-modal public transportation systems play crucial roles in reducing traffic congestion, alleviating environmental pollution, and improving mobility. There are variants of disruptions that may impede the smooth functioning of public transportation systems and challenge their normal operations. It is essential to develop resilient multi-modal public transportation systems, and a reasonable resilience assessment framework serves as the foundation for developing such systems. In this paper, we propose a resilience assessment framework based on performance-based measurement metrics. We develop a dynamic simulation procedure that considers the impacts of disruptions on passenger choices of path and departure time. By incorporating these features into the simulation procedure, we can effectively model the variations of passenger flow under disruptions. Finally, to demonstrate the proposed resilience assessment framework and dynamic simulation procedure, the multi-modal public transportation system in Beijing is considered as a case study. The results reveal that the system exhibits good resistance and recovery capabilities, but it lacks robustness. Additionally, we discuss the effects of downtime, bus frequency, bus bridging services, and proportions of commuters on resilience, which lead to several valuable policy implications
Bus stop spacing with heterogeneous trip lengths and elastic demand
No full textThis paper develops models of a bus route in which (i) stop spacing can vary; (ii) trip lengths are heterogeneous; (iii) demand is elastic; and (iv) passengers delay the bus. Since wider spacings make sufficiently long trips faster, and sufficiently short trips slower, they induce long trips and repel short trips. We explore two continuum-approximation models: one with fixed headways and another in which headways depend on the spacing. The pattern of induced/repelled trips means the ridership-maximizing spacing is shorter than the one that maximizes passenger-km traveled. The same pattern also makes the average trip length endogenous to spacing. In the model with endogenous headways, when spacing is very narrow, a rise in spacing can reduce the expected wait time by more than it increases the expected walk time. We draw several lessons for practice and use a discrete simulation to confirm results from the continuous approximation models