Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (INAJOG)
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Pap Smear Cytology Results in Patients Under Visual Inspection of Acetic Acid (VIA) at Primary Health Care: Hasil Sitologi Pap Smear pada Pasien di Bawah Inspeksi Visual Asam Asetat (IVA) di Pusat Perawatan Kesehatan Utama
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Objective: we compared the results of Pap Smear and VIA in Primary Healthcare Centres (PHCs).
Methods: This was a descriptive study that investigated Pap smear cytology results in patients who underwent visual inspection of acetic acid in PHC for early detection of cervical cancer. This research was done in three PHCs (Tikala Baru, Tuminting and Paniki), which appointed by Manado Health Department as they have certified general practitioner, midwives, and nurse for VIA examination. The Pap smear examination was performed by researchers and VIA performed by certified PHC VIA Team using tools, equipment, available at the PHCs without intervention.
Results: Of 55 subjects, 15 and 40 subjects were VIA positive and negative, respectively. Fifteen samples with positive VIA there were only three subjects with dysplasia (LSIL) results in Pap smear, and 40 samples with VIA negative there were two samples with dysplasia (LSIL) results in Pap smear.
Conclusion: The result of VIA examination in primary health care with VIA positive was only 20% had dysplasia (LSIL) on pap smears, and negative VIA sample was 5% with dysplasia (LSIL) on Pap smear.
Keywords:cervical cancer, pap smear, VIA.
Abstrak
Tujuan: membandingkan hasil pemeriksaan gambaran sitologi Pap Smear dengan hasilpemeriksaan IVA di Puskesmas.
Metode:Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif untuk mengetahui hasil sitologi Pap Smear pada pasien yang telah dilakukan pemeriksaan inspeksi visual asam asetat di fasilitas kesehatan tingkat I untuk deteksi dini kanker serviks. Penelitian ini dilakukan di tiga Puskesmas (Puskesmas Tikala Baru, Tuminting, dan Paniki) yang telah diberikan pelatihan IVA yang ditunjuk oleh Dinas Kesehatan Kota Manado. Pemeriksaan Pap Smear dilakukan oleh penelitidan IVA dilakukan oleh petugas kesehatan tingkat I dengan menggunakan alat, perlengkapan, yang tersedia di Puskesmas tanpa intervensi.
Hasil :Dari 55 subyek, didapatkan 15 subyek dengan IVA positif, dan 40 subyek dengan IVA negatif. Dari 15 subyek dengan IVA positif hanya terdapat 3 orang diantara dengan hasil displasia pada Pap Smear, dan 40 subyek dengan IVA negatif terdapat 2 orang dengan hasil displasia pada Pap Smear.
Kesimpulan: Hasil pemeriksaan IVA di fasilitas kesehatan tingkat I dengan IVA positif hanya 20% memliki gambaran displasia (LSIL) pada hasil Pap smear dan sampel dengan IVA negative terdapat 5% dengan gambaran displasia (LSIL) pada hasil Pap Smear.
Kata Kunci: IVA, kanker serviks, pap smear
Choice of Delivery Places and Factors which Influence it in the Aceh Besar Regency: Pilihan Tempat Persalinan Ibu dan Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhinya di Kabupaten Aceh Besar
Get PDFObjective: To determine the relationship of maternal delivery and the factors that influence in Aceh Besar regency of Aceh Province.
Method: We used a cross-sectional study design. Data were collected in all Community Health Centres in each sub-district in Aceh Besar regency of Aceh province. The total sample size of this study was 80 patient data, with details of 40 maternity patients in health facilities and 40 patients who were delivered to non-health facilities. Data were taken on factors that influence the choice of place of delivery, i.e. travel time from home to health facilities, age, parity, antenatal care, education, and income.
Results: The result of chi-square test showed significant relation time (p = 0,000), Education (p = 0,011), parity (p = 0,000), antenatal care (p = 0,025), age (p = 0,003), revenue (p = 0.022) with maternity delivery in Aceh Besar regency. From the result of multivariate analysis found that travel time is the most influential factor in choosing the birth place with (OR = 51,976).
Conclusion: The result of multivariate analysis showed that travel time was the most influential factor in choosing the delivery place with 51,976 times.
Keywords: health facilities, maternal mortality rate, safe delivery
Abstrak
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan tempat persalinan ibu dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi di Kabupaten Aceh Besar Provinsi Aceh.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang. Data diambil di seluruh Puskesmas di setiap kecamatan di Kabupaten Aceh Besar Provinsi Aceh. Jumlah total sampel penelitian ini adalah 80 data pasien, dengan rincian 40 pasien yang bersalin di fasilitas kesehatan dan 40 pasien yang bersalin di non fasilitas kesehatan. Data yang diambil mengenai informasi faktor yang mempengaruhi pilihan tempat persalinan, yaitu waktu tempuh dari rumah ke fasilitas kesehatan, usia, paritas, ANC, pendidikan, dan pendapatan.
Hasil: Hasil uji chi-square menunjukkan terdapat hubungan secara signifikan waktu tempuh (p=0,000), pendidikan (p=0,011), paritas (p=0,000), ANC (p=0,025), usia (p=0,003), pendapatan (p=0,022) dengan pemilihan tempat persalinan ibu di Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Dari hasil analisis multivariate didapatkan waktu tempuh adalah faktor yang paling berpengaruh dalam memilih tempat persalinan dengan (OR=51,976).
Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi logistik, kelompok yang waktu tempuh nya dari rumah ke fasilitas kesehatan < 30 menit 51,976 kali lebih besar kemungkinan memilih tempat persalinan di fasilitas kesehatan.
Kata kunci: angka kematian ibu, fasilitas kesehatan, persalinan ama
The Proportion of Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients with Stage IIA1 and IIA2 Cervical Cancer who were Treated for Radical Hysterectomy and Pelvic Lymphadenectomy: Perbandingan Proporsi Metastasis Kelenjar Getah Bening pada Pasien Kanker Serviks Stadium IIA1 dan IIA2 yang Ditatalaksana Histerektomi Radikal dan Limfadenektomi Pelvis
Get PDFObjective: This study was designed to determine a difference in prognosis of stage IIA1 cervical cancer compared to stage IIA2 based on the incidence of metastasis to pelvic lymph nodes by radical hysterectomy.
Methods:A cross sectional study was conducted among 108 stage II cervical cancer patient post radical hysterectomy in obstetric gynecologic department of Dr. CiptoMangunkusumo hospital since 2006-2016.
Results: From 108 patients with cervical cancer stage IIA, 80 (74%) patients are stage IIA1 and the remaining the remaining 28 (26%) patients are stage IIA2. The average age of patients at stage IIA2 (47.79 years) younger than IIA1 (55.85 years) and also patient at stage IIA1 having a higher parity number which is 4 compare to stage IIA2 with the number of parity 2. The Involvement of lymph node metastasis in patients with stage IIA1 and IIA2 cervical cancer were 51 (63.75%) and 16 (57.14%) respectively.
Conclusion: Metastatic factor to lymphnode in both stage have the same result. There was no difference in the proportion of lymph node metastasis occurring in both stage IIA cervical cancer stage which was corrected with radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy with p = 0,535. Changing staging does not seem to improve the prognosis.
Keywords: cervical cancer, stage IIA, lymphnode metastatic
Tujuan:Membuktikan adanya perbedaan prognosis kanker servik stadium IIa1 dibanding stadium IIa2 berdasarkan kejadian metastasis ke kelenjar getah bening pelvik yang dilakukan histerektomi radikal.
Metode: Dengan menggunakan metode potong lintang dilakukan pengambilan data 108 sampel pasien kanker serviks stadium IIA yang dilakukanpembedahanhisterektomiradikal di Departemen OnkologiGinekologi RSUP. Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta sejak tahun 2006 hingga tahun 2016.
Hasil: Pasien kanker serviks stadium IIA1 sebanyak 80 (74%) pasien dan stadium IIA2 sebanyak 28 (26 %) pasien. Pada stadium IIA2 (47.79 tahun) didapatkan rata ratausiapasienlebihmudadibandingkan IIA1 (55.85 tahun). Pada stadium IIA1 jugadidapatkanjumlahparitas yang lebihtinggiyaitu 4 sedangkanpada stadium IIA2 denganjumlahparitas 2.
Keterlibatan metastasis kelenjar getah bening pada pasien kanker serviks stadium IIA1 dan IIA2 berjumlah 51 (63.75%) dan 16 (57.14%) secara berurutan. Tidak terdapat perbedaan proporsi kejadian metastasis kelenjar getah bening pada kedua kelompok stadium kanker serviks pada stadium IIA dengan nilai p = 0,535.
Kesimpulan: Faktor metastasis kelenjar getah bening pada kedua stadium memiliki hasil yang serupa.Tidak terdapat perbedaan proporsi kejadian metastasis kelenjar getah bening pada kedua kelompok stadium kanker serviks stadium IIA1 dan IIA2 yang ditatalaksna dengan histerektomi radikal dan limfadenektomi pelvis. Perubahan penetapan stadium sepertinya tidak memperbaiki prognosis.
Kata kunci : Kanker serviks, stage IIA, kelenjar getah bening, faktor prognosti
Neurofibrillary Pathology in the Infundibular Nucleus in Relation to Age and Abnormal Hormone Levels: Patologi Neurofibrilar pada Nukleus Infundibularis Terkait Usia dan Kadar Hormon Abnormal
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Objective: to determine whether the decline of testosterone during ageing would make this nucleus more vulnerable for NF changes (i.e. hyperphosphorylated-tau) in men, or that the decline of estrogens in the postmenopausal period would protect the infundibular nucleus in women.
Methods: We investigated the infundibular nucleus in postmortem subjects. Brain materials obtained from 29 subjects in the Netherlands Brain Bank were further classified as control subjects and subjects with abnormal hormone conditions. Procedures consisted of tissue collection, immunochemical staining, and analysis of the staining intensity. Results then were collected and concluded using observational methods.
Results: Elderly male subjects with low testosterone conditions showed more severe NF changes in the infundibular nucleus than postmenopausal women. The occurrence of NF changes in elderly subjects was generally accompanied by the presence of basket-like nerve terminals staining for ERβ.
Conclusion: The sex difference in NF changes in the infundibular nucleus in the elderly is due to hyperphosphorylated-tau induction in low testosterone and ageing condition in men, while in postmenopausal women the declining estrogen levels seem to protect against NF changes in this brain area.
Keywords: ageing, estrogen, hyperphosphorylated-tau, infundibular nucleus, testosterone
Abstrak
Tujuan: untuk menentukan apakah penurunan level testosteron selama proses penuaan menyebabkan nukleus infundibularis menjadi lebih rentan terhadap perubahan neurofibrilar (NF) (misalnya hyperphosphorylated-tau) pada laki-laki atau apakah penurunan level estrogen selama masa pasca-menopause memiliki efek protektif terhadap nukleus infundibular pada perempuan.
Metode: Peneliti memeriksa nukleus infundibular pada subjekpost-mortem. Materi berupa jaringan otak dari 29 subjek dari Netherlands Brain Bank lebih lanjut diklasifikasikan sebagai subjek kontrol dan subjek dengan kondisi hormon abnormal. Prosedur terdiri dari pengumpulan jaringan, pewarnaan dengan teknik imunohistokimia, dan analisis dari intensitas pewarnaan. Hasil yang didapat kemudian dikumpulkan dan disimpulkan sesuai dengan metode observasional.
Hasil: Subjek laki-laki lanjut usia dengan testosteron rendah menunjukkan perubahan NF yang lebih buruk pada nukleus infundibular dibandingkan dengan wanita postmenopause. Kejadian perubahan NF pada subjek lanjut usia secara umum diikuti oleh munculnya pewarnaan pada ujung saraf berbentuk basket-like yang positif untuk Erβ.
Kesimpulan:Perbedaan jenis kelamin terkait perubahan NF pada nukleus infundibular pada subjek lanjut usia terjadi akibat induksi hiperfosforilasi taupada kondisi testosteron yang rendah yang dikombinasi oleh proses penuaan pada pria. Sedangkan pada perempuan pascamenopause, penurunan level estrogen menunjukkan efek protektif terhadap perubahan NF pada area otak ini.
Kata kunci: estrogen, hiperfosforilasi protein tau, nukleus infundibularis, penuaan, testostero
Profile of D-dimer in Uncomplicated Pregnancy: Profile D-dimer Kehamilan tanpa Komplikasi
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Objective: To obtain the profile of D-dimer in uncomplicated pregnancy.
Methods: A cross sectional study was done on 90 uncomplicated pregnant women consisted of 30 women in each trimester and 30 healthy, nonpregnant women as control group from July to August 2012. D-dimer level was measured by particle enhanced immunoturbidimetry method using Innovance D-dimer and Sysmex CA 1500 in the Department of Clinical Pathology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta.
Results: All women in the control group showed normal D-dimer level (<0.,5 mg/L FEU). The median and range of D-dimer level in the 1st trimester, 2nd trimester, and 3rd trimester were 0.42 mg/L FEU and 0.1-1.07 mg/L FEU, 0.97 mg/L FEU and 0.6-3.34 mg/L FEU, and 1.56 mg/L FEU and 0.69-3.75 mg/L FEU, respectively. Increased D-dimer level was found in 27% of pregnant women in 1st trimester, 87% in 2nd trimester, and 100% in 3rd trimester.
Conclusion: Increased D-dimer level was found in 27% of pregnant women in 1st trimester, 87% in 2nd trimester, and 100% in 3rd trimester. The range of D-dimer level in the 1st trimester was 0.1-1.07 mg/L FEU, in the 2nd trimester was 0.6-3.34 mg/L FEU, and in the 3rd trimester was 0.69-3.75 mg/L FEU.
Keywords: D-dimer, trimester, uncomplicated pregnancy
Abstrak
Tujuan : Untuk mendapatkan profil D-dimer pada kehamilan tanpa komplikasi.
Metode : Penelitian potong lintang dilakukan pada 90 perempuan hamil tanpa komplikasi yang terdiri atas 30 perempuan pada tiap trimester dan 30 perempuan sehat yang tidak hamil, sebagai kelompok kontrol dari bulan Juli sampai Agustus 2012. Kadar D-dimer diukur dengan cara particle enhanced immunoturbidimetry menggunakan reagen InnovanceÃ’ D-dimer dan koagulometer SysmexÃ’ CA 1500 di Deparemen Patologi Klinik, Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta.
Hasil: Seluruh perempuan dalam kelompok kontrol mempunyai kadar D-dimer dalam batas normal (<0.,5 mg/L FEU). Median (rentang) kadar D-dimer pada trimester pertama, kedua, dan ketiga berturut-turut 0.42 mg/L FEU (0.1-1.07 mg/L FEU), 0.97 mg/L FEU (0.6-3.34 mg/L FEU), dan 1.56 mg/L FEU (0.69-3.75 mg/L FEU). Peningkatan kadar D-dimer ditemukan pada 27% perempuan hamil trimester pertama, 87% trimester kedua, dan pada 100% trimester ketiga.
Kesimpulan: Peningkatan kadar D-dimer ditemukan pada 27% perempuan hamil trimester pertama, 87% trimester kedua dan 100% pada trimester ketiga. Rentang kadar D-dimer level pada trimester pertama adalah 0.1-1.07 mg/L FEU, pada trimester kedua 0.6-3.34 mg/L FEU, dan pada trimester ketiga 0.69-3.75 mg/L FEU.
Kata kunci: D-dimer, kehamilan tanpa komplikasi, trimeste
Informatic Video Increased The Number of Acceptors in Post Placental Insertion of Intrauterine Device (IUD): Video Informasi Meningkatkan Jumlah Akseptor Alat Kontrasepsi Dalam Rahim (AKDR) Pascaplasenta
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Objective: To find out the role of informatic video in obtaining consent for post placental insertion of Intrauterine Device (IUD)
Methods: This was a prospective randomized controlled trial. The informatic video was given to the study group compared by the level of acceptance of the respondents in the control group that was given conventional methods. This research was carried out in Pertiwi, Fatimah, and Khadijah I Mother and Child Hospital Makassar. The data were analyzed by chi-square test with significant level p<0.05.
Results: There was a significant correlation between informatic video groups to the consent (p=0.026) and the insertion (p=0.034) of post placental IUCD. The informatic video had the effects to increased the number of acceptors post placental IUCD with the value of significance as 0.018, therefore if the informatic video was increased, then the consent of insertion IUCD was also increased.
Conclusions: Informatic video had the effects of increased the number of acceptors post placental IUCD.
Keywords: informatic video, postplacental insertion of Intra-Uterine Contraceptive Device (IUCD)
Abstrak
Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara video informasi dalam pengambilan persetujuan tindakan medis pada pemasangan AKDR pasca plasenta.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kohort dengan uji acak terkontrol prospektif. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian uji kohort dimana peneliti memberikan tayangan video informasi pada kelompok penelitian serta membandingkan tingkat penerimaan pasien terhadap AKDR dengan kelompok kontrol. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Rumah Sakit Khusus Daerah Ibu dan Anak Pertiwi, Rumah Sakit Khusus Daerah Ibu dan Anak Fatimah, Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak Khadijah I Makassar. Data dianalisis dengan uji chi-square dengan kemaknaan p<0,05.
Hasil: Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara pemberian video informasi terhadap persetujuan (p=0,026) dan pemasangan (p=0,034) AKDR pascaplasenta. Video informasi memiliki pengaruh dalam meningkatkan jumlah akseptor AKDR pascaplasenta dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,018, sehingga jika bantuan video informasi meningkat maka keputusan dalam pemasangan AKDR juga meningkat.
Kesimpulan: Video informasi memiliki pengaruh dalam meningkatkan jumlah akseptor AKDR pasca plasenta.
Kata kunci: AKDR pascaplasenta, video informas
Incidence of Positive Human Papillomavirus High Risk in Negative Cytology Result: Insidensi Kejadian Human Papillomavirus RisikoTinggi Positif pada Hasil Sitologi Negatif
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Objective: This research aim is to report the incidence of positive HPV high risk in negative cytology result.
Method: We collected 83 women underwent liquid-based cytology (LBC) and HPV DNA examination at the same time. We were using DiagCor GenoFlow Human Papillomavirus Array Test (GenoFlow), a novel HPV test based on PCR and "Flow-through" hybridization that can identify 33 HPV subtypes: 18 types of High risk HPV such as 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68, 73, 81 and 82
Result: We grouped the subjects based on age below or equal to 30 years old (n=6) and above 30 years old (n=77). We found a significant difference in HPV DNA result within this group (P = 0.034), with 19.3% had HPV DNA type 16 and 18 in a group of age above 30 years old. Our study showed that 27 women (32.5%) underwent screening for cervical cancer having negative LBC result but showed positive HPV DNA positive.
Conclusion: We found a significant difference in HPV DNA test result among women above 30 years old. Co-testing of Pap and HPV DNA is needed, especially if HPV DNA type 16 and 18 were found among negative Pap results.
Keywords: Cervical cancer, HPV DNA, incidence, LBC, screening
Abstrak
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan melaporkan insidensi dari HPV risiko tinggi yang positif pada hasil sitologi negatif.
Metode: Kami mengumpulkan 83 wanita yang menjalani liquid based cytology (LBV) dan pemeriksaan HPV DNA pada waktu yang bersamaan. Dengan menggunakan DiagCor GenoFlow Human Papilloma Virus Array Test (GenoFlow), yaitu sebuah uji HPV terbaru yang berbasis PCR dan “Flow-throug†hybridization dapat mengidentifikasi 33 subtipe HPV: 18 tipe HPV risiko tinggi seperti 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68, 73, 81 dan 82.
Hasil: Kami mengelompokkan subjek berdasarkan usia dibawah atau setara 30 tahun dan diatas 30 tahun (n=77). Kami menemukan perbedaansignifikan dari hasil HPV DNA dalam kelompok ini (P=0.034), dengan 19.3% memiliki HPV DNA tipe 16 dan 18 dalam kelompok usia diatas 30 tahun. Penelitian ini menunjukkan 27 perempuan (32.5%) menjalani skrining kanker serviks memiliki hasil LBC yang negatif namun menunjukkan HPV DNA positif.
Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan signifikan dari uji HPV DNA pada wanita usia diatas 30 tahun. Pemeriksaan bersamaan antara Pap dan HPV DNA dibutuhkan terutama ketika HPV DNA tipe 16 dan 18 ditemuka pada hasil Pap negatif.
Kata kunci: HPV DNA, insidensi, kanker serviks, LBC, skrinin
The Accuracy of Modified Risk Malignancy Index (RMI) in Predicting Malignancy of Epithelial Type Ovarian Cancer: Akurasi Modifikasi Risk of Malignancy Index dalam Memprediksi Keganasan Tumor Ovarium Tipe Epitel
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Objective:To investigate the accuracy of modified Risk of Malignancy Index (RMI) in predicting malignancy of epithelial type ovarian tumour.
Method: This research was comparative research using cross-sectional study design, which compared RMI modification and RMI method in predicting malignancy of epithelial type ovarian tumour. The sampling technique was consecutive sampling. This research was conducted on October 2017 until samples were fulfilled in Obstetrics and Gynecology Division of RSUP Dr. M. Djamil and Laboratory of RSUP Dr. M Djamil in Padang. Chi-square test was used to compare specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR, and accuracy of RMI modification and RMI with 95% CI (p≤0,05).
Results: A total of 61 subjects were recruited in this study. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, PLR, NLR, and accuracy RMI modification scoring was 90.5%, 82.5%, 73.1%, 94.3%, 5.1, 0.1, dan 85.2%. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, PLR, NLR, and accuracy RMI scoring was 66.7%, 70%, 53.8%, 80%, 2.2, 0.4, and 70%
Conclusions:Modified RMI scoring method was more accurate in predicting the malignancy of ovarian type epithelial tumours than RMI.
Keywords: CA125, malignancy, ovarian tumor,pelvic mass, RMI,
Abstrak
Tujuan: Mengetahui akurasi Risk of Malignancy Index (RMI) dalam prediksi keganasan tumor ovarium tipe epitel.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian komparatif dengan desain penelitian potong lintang yang membandingkan metode RMI modifikasi dan RMI dalam prediksi keganasan tumor ovarium tipe epitel. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 61 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel berurutan. Penelitian di mulai pada bulan Oktober 2017 hingga jumlah sampel terpenuhi di Departemen Obstetri dan Ginekologi RSUP Dr. M Djamil dan Laboratorium RSUP Dr. M Djamil Padang. Untuk membandingkan spesifisitas, sensitivitas, nilai duga positif (NDP), nilai duga negatif (NDN), rasio kemungkinan positif (RKP), rasio kemungkinan negatif (RKN), dan akurasi RMI modifikasi dan RMI digunakan uji chi-square dengan 99% CI (p≤0,01).
Hasil: Sensitivitas, spesifisitas, NDP, NDN, RKP, RKN, dan akurasi skoring RMI modifikasi adalah 90,5%, 82,5%, 73,1%, 94,3%, 5,1, 0,1, dan 85,2%. Sensitivitas, spesifisitas, NDP, NDN, RKP, RKN, dan akurasi skoring RMI adalah 66,7%, 70%, 53,8%, 80%, 2,2, 0,4, dan 70%.
Kesimpulan: Metode skoring RMI modifikasi lebih akurat dalam memprediksi keganasan tumor ovarium tipe epitel dibandingkan RMI.
Kata kunci: CA125, keganasan, massapelvik, RMI, tumor ovariu
Nasal Congestion and Its Management in Pregnancy Rhinitis
Get PDFBackground: Pregnancy rhinitis occurs approximately in one-fifth of pregnancies, at almost any gestational week. The incidence rate of pregnancy rhinitis reaches up to 40%, with prevalence as high as 17%. Pathomechanism is still unclear, but it is suspected that estrogen and placental growth hormone (PGH) play roles in the development of disease. Objective: To elaborate the pathomechanism of pregnancy rhinitis and the proper management of rhinitis symptoms, particularly nasal obstruction. Methods: Literature review. Conclusion: Pregnancy rhinitis, manifested as nasal congestion, is considered a phenomenon and may become a serious condition. Persistent nasal congestion acts as a potential risk factor in affecting fetal growth and development through gradual hypoxia process. This condition can lead to various complications such as maternal hypertension, preeclampsia, impaired fetal growth, and low APGAR scores. Indepth knowledge of pathomechanism is essential as guidance to accurate treatment including conservative and pharmaca therapies, which will lead to optimal outcome for both mother and baby