University of Extremadura
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Prácticas físicas, recreativas y deportivas en la escuela primaria (De)construyendo realidades a partir de momentos de formación
No full textPara que el niño reciba una educación completa, es sumamente importante que el 1er ciclo de la educación básica cree oportunidades de aprendizaje variadas destinadas a desarrollar habilidades y adquirir competencias «clave». Las áreas de práctica física - el juego y el deporte - son esenciales para las edades tempranas, garantizando que los niños puedan potenciar su desarrollo físico-motor, emocional, cognitivo y social. en el patio del colegio, en la clase de Educación Física en las actividades extraescolares y en las Escuelas Deportivas, momentos que muchas veces resultan de asociaciones existentes con Clubes Locales y Asociaciones Deportivas, veremos al niño adquirir y desarrollar un repertorio de movimiento(s) con significado para la práctica futura a realizar a lo largo de la vida. A través de la formación científica y pedagógica de los educadores/profesores, buscamos recuperar las prácticas que tienen lugar en las escuelas públicas de una región, como resultado de las políticas educativas y deportivas de los últimos años. En este estudio cualitativo, nuestro objetivo es comprender la inversión que se realiza en la comunidad escolar - formación, cooperación, evaluación, estrategias de promoción y refuerzo de los recursos destinados a las prácticas físicas, recreativas y deportivas, teniendo en cuenta las necesidades educativas más recientes.
En este estudio cualitativo, nuestro objetivo es comprender la inversión que se realiza en la comunidad escolar - formación, cooperación, evaluación, estrategias de promoción y refuerzo de los recursos destinados a las prácticas físicas, recreativas y deportivas, teniendo en cuenta las necesidades educativas más recientes. Cabe destacar que la lucha contra la falta de actividad física diaria y el creciente analfabetismo motor, resultado de condicionantes como el sedentarismo excesivo, la dependencia de las pantallas y la sobrealimentación, aumentan actualmente los condicionantes provocados por el período pandémico. Este estudio descriptivo e interpretativo se basará en las narraciones de los profesionales, fruto de su observación en un contexto educativo realizado por un grupo de internos ubicados en la escuela. Buscamos analizar las observaciones y reflexiones presentadas en pequeños estudios empíricos, realizados durante la formación inicial de educadores y profesores, comparándolas con documentos normativos y legislativos.
A partir de este análisis, se consolidó la percepción de que las Prácticas Físicas, Lúdicas y Deportivas ofrecidas en Escuelas de 1er Ciclo de esta región tuvieron un impacto muy favorable en la vida de las personas y educadores (profesionales y familias) legitimando este compromiso con el fortalecimiento de la educación de sus hijos.For a child’s complete education, it is extremely important that the 1st cycle of basic education creates varied learning opportunities aimed at developing skills and acquiring “key” skills. The areas of physical practice - play and sports - are essential for early ages, ensuring that children can enhance their physical-motor, emotional, cognitive and social development. In the school playground, in Physical Education class, in extracurricular activities and Sports Schools, moments that often result from existing partnerships with Local Clubs and Sports Associations, we will see the child acquiring and developing a repertoire of movement(s) with meaning for future practice to be carried out throughout life. Throughout the scientific and pedagogical training of educators/teachers, we seek to recover practices that take place in public schools in a region, as a result of educational and sports policies in recent years.
In this qualitative study, our objective is to understand the investment that is made within the school community– training, cooperation, evaluation, promotional strategies and reinforcement of resources aimed at physical, recreational and sporting practices, taking into account the most recent educational needs. It should be noted that the fight against the lack of daily physical activity and growing motor illiteracy, the result of constraints such as excessive sedentary lifestyle, dependence on screens and overeating, is currently increasing the constraints caused by the pandemic period.
This descriptive and interpretative study will be based on narratives from professionals, the result of their observation in an educational context carried out by a group of interns placed at the school. We sought to analyze the observations and reflections presented in small empirical studies, carried out during the initial training of educators and teachers, comparing them with normative and legislative documents. From this analysis, we consolidated the perception that the Physical, Playful and Sports Practices offered in 1st Cycle Schools in this region had a very favorable impact on the lives of individuals and educators (professionals and families) legitimizing this commitment to strengthening the education of your children.Para uma educação completa da criança é de extrema importância que na escola do 1.º ciclo do ensino básico se criem oportunidades de aprendizagem variadas e orientadas para o desenvolvimento de capacidades e aquisição de competências “chave”. As áreas de prática física - lúdica e desportiva são fulcrais para as primeiras idades, garantindo à criança o potenciar do seu desenvolvimento físico-motor, emocional, cognitivo e sociais. No recreio escolar, na aula de Educação Física, nas atividades extracurriculares e Escolinhas de Desporto, momentos que muitas vezes decorrem de parecerias existentes com Clubes locais e Associações Desportivas, veremos a criança a adquirir e a desenvolver um repertório de movimento(s) com significado para uma prática futura a realizar ao longo da vida. Ao longo da formação científica e pedagógica de educadores/ professores temos tentado recuperar práticas que decorrem em escolas públicas de uma região, fruto de políticas educativas e desportiva dos últimos anos. Neste estudo qualitativo, o nosso objetivo é conhecer o investimento que é realizado junto da comunidade escolar – formações, cooperações, avaliação, estratégias promotoras e reforço de recursos orientados para práticas físicas, lúdicas e desportivas, tendo em conta as mais recentes necessidades educacionais. Realce-se que ao combate à falta de atividade física quotidiana e ao analfabetismo motor crescentes, fruto de constrangimentos como o excesso de sedentarismo - fruto da dependência de écrans e dos excessos alimentares, acresce atualmente os constrangimentos deixados pelo período pandémico.
Este estudo descritivo e interpretativo irá basear-se em narrativas de profissionais, fruto da sua observação em contexto educativo levada acabo por um grupo de estagiários colocados em escolas. Procurámos analisar as observações e reflexões, apresentadas em pequenos estudos empíricos, realizadas aquando da formação inicial de educadores e professores, confrontando-as com documentos normativos e legislativos.
Desta análise, consolidamos a perceção de que as Prática Físicas, Lúdicas e Desportivas oferecidas nas Escolas do 1.º Ciclo desta região têm tido um impacto muito favorável na vida dos indivíduos e os educadores (profissionais e familiares) legitimam esse empenho no reforço da educação das suas crianças.Este trabalho foi financiado por Fundos Nacionais através da FCT – Fundação para a
Ciência e a Tecnologia no âmbito do projeto do CIEC (Centro de Investigação em Estudos da Criança da
Universidade do Minho) com a referência UIDB/00317/2020 e UIDP/00317/2020peerReviewe
Effect of small-sided games on coordination, CODA, goal-shooting speed and declarative knowledge in U-12 football players
No full textEn los últimos años ha habido un gran aumento en el número de investigaciones sobre los juegos reducidos, sin embargo, este crecimiento no ha sido el mismo en el estudio de los juegos reducidos en etapas formativas. Por esto, la investigación actual tiene como objetivo medir el efecto de un programa de entrenamiento de ocho sesiones basado en los juegos reducidos, según el espacio estipulado en la investigación de Owen et al. (2004), sobre la coordinación, los cambios de dirección, la velocidad de tiro a portería y el conocimiento declarativo sobre la defensa zonal de 27 futbolistas de categorías sub-12, perteneciendo 15 jugadores al grupo experimental y 12 al grupo control. Para ello se utilizaron un test sobre el conocimiento declarativo realizado mediante la aplicación Kahoot, el test SportComp, el test MAT T con y sin balón, y un test de tiro a portería mediante la aplicación móvil Adidas micoach smartball con un balón inteligente que recogía los datos mediante sensores. Se encontraron mejoras significativas (p ≤ .05) en el grupo experimental en la coordinación, los cambios de dirección y el conocimiento declarativo. A raíz de esos resultados, se puede considerar a la metodología basada en juegos reducidos como un método adecuado y favorable para las variables que son objeto de estudio en futbolistas de categorías sub-12.In recent years there has been a large increase in the number of investigations on small-sided games, however, this growth has not been the same for the study of small-sided games in formative stages. Thus, the present research aims to measure the effect of an eight session training programme based on small-sided games, according to the space stipulated in the research by Owen et al. (2004), on the coordination, change of direction agility, goal shooting speed and declarative knowledge about zonal defence of 27 U-12 football players, 15 players belonged to the experimental group and 12 to the control group.. A declarative knowledge test using the Kahoot application, the SportComp test, the MAT T test with and without the ball and a goal shooting test using the Adidas micoach smartball mobile application with a smart ball that collected data via sensors were used. Significant improvements (p ≤ .05) were found in the experimental group in coordination, change of direction agility and declarative knowledge. Based on these results, the methodology based on reduced games can be considered as an adequate and favorable method for the variables under study in U-12 soccer players.peerReviewe
Desarrollo de algoritmos para el procesamiento de datos en sensores de bajo coste en aplicaciones de calidad del aire
No full textPrograma de Doctorado en Ingenierías Industriales (R024)
Tesis por compendio de publicacionesEste estudio muestra cómo gran parte de Europa superó en 2022 los valores límite establecidos para los contaminantes atmosféricos (PM10, PM2.5, NO2 y O3). Este efecto fue acusado en la región suroeste de Europa, donde factores naturales y humanos contribuyeron a la contaminación, como se aprecia en la situación en Madrid en 2019. Entre los factores de origen natural se encuentra la alta radiación solar y las elevadas temperaturas, que favorecen la formación de ozono en la troposfera. Además, existe la entrada de polvo procedente del desierto africano, que produce episodios de altos niveles de materia particulada. Entre los factores humanos que empeoraron la calidad del aire en el suroeste europeo encontramos el uso de calefacciones de gasoil, estufas de leña, quema de rastrojos e incendios recurrentes, que constituyen fuentes no controladas de emisión de PM y NO2. A esto se suma la suspensión de polvo en los terrenos áridos de la región debido a corrientes de aire y al paso de vehículos pesados en caminos y carreteras no asfaltadas.This study shows how much of Europe will exceed the limit values for air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, NO2 and O3) in 2022. This effect is most pronounced in south-western Europe, where natural and human factors contribute to pollution, as shown by the situation in Madrid in 2019. Natural factors include high levels of solar radiation and high temperatures, which favour the formation of ozone in the troposphere. There is also the influx of dust from the African desert, which causes episodes of high particulate matter. Human factors that worsen air quality in south-western Europe include the use of oil heaters, wood-burning stoves, stubble burning and recurrent fires, which are uncontrolled sources of PM and NO2 emissions. In addition, dust is suspended in the region's arid terrain due to air currents and the passage of heavy vehicles on unpaved roads and motorways.Proyecto NanoSen-AQM. financiado por el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (Comisión Europea) a través del V Programa Interreg Sudoe mediante el acuerdo de subvención número GA SOE2/P1/E056
Educational efficiency across Spanish regions: a comparative analysis over time
No full textThe present study aims to assess the performance of Spanish regional education systems using data from the last waves of the Programme for International Student Assessment dataset (2018 and 2022) to explore how productivity gaps across regions change over time. To do this, we apply a robust version of the base-group base-period Luenberger index, which allows us to estimate and compare the performance of schools from different groups (regions in our case), assuming they use different technology of production. Consequently, we can compare the technical and efficiency gaps between regions, to identify the best performers (benchmark) and explain the gaps in terms of efficiency change (catching-up effect) and technological change. The results show that all Spanish regions have experienced a deterioration in their performance over time, thus confirming the expected negative effect of the school closures caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there are notable differences in the evolution experienced by the different regions, which allow us to draw several relevant conclusions for the design of educational policies.Gabriela Sicilia and Rosa Simancas acknowledge financial support from Fundación Ramón Areces and from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades) through grant PID2023-147616NB-100. Gabriela Sicilia also acknowledges financial support from the FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P. (Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology) within the project eduBEST, with reference 2022.08686.PTDC.peerReviewe
A new plant genus and species from south-eastern Spain: Castrila latens (Rubieae, Rubiaceae)
No full textInformación suplementaria en, https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.13181Se describe por primera vez un nuevo género y especie, Castrila latens, originaria del sureste de la Península Ibérica y se compara con sus parientes más cercanos. La planta se caracteriza por ser anual, glabra, con hojas reduplicadas en verticilos de (5)6–7, inflorescencias capitadas e involucradas, corola brevemente hipocrateriforme y blanca, con tubo doliiforme amarillento, estambres incluidos, y ovario y mericarpios densamente papilosos. Se trata de una planta endémica que vive en las montañas calcáreas de Sierra Seca, Sierra de Castril y Sierra de la Cabrilla, entre 1800 y 2100 m de altitud, en las provincias de Granada y Jaén (Andalucía oriental, España). Para este género y especie, se proporciona una descripción, una ilustración, un mapa de distribución, el número cromosómico, la evaluación del estado de conservación, una estimación del sistema de reproducción y su colocación en el árbol filogenético de Rubieae.A new genus and species, Castrila latens, native to the south-eastern Iberian Peninsula, is described here for the first time and compared with its closest relatives. The plant is characterized by being annual, glabrous, having reduplicate leaves in whorls of (5)6–7, inflorescences capitate and involucrate, corolla shortly hypocrateriform and white, with yellowish doliiform tube, stamens included, and ovary and mericarps densely papillose. An endemic plant, it grows on the calcareous mountains of the Sierra Seca, Sierra de Castril, and Sierra de la Cabrilla, between 1800 and 2100 m of elevation, in the Granada and Jaén provinces (eastern Andalusia, Spain). For this genus and species, a description, an illustration, a distribution map, the chromosome number, the assessment of the conservation status, an estimate of the breeding system, and the situation in the Rubieae phylogenetic tree are provided.peerReviewe
Between threads and vignettes: semiotics as a bridge between fashion and graphic storytelling
No full textLa interacción entre moda, cómic y semiótica es un campo de estudio multidisciplinar que examina cómo la moda y los elementos visuales del cómic se entrelazan con la semántica para transmitir significados y mensajes. Tanto la moda como el cómic usan símbolos, colores y estilos para comunicar ideas y emociones, mientras que la semiótica analiza cómo estos elementos adquieren significado dentro de un contexto cultural y social. Este enfoque permite comprender cómo los cómics y la moda se retroalimentan para narrar historias y explorar temas relacionados con la identidad, el poder y la sociedad contemporánea. El estudio de esta relación ofrece perspectivas únicas sobre la influencia y el impacto de la moda y el cómic en la cultura moderna.The interaction between fashion, comics and semiotics is a multidisciplinary field of study that examines how fashion and the visual elements of comics intertwine with semantics to convey meanings and messages. Both fashion and comics use symbols, colors, and styles to communicate ideas and emotions, while semiotics analyzes how these elements acquire meaning within a cultural and social context. This approach provides insight into how comics and fashion feed back into each other to tell stories and explore themes related to identity, power and contemporary society. The study of this relationship offers unique insights into the influence and impact of fashion and comics on modern culture.peerReviewe
Analysis of Deforestation and Water Quality in the Talgua River Watershed (Honduras): Ecosystem Approach Based on the DPSIR Model
No full textWith increasing urbanization and industrialization, soil and forest resources are facing considerable pressure, as well as the demand for water for domestic, agricultural, and industrial activities. Therefore, it is essential to conduct regular assessments of water quality and ensure that water is consistently maintained in the context of ecosystem services (ESs). Our objective was to apply the driving forces–pressures–state–impacts–responses (DPSIR) model to understand the cause–effect relationships and interactions with anthropogenic pressures on deforestation and water quality in the Talgua River watershed and associated valley and plain areas in central-eastern Honduras. Physicochemical and microbiological analyses were conducted to determine the water quality index (NSF–WQI) and other contamination indexes. The results identified high contamination by coliforms, up to 920.00 NPM/100 mL, and high levels of contamination by organic matter (ICOMO, 0.65), solids (ICOSUS, 0.79), mineralization (ICOMI, 0.99), and the presence of bacteria (BPI, 8.50), as well as the development of eutrophication processes (ICOTRO), resulting in generally low water quality. These problems were caused by the socio-demographic and economic growth of the area, as well as the high demand for water, vulnerability to climate change, and intense agro-livestock and industrial activity, which led to deforestation processes, changes in land use, and contamination of natural water bodies that impacted the overexploitation of aquifers. After applying the DPSIR model, strategies are proposed for the management and administration of the watershed aimed at preserving the water, soils, and forest resources, while promoting stakeholder, business, education sector, and public administration participation.peerReviewe
Unbounded generalized B-Fredholm operators
No full textIn this paper, we investigate a new class of unbounded linear operators, that is, the unbounded generalized B-Fredholm operators in Banach space. More explicitly, we provide a characterization of this class of operators and some of its basic properties on a Banach space. Moreover, we study the generalized B-Fredholm spectrum and we prove a perturbation result of an unbounded generalized B-Fredholm operator under a commuting power finite-rank operator.peerReviewe
Comparative study of mental arithmetic, problem solving and attitude towards mathematics in students of third cycle of primary education
No full textActualmente, la enseñanza tradicional de las matemáticas está siendo cuestionada debido a la alta prevalencia de dificultades de aprendizaje en esta materia a lo largo del recorrido escolar. Por ello, están surgiendo nuevas metodologías de enseñanza alternativas, como el método Abierto Basado en Números (ABN) centrado en la comprensión profunda de los contenidos, la flexibilidad en los cálculos y la adaptación a los ritmos de aprendizaje de cada alumno. Para analizar las contribuciones de esta metodología innovadora, este estudio compara a dos grupos de estudiantes de último ciclo de Educación Primaria: un grupo instruido a través del método ABN (grupo ABN) y el otro a través de una metodología tradicional (grupo no-ABN). Se evaluó a un total de 244 participantes, de los cuales 139 conformaron el grupo no-ABN y 105 el grupo ABN. Las variables evaluadas fueron: el cálculo mental, la resolución de problemas y la actitud o predisposición con respecto a la materia. Los resultados indicaron que, en el grupo ABN, el rendimiento de los niños era significativamente mejor en las variables de cálculo mental y resolución de problemas, es decir, que tenían menos dificultades en estas áreas en comparación con los niños que recibían una enseñanza de enfoque tradicional. Además, los resultados también mostraron que los alumnos del grupo ABN tenían una actitud o predisposición ligeramente más positiva hacia las matemáticas que los alumnos del grupo no-ABN, aunque las diferencias no fueron estadísticamente significativas. Los resultados del presente estudio son alentadores y animan a continuar fomentando la renovación metodológica en el aula con el fin de disminuir las dificultades de aprendizaje en las matemáticas y mejorar el rendimiento matemático general de los alumnos.Due to the high prevalence of learning difficulties in mathematics, traditional teaching is currently being challenged. As a result, new alternative teaching methodologies are emerging, such as the Open Algorithm Based on Numbers (ABN) method, which focuses on deep understanding of content, flexibility in calculations and adaptation to the learning pace of each student. To analyse this innovative methodology contributions, this study compares two groups of students in the last cycle of Primary Education: one group instructed through the ABN method (ABN group) and the other through a traditional methodology (non-ABN group). A total of 244 participants were assessed, of whom 139 were in the non-ABN group and 105 in the ABN group. Three variables were assessed: mental arithmetic, problem-solving and attitude towards the subject. The results indicated that, ABN group scored higher in mental arithmetic and problem-solving tasks, i.e. they had fewer difficulties in these areas compared to the children who were taught with a traditional approach. In addition, the results also showed that ABN group scored slightly better than non-ABN group in attitude toward mathematics task, but the differences were not statistically significant. This study results encourage to continue promoting methodological renewal in schools in order to reduce learning difficulties in mathematics and improve students overall mathematical achievement.peerReviewe
Improving wine fermentation efficiency of Torulaspora delbrueckii by increasing the ploidy of yeast inocula
No full textEl ciclo de vida de la mayoría de las levaduras no convencionales, como Torulaspora delbrueckii (Td), no se comprende tan bien como el de Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc). Generalmente se supone que Td es haploide, lo que resta valor a algunas propiedades biotecnológicas en comparación con las cepas diploides Sc. Analizamos el ciclo de vida de varias cepas de vino Td y descubrimos que eran principalmente diploides durante el crecimiento exponencial en medio rico. Sin embargo, la mayoría de las células se volvieron haploides en la fase estacionaria, como se observó en las cepas heterotálicas haploides Sc. Cuando se transfirieron e incubaron en medios deficientes en nutrientes, estas células haploides se volvieron polimórficas, aumentaron de tamaño y pasaron a estados diploides o poliploides. El aumento de la ploidía, que resulta principalmente de mitosis supernumeraria sin citocinesis, fue seguido por la esporulación. Se observó una respuesta similar en las levaduras que permanecieron vivas durante la segunda fermentación del vino base para la elaboración de vino espumoso, o durante el crecimiento en medio suplementado con etanol. Esta respuesta no se observó en las poblaciones de levadura Sc bajo ninguna de las condiciones experimentales ensayadas, lo que sugiere que se trata de una adaptación específica de Td a las condiciones estresantes de la fermentación. Esta respuesta permite que las levaduras Td permanezcan vivas y metabólicamente activas durante más tiempo durante la fermentación del vino. En consecuencia, diseñamos procedimientos para aumentar el tamaño celular y la ploidía de cepas haploides de Td. Los inóculos de Td con mayor ploidía mostraron una mayor eficiencia de fermentación en comparación con los inóculos haploides de las mismas cepas.The life cycle of most non-conventional yeasts, such as Torulaspora delbrueckii (Td), is not as well-understood as that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc). Td is generally assumed to be haploid, which detracts from some biotechnological properties compared to diploid Sc strains. We analyzed the life cycle of several Td wine strains and found that they were mainly diploid during exponential growth in rich medium. However, most cells became haploid in stationary phase, as observed for Sc haploid heterothallic strains. When transferred and incubated in nutrient-deficient media, these haploid cells became polymorphic, enlarged, and transitioned to diploid or polyploid states. The increased ploidy, that mainly results from supernumerary mitosis without cytokinesis, was followed by sporulation. A similar response was observed in yeasts that remained alive during the second fermentation of base wine for sparkling wine making, or during growth in ethanol-supplemented medium. This response was not observed in the Sc yeast populations under any of the experimental conditions assayed, which suggests that it is a specific adaptation of Td to the stressful fermentation conditions. This response allows Td yeasts to remain alive and metabolically active longer during wine fermentation. Consequently, we designed procedures to increase the cell size and ploidy of haploid Td strains. Td inocula with increased ploidy showed enhanced fermentation efficiency compared to haploid inocula of the same strains.This work was funded by grants GR21062 from Junta de Extrem adura, AGL2017-87635-R from MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (co-funded by ERDF A way of making Europe), and IB20069 from Junta de Extremadura (co-funded by FEDER from EU).peerReviewe