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Challenges and opportunities of short food supply chains in Spain: A stakeholder participatory study
No full textEn la distribución alimentaria, están surgiendo tendencias que buscan reducir el número de agentes involucrados, promoviendo las cadenas cortas de suministro (CCS). En respuesta a ello, el objetivo de esta investigación es doble: analizar el nivel de conocimiento, uso y disposición a pagar de los consumidores por los productos distribuidos a través de las CCS y, a partir de la información obtenida, analizar los problemas que enfrentan los productores que utilizan estos canales con el fin de utilizarlos para diseñar estrategias que ayuden al sector productivo. Se empleó un enfoque cualitativo y se organizaron 12 grupos de discusión con consumidores y productores de diversas localidades españolas, que se debatieron entre marzo y julio de 2022. Los resultados revelan que productores y consumidores reconocen los beneficios de estos canales, pero señalan barreras como la falta de información al consumidor y las dificultades de acceso. Los consumidores se muestran menos inclinados a comprar en CCS, especialmente en productos delicados (carnes) o poco frecuentes (vino), prefiriendo los supermercados. Finalmente, los participantes destacan el precio y las dificultades del canal online como principales limitaciones, compartidas por los productores. Para promover los circuitos cortos de suministro de alimentos, es fundamental superar las barreras identificadas en este estudio mediante la implementación de estrategias centradas en la información, la accesibilidad, la competitividad de precios y la optimización del proceso de compra. Estas acciones no solo ofrecerán ventajas tanto a consumidores como a productores, sino que también impulsarán la economía local. Además, los hallazgos de este estudio pueden contribuir al diseño de políticas públicas que promuevan los circuitos cortos de suministro de alimentos y fomenten su adopción.In food distribution, trends are emerging that seek to reduce the number of agents involved, promoting short supply chains (SFSCs). In response to that, the objective of this research is double: analysing the level of consumer awareness, use and willingness to pay for products being distributed through SFSCs and on the basis of the information obtained, analysing the issues that producers employing these channels are facing with the aim of using this information to design strategies to help the production sector. We have employed a qualitative approach and organised 12 focus groups including consumers and producers from various Spanish towns, with discussions being carried out between March and July 2022. The outcomes reveal that, producers and consumers recognize benefits in these channels but note barriers like lack of consumer information and access inconveniences. Consumers show less inclination for SFSC purchases, especially for delicate (meats) or infrequent (wine) products, preferring supermarkets. Finally, the participants highlight price and online channel inconvenience as main limitations, echoed by producers. In order to promote short food supply chains, it would be essential to overcome the barriers identified in this study by implementing strategies focused on information, accessibility, price competitiveness and optimisation of the purchasing process. These actions will not only offer advantages to both consumers and producers, but will also boost the local economy. In addition, this study's findings can help in the design of public policies that promote SFSCs and encourage their adoption.This research was funded by the Junta de Extremadura (Spain) and European Regional Development Fund (FEDER), grant number IB20032.peerReviewe
El complejo proceso de inclusión y asentamiento del helenismo "at(h)leta" en el español desde el siglo XV a principios del XVII
No full textNuestro trabajo pretende ofrecer una síntesis del complejo proceso por el cual el término at(h)leta no llegó a ser utilizado en la lengua española con relativa frecuencia hasta finales del siglo XVI y principios del XVII. En primer lugar, se expone cómo pudo retrasar su inserción y asiento la preferencia, entre los traductores, por la noción de atleta que reflejan muchos textos latinos, esto es, como aquel que compite o es experto en una modalidad luctatoria, y que llevó a aquellos a servirse recurrentemente de la palabra patrimonial luchador; en segundo lugar, se muestran algunos testimonios sueltos de at(h)leta extraídos de tratados médicos que aparecen cuando se tratan aspectos dietéticos o de salud; y, en tercer lugar, se revela el papel crucial que jugaron en el asiento del término dos importantes figuras literarias, Juan de Castellanos y, especialmente, Lope de Vega, no solo al incorporarlo con frecuencia a sus obras, sino también al imprimirle nuevos matices.Our study tries to offer a synthesis of the complex process by which the word at(h)leta wasn’t used relatively often until the late 16th and early 17th centuries in the Spanish language. Firstly, it exposes how the fact that translaters preferred the notion of athlete which many Latin texts reflects, that is, as someone who competes or is an expert in a fighting event, could delay its inclusion and settlement which is how it appears in many Latin texts, resulting in the frequent use of the native Spanish word luchador. Secondly, it shows a few testimonies of at(h)leta in some treatises on medicine when dietary and health aspects are treated. Thirdly, it reveals the very crucial role which two literary authors, Juan de Castellanos and specially Lope de Vega, played on the settlement of the word, not only by frequently incorporating it frequently into their works, but also by giving it new meanings.peerReviewe
Presentación [de Anuario de la Facultad de Derecho. Universidad de Extremadura Nº 40 (2024)]
No full textLa Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad de Extremadura elabora la cuadragésima edición de su Anuario (AFDUEx), correspondiente al año 2024. En ella, se continua la tendencia de las anteriores ediciones incluyendo un recopilatorio de trabajos académicos, investigadores o jurisprudenciales de prestigiosos nombres relacionados con el ámbito jurídico junto a otras secciones, no de menor importancia, como son las recensiones bibliográficas, congresos, conferencias y crónicas académicas de la Facultad. Dichos trabajos gozan de una contrastada calidad al ser revisados por pares elevando el prestigio y reputación del AFDUEx.notPeerReviewe
Lagarteiro, Mañego, Valverdeiro: beliefs and attitudes towards dialectal variation
No full textEl presente artículo analiza las percepciones sobre la variación dialectal en el val de Xálima, donde se emplean tres variedades adscritas al tronco gallego-portugués: lagarteiro en Eljas (As Ellas), mañego en San Martín de Trevejo (San Martín de Trebe-llu/Trevellu) y valverdeiro en Valverde del Fresno (Valverdi do Fresnu). Para ello, analizamos los datos extraídos de un cuestionario de usos, actitudes y creencias, con el propósito de obtener algunas conclusiones en torno a la normativización y estandarización de estas variedades, ámbitos en los que se están dando los primeros pasos.This article analyses perceptions of dialectal variation in the Xálima valley, where three varieties belonging to the Galician-Portuguese family are used: Lagarteiro in Eljas (As Ellas), Mañego in San Martín de Trevejo (San Martín de Trebellu/Trevellu) and Valverdeiro in Valverde del Fresno (Valverdi do Fresnu). For this purpose, we examine the data from a questionnaire on uses, attitudes and beliefs, with the aim of drawing some conclusions about the normativization and standardisation of these varieties, areas in which the first steps are being taken.peerReviewe
Emociones, conflictos y afectos en la distancia. De la Isla de León (Cádiz) a Veracruz/Jalapa. Siglo XVIII
No full textLa aproximación a las emociones, los sentimientos personales (tanto conflictivos como afectivos), desde una perspectiva histórica, no es tarea fácil, pese a que las fuentes y la metodología precisas para abordar esta tarea de indagación se han ido calibrando en gran medida y de forma muy positiva en los últimos veinte años. Dentro de ellas, la correspondencia personal se ha ido visualizando como una alternativa muy viable, que está aportando resultados más que satisfactorios. En el presente trabajo analizamos una colección epistolar compuesta por 32 misivas que en el último tercio del siglo XVIII (1774-1777) envió la gaditana Catalina Gral desde la Isla de León a su marido, emigrado a México. Se trata de un material excepcional por muchas razones, pero sobre todo porque salió de manos de una mujer que sin intermediación alguna se comunica directamente a través de la escritura con el esposo. Vuelca sus sentimientos, emociones complejas, llenas de matices, que vamos desentrañando desde sus escritos personales, íntimos y afectivos, repletos de carga emocional.Este trabajo se enmarca en el proyecto I+D+i Pasiones y afectos en femenino. Europa y América, siglos XVII-XX. Perspectivas Históricas y Literarias, financiado por el Gobierno de Espafia, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) referencia PID2020-n3063RB-Ioo. Así mismo se beneficia de la cobertura científica proporcionada por el Grupo de Investigación GEHSOMP (Grupo de Estudios de Historia Social del Occidente Moderno Peninsular).peerReviewe
Spanish teachers’ beliefs about plurilingualism: a case study in a monolingual context
No full textIn Spain, the learning of foreign languages has become one of the most interesting educational challenges in recent decades. Regulatory changes have been proposed to align with the Council of Europe’s language policy, which aims to promote plurilingualism and pluriculturalism among European Union citizens. Although the development of plurilingual competence in students has become a key goal, there is little evidence regarding the beliefs of current teachers, especially in monolingual contexts, where multilingualism is mainly developed through instruction. This study involved 307 teachers who taught languages or subjects in a foreign language. The results reveal beliefs about the promotion of plurilingualism, the objectives of language learning, the importance of plurilingual competence, and its characterization that at times do not align with the European language policy and its approach to plurilingualism, though there is agreement on other issues. Among the variables analyzed, two variables—academic training and the number of languages known—were found to significantly influence the beliefs revealed.This research was funded by the Regional Ministry of Economy, Science and the Digital Agenda of the Regional Government of Extremadura (Consejería de Economía, Ciencia y Agenda Digital de la Junta de Extremadura), grant number IB20074, and by European Union.peerReviewe
Analysis of the competitive demands in 7-a-side football players with cerebral palsy
No full textInertial devices allow for obtaining a large amount of information related to external load during official competitions. The study aimed to analyse fatigue in different functional classification players of a Football 7-a-side for people with cerebral palsy or acquired brain injury team, considering the movements, speed changes and impacts during the 2020 Spanish National League matches (n = 12). The analyzed independent variables were the different functional classifications (FC) of the players, FC1, FC2 and FC3, and also time. Regarding the dependent variables, kinematic objective external load (displacements and speed changes), and neuromuscular objective external load (impacts) were considered. This study is an empirical investigation that follows an associative and descriptive analysis, ANOVA test, and a Bonferroni post hoc test (multiple comparisons) were carried out between the external load variables based on FC and time. The results show differences between FC1 for people with greater functional limitation to FC3, and athletes with less functional limitation depending on the time of the match. FC2 players presented greater competitive demands in specific moments of the match than FC3 athletes because of the requirements of the competition. Furthermore, evaluating different FC players with inertial devices in official competitions provides useful information regarding the demands of Fa7PC players, which is fundamental for daily training tasks management and injury risk prevention in Fa7PC. The large number of variables associated with inertial devices data collection during training sessions and official competitions in Fa7PC allows us to understand the demands of CP players, as well as how to make decisions during the games and training process, namely for reducing the injury risk.This study was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P. under Grant UID04045/2020 and Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal. Also, the research was partially funded by the GOERD of the University of Extremadura and the Research Vicerectory of Universidad Nacional. This study has been partially supported by the funding for research groups (GR21149) granted by the Government of Extremadura (Employment and infrastructure office—Consejería de Empleo e Infraestructuras), with the contribution of the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) by the Optimisation of Training and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD) of the Faculty of Sports Sciences of the University of Extremadura. Also, the author José M. Gamonales was supported by a grant from the Requalification Program of the Spanish University System, Field of Knowledge: Biomedical (MS-18).peerReviewe
Incorporating Artificial Intelligence into Finance: A Bibliometric Analysis
No full textThe aim of this study is to carry out an analysis of the intellectual structure of the introduction of AI into finance, in the period from 1995 to 2023, using SciMAT v.1.1.04 software. The
results indicate how research on the incorporation of AI in finance has grown significantly, which
shows the evolution and importance of this area of research. Eight main topics were obtained in this
area: bank, prediction, impact, decision, valuesstock, genetic algorithm, big data analysis, and social
data analysis. This study shows us how the incorporation of AI can strongly support the analysis of
different financial situations such as decision making or the prediction of movements.peerReviewe
Life cycle assessment of a LiFePO₄ cylindrical battery
No full textReduction of the environmental impact, energy efficiency and optimization of material resources are basic aspects in the design and sizing of a battery. The objective of this study was to identify and characterize the environmental impact associated with the life cycle of a 7.47 Wh 18,650 cylindrical single-cell LiFePO₄ battery. Life cycle assessment (LCA), the SimaPro 9.1 software package, the Ecoinvent 3.5 database and the ReCiPe 2016 impact assessment method were used for this purpose. Environmental impacts were modelled and quantified using the dual midpoint-endpoint approach and the “cradle-to-gate” model. The results showed the electrodes to be the battery components with the highest environmental impact (41.36% of the total), with the negative electrode being the most unfavourable (29.8 mPt). The ageing, calibration and testing process (53.97 mPt) accounts for 97.21% of the total impact associated with the production process’s consumption of energy, and 41.20% of the total impact associated with the battery. This new knowledge will allow a more detailed view of the environmental impact of cylindrical cell LiFePO₄ batteries, favouring the identification of critical points to enhance their sustainable production.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This study has been carried out through Research Projects 0475_LOCALCIR_4_E founded by Interreg VA Espana-Portugal Program. The authors wish to acknowledge the European Regional Development Fund for the financial support provided through Research Project GR21098 linked to the VI Regional Plan for Research, Technical Development and Innovation from the Regional Government of Extremadura.peerReviewe
Histological and scanning electron microscope observations on the developing retina of the cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis Linnaeus, 1758)
No full textIn this work we present a detailed study of the major events during retinal histogenesis of the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis from early embryos to newly hatched animals and juveniles. For this purpose, we carried out morphometric and histological analyses using light and scanning electron microscopy. From St19, the first embryonic stage analysed, to St23/24 the embryonic retina is composed of a pseudostratified epithelium showing abundant mitotic figures in the more internal surface. At St24 the first photoreceptor nuclei appear in the presumptive inner segment layer, while an incipient layer of apical processes of the future rhabdomeric layer become visible at St25. From this stage onwards, both the rhabdomeric layer and the inner segment layer increase in size until postnatal ages. In contrast, the width of the supporting cell layer progressively decreases from St25/26 until postnatal ages. S. officinalis embryos hatched in a morphologically advanced state, showing a differentiated retina even in the last stages of the embryonic period. However, features of immaturity are still observable in the retinal tissue during the first postnatal weeks of life, such as the existence of mitotic figures in the apical region of the supporting cell layer and migrating nuclei of differentiating photoreceptors crossing the basal membrane to reach their final location in the inner segment layer. Therefore, postnatal retinal neurogenesis is present in juvenile specimens of S. officinalis.This work was supported by grants from the Junta de Extremadura, Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, “Una manera de hacer Europa”
(GR18114, GR21167, IB18113). The authors acknowledge the support of the Servicio de An´alisis y Caracterizaci´on de S´olidos y Superficies (SACSS)
from the Servicios de Apoyo a la Investigaci´on de la Universidad de Extremadura (SAIUEX), specially to María Carbajo for her excellent technical advice with the SEM.peerReviewe