Tokyo Metropolitan University Institutional Repository Miyako-Dori / 首都大学東京機関リポジトリ
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Occupational adaptation: the experiences of older persons with physical disabilities
Full text linkThe purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the experiences of occupational adaptation among a small number of older Dutch persons with physical disabilities. Occupational adaptation was tentatively defined as overcoming disabling influences on occupational functioning. Eight occupational therapy clients, who were living in the community, were interviewed using an open in-depth interview format. A phenomenological analysis resulted in descriptions of occupational adaptation as a process that required these clients’ active engagement. The clients recruited already familiar problem-solving strategies and personal resources as well as resources in their social and physical environments to identify prospects of potential solutions and to create solutions to overcome constraints on occupational functioning. Furthermore, participants strived for finding satisfaction through occupations, a meaning theme which emerged as the object of occupational adaptation. Satisfaction through occupations was found in maintaining daily routines and engaging in fulfilling occupations
Effectiveness of Motor Imagery on Physical Function in Patients With Stroke : A Systematic Review
Full text linkOver the past two decades, motor imagery (MI) has been used as a supplementary treatment approach to regain physical function in patients with stroke. However, the baseline treatment and the quality of study methodology for new treatment approaches have improved. This systematic review examined the evidence published in the past few decades on the effectiveness of MI on upper- and lower-extremity function and functional performance in patients with stroke. A total of 29 randomized controlled and crossover trials that compared MI with other interventions were analyzed. In addition, the outcomes were grouped into upper-, lower-extremity function, and functional performance for data analysis. More than half of the upper-extremity function studies reported improved performance in Fugl-Meyer assessment, Wolf motor function test, and box and block test in both acute and chronic stages. Lower-extremity function and functional performance were primarily investigated using Fugl-Meyer assessment, gait speed and parameters, activities of daily living, and balance ability. When considering only high-quality studies, six of 15 on upper extremity reported significant effects, whereas five of 15 reported nonsignificant effects. In addition, six of 14 studies on gait and balance reported significant effects. This systematic review suggests that both MI training and conventional rehabilitation programs effectively enhance upper limb functional abilities, including improvements in gait speed and balance, in individuals with acute and chronic stroke. Although the studies published during the past few decades showed heterogeneity in onset after stroke, research protocol, training intensity, and research methodology quality, none of them reported the long-term effects.東京都立大学学位論文 副論
Current status and issues of early occupational therapy intervention for persons with mental disorders : A scoping review of case reports and interventional studies in Japan
Full text link日本における入院精神障害者に対する早期作業療法の既存の研究結果を要約し，今後の研究や実践の示唆を得るためにスコーピングレビューを実施した．データベース検索とハンドサーチにて早期作業療法に関する事例研究，介入研究計14論文を抽出し分析した．早期作業療法では精神症状，作業遂行，認知機能の評価の利用が多く，認知心理機能，健康管理能力，日常生活活動，社会生活適応能力の改善を目的に介入が実施されていた．主な成果として精神症状や認知機能，機能的自立度および動機付けの改善が示された．一方で，集団プログラムの目的が不明確な報告が多いこと，作業に関する成果報告が乏しいことも明らかとなり，今後の課題と考えられた．This study conducted a scoping review to identify the content and outcomes of occupational therapy interventions for people with mental disorders from the early stages of their hospitalization in Japan. Ten case reports and four interventional studies were identified by both database and hand search. Early occupational therapy for people with mental disorders often began in the second or third week of hospitalization and lasted from two to three months, and most of the assessments were related to psychiatric symptoms, occupational performance, and interpersonal interactions. Interventions aimed at improving cognitive psychological functioning, health management skills, activities of daily living, and social adjustment skills were implemented–most of them as individual interventions. The main outcomes were improvements in psychiatric symptoms, cognitive function, functional independence, and motivation, but the purpose of the group program was unclear, and there was a lack of reports on the outcomes of the occupation. Future studies should clarify the purpose of the group pr ogram and verify the effect on the occupation.東京都立大学学位論文 副論