University of Extremadura
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Emprendimientos financiados por las cajas solidarias y bancos comunales de la provincia de Cotopaxi. Análisis de su impacto en las condiciones socioeconómicas de los socios emprendedores
No full textPrograma de doctorado en Economía y EmpresaLas Cajas Solidarias y Bancos Comunales del Ecuador se crearon para otorgar créditos que fomentasen emprendimientos en sectores productivos, agrícolas y comerciales con el objetivo de mejorar el desarrollo económico y social de las comunidades. La presente investigación se centró en evaluar el impacto de estas entidades en las condiciones socioeconómicas de los socios emprendedores en la provincia de Cotopaxi. Para establecer una base epistemológica sólida, se exploró el concepto de Economía Popular y Solidaria, y se analizaron las teorías del emprendimiento. Además, se realizó un diagnóstico inicial, el cuál reveló que los socios emprendedores tenían dificultades en la gestión de sus emprendimientos. Posteriormente, se evaluaron los modelos de medición de impacto existentes, y se llevaron a cabo dos estudios empíricos: un estudio basado en la Teoría del Cambio, dirigido a evaluar de forma cualitativa el impacto de las intervenciones propuestas en la mejora de la gestión de los emprendimientos de los socios, y, por consiguiente, del éxito de los mismos, favoreciendo así una mejora de las condiciones de vida de los socios; y, en segundo lugar, un estudio cuantitativo con un Modelo Logit dirigido a evaluar el impacto generado por los créditos otorgados por las Cajas Solidarias y Bancos Comunales de Cotopaxi en sus socios emprendedores. Los resultados de este estudio, utilizando una muestra de 358 socios, permitieron corroborar que los socios con emprendimientos financiados por las Cajas Solidarias y Bancos Comunales aumentaban en 6 veces la probabilidad de que sus variables socioeconómicas mejorasen.The Solidarity Funds and Community Banks of Ecuador were created to provide loans that promote entrepreneurship in productive, agricultural, and commercial sectors with the aim of improving the economic and social development of communities. This research focused on evaluating the impact of these entities on the socioeconomic conditions of entrepreneurial members in the province of Cotopaxi. To establish a solid epistemological foundation, the concept of Popular and Solidarity Economy was explored, and theories of entrepreneurship were analyzed. Additionally, an initial diagnosis was conducted, which revealed that entrepreneurial members had difficulties managing their ventures. Subsequently, existing impact measurement models were evaluated, and two empirical studies were carried out: a study based on the Theory of Change, aimed at qualitatively assessing the impact of proposed interventions on improving the management of members' ventures and, consequently, their success, thereby enhancing members' living conditions; and secondly, a quantitative study using a Logit Model aimed at evaluating the impact generated by the loans provided by the Solidarity Funds and Community Banks of Cotopaxi on their entrepreneurial members. The results of this study, using a sample of 358 members, confirmed that members with ventures financed by the Solidarity Funds and Community Banks were six times more likely to see improvements in their socioeconomic variables
Gender diversity in top management teams and corporate reputation: Evidence from Spanish listed companies
No full textCompanies gain significant advantages from having a favorable corporate reputation (CR), so researchers have analyzed the factors that contribute to the formation and maintenance of this intangible asset. One of these variables could be gender diversity in management. This study drew on stakeholder, signaling, and critical mass theories to explore how women in firms' top management teams (TMTs) can influence these organizations' CR. A sample of data on Spanish listed companies were collected for the period of 2017–2022. The results reveal that a positive relationship exists between gender diversity in TMTs and CR and that this relationship is moderated by women on boards of directors and by board independence. The findings contribute to the literature by providing evidence of top management's influence on CR. This empirical research also expands the literature on gender diversity in organizations by demonstrating that the positive impact of gender diversity on CR extends beyond boards of directors.peerReviewe
La igualdad en el control de la constitucionalidad en España
No full textEn el constitucionalismo contemporáneo la igualdad se ha convertido en uno de los principales parámetros de control de la constitucionalidad de las leyes y normas con rango de ley a la hora de determinar la constitucionalidad del tratamiento jurídico diferente. Por tratamiento jurídico diferente entendemos las distinciones que hace el legislador entre determinados grupos de personas para dar cumplimiento al mandato de igualdad real y efectiva contenido en el art. 9.2 de la Constitución española. Esta obra analiza la aplicación que ha hecho el Tribunal Constitucional español de la igualdad desde sus orígenes hasta la actualidad, con el objetivo de responder a dos cuestiones. La primera, establecer si existe algún modelo de aplicación de la igualdad que haya alcanzado una sustantividad propia y, de ser así, identificar los componentes de este juicio de igualdad. Para ello, se parte de la proporcionalidad como principio estructural y metodológico, del que se suelen servir las Cortes Constitucionales para resolver los conflictos entre derechos fundamentales y las intromisiones del poder legislativo en los derechos y bienes constitucionalmente protegidos. La segunda, estudiar la concepción de la igualdad que aplica el Tribunal Constitucional y determinar si ésta ha evolucionado en el constitucionalismo democrático español, definiendo cuál es esta concepción.In contemporary constitutionalism, equality has become one of the main parameters for review of constitutionality of laws and norms with the rank of law when determining the constitutionality of different legal treatment. By different legal treatment we understand the distinctions that the legislator makes between certain groups of people to comply with the mandate of real and effective equality contained in article 9.2 of the Spanish Constitution. This book analyzes the application that the Spanish Constitutional Court has made of equality from its origins to the present, with the aim of answering two questions. The first is to establish whether there is a model for applying equality that has achieved its own identity and, if so, to identify the components of this equality judgment. To do this, we start from proportionality as a structural and methodological principle, which the Constitutional Courts usually use to resolve conflicts between fundamental rights and interference by the legislative power in constitutionally protected rights and values. The second is to study the conception of equality applied by the Constitutional Court and determine whether it has evolved in Spanish democratic constitutionalism, defining what this conception is.peerReviewe
Diferencias de género en el acoso escolar: una mirada a las perspectivas de víctimas, acosadores y observadores
No full textEl acoso escolar es un problema psicosocial grave con consecuencias negativas que afectan tanto en la niñez y la adolescencia como en la edad adulta. El presente estudio con 300 alumnos y alumnas de Educación Secundaria reveló una alta incidencia de intimidación física, verbal social y de coacción. Las víctimas experimentaron ansiedad, depresión y problemas de autoestima. Es crucial implementar programas de prevención e intervención para abordar el acoso y crear un entorno escolar seguro y saludable.Bullying is a serious psychosocial problem with negative consequences that affect both childhood and adolescence as well as adulthood. The present study with 300 secondary school students revealed a high incidence of physical, verbal social and coercive bullying. Victims experienced anxiety, depression, and self-esteem problems. It is crucial to implement prevention and intervention programs to address bullying and create a safe and healthy school environment.peerReviewe
Envejecimiento motor y cerebral en tareas duales con ejercicio físico, danza y creatividad en personas con fibromialgia
No full textPrograma de Doctorado en Ciencias del Deporte.Tesis por compendio de publicacionesLa fibromialgia es una enfermedad crónica caracterizada por dolor musculoesquelético generalizado, fatiga, rigidez, condición física reducida, alteraciones del sueño y deterioro cognitivo. Por ello, las personas con fibromialgia tienen una capacidad reducida para realizar actividades de la vida diaria. Los objetivos generales fueron: a) Estudiar patrones motores y cerebrales, la función cognitiva y validar pruebas de doble tarea; b) Estudiar las relaciones entre el envejecimiento cerebral y motor en tareas diarias relacionadas con la calidad de vida, el ejercicio físico y la creatividad en fibromialgia; c) Analizar y mejorar el programa de ejercicio del proyecto “Coste-efectividad de un programa de ejercicio físico en realidad virtual sobre el envejecimiento cerebral y motor en fibromialgia” (DEP2015-70356-R). Esta tesis presenta siete artículos publicados en revistas indexadas en Journal Citation Reports. Los principales hallazgos son a) mujeres sanas mostraron mayor volumen de masa gris que mujeres con fibromialgia en todos los subcampos de la corteza prefrontal; b) El rendimiento cognitivo en pruebas de doble tarea puede respaldar el diagnóstico de deterioro cognitivo en fibromialgia; el test cognitivo Montreal Cognitive Assessment puede ser más sensible que el Mini Mental State Examination en fibromialgia; c) Las intervenciones basadas en danza pueden mejorar el rendimiento en doble tarea en el envejecimiento y son significativamente efectivas para reducir el impacto de la fibromialgia, el dolor y aumentar la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud. Las intervenciones de danza creativa pueden ser más efectivas que las repetitivas para reducir el dolor y el impacto de la enfermedad.Fibromyalgia is a chronic disease characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, stiffness, reduced physical fitness, sleep disturbances and cognitive impairment. All these aspects make that fibromyalgia patients have a reduced ability to perform activities of daily living. The overall objectives were: a) To study motor and brain pattern parameters, cognitive function and to validate dual-task tests for assessing physical condition with simultaneous cognitive activities; b) To study the relationships between brain and motor aging in daily tasks related to quality of life, physical exercise and creativity in fibromyalgia patients; c) To analyze and
improve the exercise program proposed in the project "Cost-effectiveness of a virtual reality
physical exercise program on brain and motor aging in fibromyalgia" (DEP2015-70356-R). Seven
articles published in journals indexed in the Journal Citation Reports have been included in this
thesis. The main findings are a) Healthy women showed higher gray matter volume in all the
prefrontal cortex subfields than women with fibromyalgia; b) Cognitive performance on a dualtask
test can be used to support the diagnosis of cognitive impairment in patients with
fibromyalgia, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment test may be a more sensitive cognitive
screening tool than the Mini Mental State Examination for fibromyalgia women; c) Interventions
based on dance can improve the dual-task performance in aging and are significantly effective in
reducing the impact of fibromyalgia, pain as well as increasing health-related quality of life.
Creative dance-based interventions could be more effective than repetitive dance-based
interventions to reduce pain and fibromyalgia impact.- Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (DEP2015-70356-R) and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2019-107191RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) within the framework of the Spanish National R + D + i Plan.
- Government of Extremadura through financing from the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF/FEDER) “a way of doing Europe” under group support grants (GR18155) and (GR21176). The Network of the Center for Biomedical Research in Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES) and the FEDER funds of the European Union (CB16/10/00477) have supported the studies that make up this doctoral thesis.
- D. Alvaro Murillo Garcia was supported by a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture, and Sport (FPU17/031330)
What models of the world do we transmit to children through folk tales? Lexical-statistical approach
No full textPartiendo del concepto de centro de interés (Decroly), este estudio intenta mostrar el modelo de mundo (Escuela de Tartu) social al que remiten las narraciones infantiles de tradición oral. Se ha aplicado un método estadístico y cuantitativo basado en programas informáticos (text mining y librería Pandas de Python) que permiten registrar la frecuencia de determinados campos léxicos. A la hora de conformar el modelo de sociedad que proponen estos relatos, los centros de interés más interesantes han resultado los animales, la alimentación, el entorno (rural/urbano) y, especialmente, el estudio de las profesiones. Como conclusión principal, los cuentos reenvían a un modelo de mundo eminentemente rural, católico, familiar, patriarcal, conservador y rígidamente estamental. Su transmisión cultural puede tener una intención educativa e ideológica.This study tries to show the modelling system (School of Tartu) to which popular stories refer to through the analysis of the basic centers of interest (Decroly) in Early Childhood Education. A statistical and quantitative method based on a reiterated lexicon tracking instrument (text mining and Pandas library of Python) has been established. The most productive centers of interest have been animals, food, the environment (rural / urban) and, especially, the study of professions. The world model that the stories aim at is eminently rural, Catholic, family based, patriarchal, traditionalist and rigidly class-conscious. This imaginary may have its origins in the European Romanticism, which often claims the Middle Ages among its aesthetic models. The cultural transmission of the values presented in this modelling system has an ideological and educational intention.Esta investigación fue financiada por “DECERC-GM: El desarrollo de la competencia escrita y el razonamiento crítico en los grados de maestro” (PID2020-117813RA-I0).peerReviewe
¡Unámonos todos! (Himno del Magisterio)
No full textPoema ¡Unámonos todos! (Himno del Magisterio), autor/a: Ana María Solo de Zaldívar e Hidalgo-Chacón.Poem ¡Unámonos todos! (Himno del Magisterio), author: Ana María Solo de Zaldívar e Hidalgo-Chacón.peerReviewe
Do women board members contribute to companies’ superior environmental performance? A literature review
No full textOpen Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature.The urgent need to tackle climate change has led scholars to study the factors that affect companies’ ability to achieve superior environmental performance. One such factor, the influence of women board members, has received considerable attention because of women’s greater tendency to care for the planet. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no literature review has yet attempted to describe the state of the art of this relationship and its conditioning factors. Therefore, this paper aims to identify the degree of consensus in the literature regarding the role of board gender diversity in environmental performance and to specify the variables that condition this relationship. The content of all studies that offer evidence of this relationship is analyzed. The results imply that there is a high degree of consensus regarding the positive influence of female leadership on environmental performance in studies that focus exclusively on this relationship. The review also shows that this relationship is conditioned by numerous factors. However, the evidence in this regard is scant and in some cases inconclusive. Therefore, this review reveals both the scope and the unfilled needs in this field of study. It thus supports the sharing of knowledge on this topic and draws attention to the questions that need to be addressed.One of the authors is a beneficiary of a junior university faculty grant (FPU) from the Spanish Ministry of
Universities, grant number FPU2019-02375.peerReviewe
Implicaciones de la variabilidad interindividual en la biotransformación del paracetamol en las reacciones de hipersensibilidad causadas por este fármaco
No full textEl paracetamol es un fármaco empleado en todo el mundo para el tratamiento de la fiebre y el dolor. Aunque se considera un fármaco seguro, las reacciones adversas por paracetamol han aumentado en los últimos años. Entre esas reacciones se incluyen las reacciones de hipersensibilidad selectiva cuyo mecanismo no es bien conocido. En esta Tesis se plantea que alteraciones en la biodisponibilidad del paracetamol y/o de sus metabolitos podrían estar relacionadas con la aparición de reacciones de hipersensibilidad al fármaco. Se han analizado los metabolitos mayoritarios del paracetamol, APAP-G y APAP-S, sintetizados por conjugación, y NAPQI, metabolito tóxico producido por oxidación y neutralizado por su unión a GSH para formar APAP-GSH, APAP-Cys y APAP-Merc. Se ha analizado, además, la posible producción de metabolitos minoritarios que pudieran tener un papel en las reacciones de hipersensibilidad. Los resultados obtenidos en esta Tesis confirman que los individuos con alergia al paracetamol presentan un perfil metabólico distinto, tanto de los metabolitos mayoritarios, como de los metabolitos minoritarios. Además, la inclusión de metabolitos como el APAP-GSH y el APAP-S, en el test de activación de basófilos aumenta la precisión del método diagnóstico, comparado con la utilización sólo del paracetamol. Los resultados también indican una asociación entre las variantes genéticas y fenotípicas con el perfil farmacocinético del paracetamol y sus metabolitos, destacando el sexo, mutaciones en genes que codifican transportadores (ABCB1), genes implicados en el metabolismo (UGT2B15, SULT1A1 y CYB5A) y en la regeneración de GSH (CBS y CTH).Paracetamol is a widely used medication for treating fever and pain worldwide. While it is considered a safe drug, adverse reactions to paracetamol have increased in recent years. These reactions include selective hypersensitivity reactions, and the underlying mechanism is not well understood. In this Thesis, we study whether changes in the bioavailability of paracetamol or its metabolites may be associated with the development of hypersensitivity reactions to paracetamol. The major metabolites of paracetamol are APAP-G y APAP-S, formed atier conjugation. Additionally, oxidaon leads to the production of a toxic metabolite known as NAPQI, which is neutralized by binding to GSH, resulting in the formation of APAP-GSH, APAP-Cys and APAP-Merc. We also analyzed rare metabolites that could play a role in hypersensitivity etiopathogenesis. The results obtained in this thesis show that patients suffering from paracetamol hypersensitivity exhibit a distinct metabolic profile in terms of both, major and rare metabolites. Furthermore, the use of different metabolites, such as APAP-GSH and APAP-S, in the basophil activation test enhances the precision of this diagnostic method. The results also suggest an association between genetic and phenotypic factors with the pharmacokinetic profile of paracetamol and its metabolites, with parcular influence of sex, mutations in transporter genes (ABCB1), genes involved in paracetamol biotransformation (UGT2B15, SULT1A1 and CYB5A), and in the regeneration of GSH (CBS and CTH).Esta tesis doctoral ha sido financiada por el Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades de España, Beca de Formación de Profesorado Universitario (FPU2014) y por los proyectos de investigación: FIS PI 15/00303 del Instituto de Salud Carlos III y IB20134 de la Junta de Extremadura
Perceção da fadiga e do bem-estar em jogadores internacionais de andebol de praia em competições oficiais
No full textLas competiciones oficiales de balonmano playa se desarrollan entre cuatro y cinco días consecutivos. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la carga interna de la jugadora de balonmano playa internacional durante una competición oficial evaluando su percepción de la fatiga, así como el control del pulso durante el descanso nocturno. Diez jugadoras del equipo nacional de Italia fueron evaluadas a través de cuestionarios y mediante un dispositivo que controlaba sus pulsaciones durante el descanso nocturno durante los Juegos del Mediterráneo de playa en Heraklion -Grecia 2023-. Los datos de percepción del esfuerzo (RPE) durante el primer día reportaron una media de 4,82,5 y el último día de competición de 6,22,2. En el cuestionario Well-being Hooper (TC) los ítems de fatiga (4,10,9/5,50,7), dolor muscular (4,00,8/5,50,9) y nivel de estrés (4,50,8/5,50,7) mostraron una tendencia de registros en aumento a medida que pasaban los días de competición. El índice Hooper muestra esta tendencia hacia un estado de bienestar deteriorado (20,50,4), observándose una diferencia significativa entre el primer registro y del último día de la frecuencia cardiaca máxima (F=9.580; pbonf=.009**; 2 =,444). Este estudio proporciona información al cuerpo técnico sobre el control de la fatiga de las jugadoras durante la competición oficial.Official beach handball competitions usually take place over four to five consecutive days. The aim of this study was to describe the internal load of the international beach handball player during an official competition by assessing her perception of fatigue as well as pulse monitoring during night rest. Ten players of the Italian national team were assessed through questionnaires and by means of a device that monitored their pulse rate during night rest during the competition at the Mediterranean Beach Games in Heraklion -Greece 2023-. The RPE data during the first day reported a mean of 4.82.5 and on the last day of the competition a mean of 6.22.2. In the Hooper Well-being questionnaire (TC) the items of fatigue (4.10.9/5.50.7), muscle soreness (4.00.8/5.50.9) and stress level (4.50.8/5.50.7) showed a trend of increasing records as the days of competition passed. The Hooper index shows this trend towards a deteriorated state of well-being (20.50.4), with a significant difference between the first and last day's recordings of maximum heart rate (F=9.580; pbonf =.009**; 2 =.444). This study provides information to the coaching staff on the fatigue control of the players during the official competition.As competições oficiais de andebol de praia decorrem normalmente durante quatro a cinco dias consecutivos. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a carga interna da jogadora internacional de andebol de praia durante uma competição oficial, através da avaliação da sua perceção da fadiga e da monitorização da pulsação durante o repouso noturno. Dez jogadoras da equipa nacional italiana foram avaliadas através de questionários e de um dispositivo que monitorizava a sua pulsação durante o repouso noturno durante a competição nos Jogos Mediterrânicos de Praia em Heraklion -Grécia 2023-. Os dados sobre a perceção do esforço (RPE) durante o primeiro dia registaram uma média de 4,82,5 e no último dia de competição 6,22,2. No questionário Hooper Well-being (TC), os itens de fadiga (4.10.9/5.50.7), dores musculares (4.00.8/5.50.9) e nível de stress (4.50.8/5.50.7) revelaram uma tendência para o aumento das pontuações à medida que os dias de competição avançavam. O índice de Hooper mostra esta tendência para a deterioração do estado de bem-estar (20.50.4), com uma diferença significativa entre os registos do primeiro e do último dia da frequência cardíaca máxima (F=9.580; pbonf =.009**; 2 =.444). Este estudo fornece informações à equipa técnica sobre o controlo da fadiga dos jogadores durante a competição oficial.peerReviewe