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Get PDFFront cover illustration: Bennett’s Brook Mill in 1896. Detail of photo by William A. Wright, April 6, 1896. Courtesy of the Trustees of Reservations, Archives and Research Center
Earliest Known Photograph of Zoar Separatists
Get PDFAlthough many American communal societies were at their heights of population and prosperity in the 1840s and 1850s, daguerreotypes of their members and settlements are extremely rare or entirely unknown today. The Miller family portrait is thought to be the only daguerreotype to survive from Zoar, the utopian community located 38 miles south of Akron, Ohio
Internalized Paternal Exclusion From the Inside Out: How Has COVID Changed It?
Get PDFIn the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, the routines of families all over the U.S. faced massive disruptions as schools and workplaces moved online. During this time, mothers faced the primary responsibility of keeping the household afloat and keeping track of their children’s education even as fathers worked remotely. As fathers return to the workplace, mothers are still staying behind, begging the question what forces are shaping mothers’ justifications of their presence at the home and their partners’ presences outside. Drawing upon 18 interviews, I examine two research questions: (1) How are mothers dealing with their husbands’ absences when performing childcare and domestic work? And (2) How have participants interpreted the impact on their careers and families resulting from COVID? The interviews revealed that mothers, shaped by the internal and external expectations of intensive mothering, justify the hegemonic masculinity of fatherhood by emphasizing the father’s place in breadwinning, minimal participation in domestic work, and frequent participation in activities outside the home. These findings reveal the internalization of gender roles by mothers who face frequent pressure of being a mother intensely involved with her children and wiling to sacrifice her wellbeing and career to do so
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Get PDFFront cover illustration: Tony Mathews relaxing on the front steps, Montague Farm. Photo: Laura Bradley. Collection of the author
The Commonwealth of Massachusetts vs. the Harvard Shakers
Get PDFIn the spring of April, 1826, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts concluded court proceedings against Elder John Warner and others of Harvard’s Shakers. The trial took place in Worcester and had been continued from the previous fall. According to a local newspaper, the head men of the Society were indicted and charged with having falsely imprisoned one Seth Babbit, from the year 1823 to the finding of the indictment, and with having, at sundry times during that period, violently assaulted and beaten him.
Testimony at the trial made it clear that the Shakers were taking care of one of their own in the manner generally accepted at the time. This being the case the question arises, why did the Commonwealth, at Harvard’s instigation, bring suit? There was a hidden agenda. Witness after witness, some of whom were disillusioned former Shakers, insinuated into their testimony “evidence” concerning violations of property rights and personal freedoms