University of Extremadura
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Análisis de biomarcadores farmacogenéticos en la regulación española desde una perspectiva europea e internacional
No full textPrograma de doctorado en Investigación Biomédica Aplicada (R009)Los biomarcadores farmacogenéticos se relacionan con la variabilidad individual en la respuesta a los fármacos. La aplicación de estos biomarcadores en la clínica puede contribuir a optimizar el uso de medicamentos. Las fichas técnicas de los medicamentos son uno de los pilares fundamentales de información de los profesionales sanitarios para el uso seguro y eficaz de los medicamentos. Este estudio analiza la presencia de información farmacogenética en las fichas técnicas aprobadas por la Agencia Española de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios (AEMPS).
Se encontró información farmacogenética en más de la mitad (55.37%) de los medicamentos autorizados, con mayor frecuencia en agentes antineoplásicos e inmunomoduladores, y en fármacos del sistema nervioso y cardiovascular. Se identificaron 509 biomarcadores farmacogenéticos, donde las enzimas CYP450 representaron casi el 34%. Se hallaron 3679 asociaciones fármaco-biomarcador, y tras la asignación del nivel de recomendación a las asociaciones 1A, el 33.33% obtuvo "nivel actionable" (útil), el 12.75% "nivel informativo", el 4.9% "test requerido", el 4.9% "test recomendado" y más del 30% no estaban reflejadas en las fichas técnicas.
Tras comparar con las agencias reguladoras de medicamentos registradas en PharmGKB, se observó un alto nivel de concordancia (más del 40%), aunque existe cierta falta de armonización. Los resultados de este estudio destacan la presencia de información farmacogenética en las fichas técnicas de los medicamentos aprobados en España. Considerar esta información en la prescripción de fármacos podría prevenir interacciones, toxicidades y falta de eficacia, resaltando la necesidad de su implementación clínica.Pharmacogenetic biomarkers are associated with individual variability in drug response. The implementation of these biomarkers in clinical practice can enhance the optimization of medication use. Drug labels constitute a fundamental source of information for healthcare professionals, ensuring the safe and effective use of medications. This study analyzes the presence of pharmacogenetic information in the drug labels approved by the Spanish Agency of Medicines and Medical Devices (AEMPS).
Pharmacogenetic information was present in over half (55.37%) of the authorized medications, most frequently in antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents, as well as drugs affecting the nervous and cardiovascular systems. A total of 509 pharmacogenetic biomarkers were identified, with CYP450 enzymes representing nearly 34%. The analysis revealed 3679 drug-biomarker associations, and after assigning PGx levels to the 1A associations, 33.33% were classified as "actionable level", 12.75% as "informative level", 4.9% as "test required", 4.9% as "test recommended””, and more than 30% were not reflected in the drug labels.
Comparison with regulatory agencies registered in PharmGKB revealed a high level of concordance (over 40%), although some lack of harmonization was evident. The results of this study emphasizes the importance of pharmacogenetic information in the drug labels of medications approved in Spain. Incorporating this information into medical prescriptions could prevent drug interactions, toxicities, and inefficacy, highlighting the need for its clinical implementation
Machine learning-enabled fatty acid quantification and classification of pork from autochthonous breeds using low-field 1H NMR spectroscopic data
No full textTraditional pig breeds, known for their sustainability and superior meat quality, are experiencing growing consumer preference. The lipid fraction composition of these meats plays a fundamental role in their health benefits and excellent organoleptic properties. Accordingly, accurate characterisation of intramuscular fat is crucial for maintaining quality standards and combating fraudulent practices. This study employs benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to delineate the lipidic profiles of various cuts from two emblematic Spanish autochthonous pig breeds. The implementation of chemometric and machine learning models enabled the classification of pork samples based on cut and breed of origin. Moreover, this investigation pioneers the coupling of benchtop NMR with machine learning models for quantitative purposes, achieving precise quantification of polyunsaturated, monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids in intramuscular fat. This novel approach holds promise for enhancing the traceability and authentication of traditional pig products, fostering consumer confidence and promoting sustainable livestock practices.Authors thank financial support from Junta de Extremadura and FEDER (GR21123)peerReviewe
Fibromyalgia and sedentarism: Which came first, the chicken or the egg?
No full textFibromyalgia is a chronic disease that causes widespread pain throughout the body, as well as fatigue and a variety of other accompanying symptoms. Physical activity is one of the most useful non-pharmacological treatments for pain and symptom reduction. Therefore, the main objective of this research was to analyse the objective levels of sedentary lifestyle and physical activity, as well as the study of heart rate variability as a predictor of health. A total of 21 women previously diagnosed with fibromyalgia (FM) and 10 healthy women of the same age range participated in the study. Accelerometry was used for the determination of physical activity and sedentary lifestyle as well as the study of heart rate variability (HRV) at rest for the assessment of cardiovascular health. The results show that participants with fibromyalgia have higher levels of sedentary lifestyles and worse cardiovascular health outcomes compared to healthy participants not diagnosed with fibromyalgia. In conclusion, it is observed that the analysis of heart rate variability is a good predictor for the determination of cardiovascular health in patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia. A debate is open to whether sedentary lifestyles and being overweight accentuate the fibromyalgia disease or whether it is the disease itself that favors increased physical inactivity, reflected in inferior cardiovascular health. Future research is needed to deepen this analysis in order to improve the quality of life of these patients.This research was partially funded by the Gobierno de Extremadura-Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, Spain (GR21079)peerReviewe
Assessment of the teaching potential of socially controversial issues within trainee teachers
No full textLos temas socialmente controvertidos se presentan como un recurso óptimo para trabajar distintas capacidades en la asignatura de ciencias sociales, especialmente de cara a desarrollar la competencia ciudadana. Este estudio indaga, precisamente, en el valor que el profesorado en formación inicial atribuye a las mismas. Han participado 239 estudiantes del Grado de Educación Primaria de la Universidad del País Vasco, 177 en el grupo experimental y 122 en control. Los datos se han recabado a través de un cuestionario de 8 ítems, con formato de respuesta Likert. Los resultados han señalado pequeños cambios en la valoración que el profesorado en formación brinda a la utilización de los temas controvertidos para enseñar ciencias sociales e historia en Educación Primaria. En conclusión, se ve necesaria la inclusión de estas temáticas en la formación del futuro profesorado, como vía para romper con las concepciones epistemológicas tradicionales con las que llegan a la formación universitaria.Socially controversial issues are presented as an optimal resource for working on different skills in the subject of social sciences, especially with a view to developing the citizenship competence. This study explores, precisely, the value that teachers in initial training attribute to them. A total of 239 students of the Primary Education Degree of the University of the Basque Country participated, 177 in the experimental group and 122 in the control group. The data were collected through an 8-item questionnaire, with Likert response format. The results have shown small changes in the value that trainee teachers give to the use of controversial issues to teach social sciences and history in primary school. In conclusion, we consider it necessary to include these topics in the future teacher’s training programs, as a way to break with the traditional epistemological conceptions with which they arrive at university education.Este estudio ha sido financiado por los grupos de investigación Sociedades, Procesos, Culturas (IT1465-22) y GIPyPAC (IT1442-22) de la Universidad del País Vasco, y por el Departamento de Paz y Convivencia del Gobierno Vasco (OTRI 2023.0286).peerReviewe
La belleza y la medida del vacío: conocer, vivir, poblar
No full textComunicación presentada en el 45° Convegno Internazionale dei Docenti delle Discipline della Rappresentazione. Congresso della Unione Italiana per il DiségnoLa Extremadura vaciada forma parte de nuestra vida cotidiana. Sin embargo, el desconocimiento real de ese espacio vacío va parejo al lamento por la situación. Con frecuencia se nos llena la boca con palabras huecas de contenido para expresar la vaciedad de ese espacio. Cabe encontrar formas de expresión, literarias y gráficas, abiertas a propuestas de soluciones. Cada problema oculta una oportunidad. La Extremadura vaciada ofrece un escenario de ocasiones para mejorar las opciones de futuro. El lamento aparece desde el edificio patrimonial en ruinas a la falta de ofertas de trabajo o a la baja de la natalidad unida a la emigración hacia los principales focos de atracción laboral. La solución viene al actuar en rehabilitar y promocionar el patrimonio generando puestos de trabajo que ofrezcan condiciones asequibles para permitir un futuro con optimismo que acoja a nuevas generaciones de ciudadanos activos. La singularidad de la región extremeña recae en su inexorable idiosincrasia: el vacío. Pero este vacío está lleno de virtudes, parámetros que muestran la riqueza de una región olvidada históricamente, pero capaz de reivindicar una posición relevante realzada gracias a su territorio, a su paisaje, a su agua, a su patrimonio y a su población. Es necesario conocer este vacío para poder interpretarlo correctamente, difundirlo y preservarlo como parte de nuestro legado patrimonial.The emptied Extremadura is part of our daily lives. However, the real ignorance of this empty space goes hand in hand with the lament for the situation. Often our mouths are filled with nonsense words to express the emptiness of that space. It is possible to find forms of expression, literary and graphic, open to proposals for solutions. Every problem hides an opportunity. The emptied Extremadura offers a scenario of opportunities to improve the options for the future. The lament appears from the ruined heritage building to the lack of job offers or the drop in the birth rate together with emigration to the main centers of labor attraction. The solution comes from acting to rehabilitate and promote heritage, generating jobs that offer affordable conditions to allow a future with optimism that welcomes new generations of active citizens. The uniqueness of the Extremadura region lies in its inexorable idiosyncrasy: emptiness. But this void is full of virtues, parameters that show the richness of a region that has been forgotten historically, but capable of claiming a relevant position enhanced thanks to its territory, its landscape, its water, its heritage and its population. It is necessary to know this gap in order to be able to interpret it correctly, disseminate it and preserve it as part of our heritage legacy.Junta de Extremadura y Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional de la Unión Europea.peerReviewe
Los Mohedano y su revisión en el Setecientos
No full textAl amparo de las primeras historias literarias surgieron textos de polémica en un continuo diálogo entre lo que debía o no debía formar parte del canon literario, de aquello que los neoclásicos denominaron buen gusto. Un claro ejemplo de ello fue la Historia literaria de España de los hermanos Rodríguez Mohedano y los textos conexos que polemizaron con ella. Este trabajo analiza cómo esta polémica concreta contribuye, junto con otras, a conformar la literatura española; amén de ser tremendamente interesante en campos como la sociología de la literatura o la transmisión textual, entre otros. Se trata de la verdadera construcción de la ciencia filológica, con especial atención a la crítica y a la historia literaria como disciplinas concretas.Under the auspices of the first literary histories, polemical texts emerged in a continuous dialogue between what should or should not form part of the literary canon, what the neoclassicals called good taste. A clear example of this was the Literary History of Spain by the Rodríguez Mohedano brothers and the related texts that polemized with it. This work analyzes how this specific polemic contributes, along with others, to shaping Spanish literature; in addition to being tremendously interesting in fields such as the sociology of literature or textual transmission, among others. It deals with the true construction of the science of philology, with special attention to criticism and literary history as specific disciplines.Esta publicación es resultado del proyecto de I+D+i "Teoría de la lectura y hermenéutica literaria en la Ilustración europea: la praxis lectorial, interpretativa y crítica" (PID2021-124535NB-I00), financiado por MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 y los fondos FEDER, una manera de hacer Europa.peerReviewe
Villanueva de la Serena at the end of the Old Regime
No full textEl presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar la situación en la que se encontraba la localidad de Villanueva de la Serena durante el siglo XVIII, haciendo hincapié en su tejido socio económico. Para ello, utilizaremos una fuente de información primordial que se generó a mediados de la centuria, como es el Catastro de Ensenada, concretamente las Respuestas Generales de la villa, firmadas por la Comisión en marzo de 1752. También haremos un estudio sobre la evolución poblacional partiendo de datos conocidos, en censos elaborados antes del Ochocientos, para utilizar otros ya propios de la centuria como el Censo de Floridablanca (1787) o del Interrogatorio de la Real Audiencia de Extremadura (1791).The objective of the present work is analyze the situation in wich the town of Villanueva de la Serena during the 18th century, emphasizing in socio economic fabric. For this, we will use a primary source of information that was generated in the middle of the century, such as the Cadastre of Ensenada, specifically the General Responses of the town, signed by the Commission on March of 1752. We will also do a study about the evolution of population based on known data, in census prepared before the 18th century, to use others already typical of the century such as Census of Floridablanca (1787) or the Interrogation of the Royal Audience of Extremadura (1791).peerReviewe
Retrospective evaluation of hematological ratios in canine parvovirosis: 401 cases
No full textBackground: The utility of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) as prognostic indicators has not been investigated in canine parvovirosis (CPV). Hypothesis: To evaluate whether these hematological ratios obtained at hospital admission in CPV are associated with out-come or duration of hospitalization. Animals.: Four hundred one client-owned dogs presented with CPV. Methods- Retrospective multicenter cohort study. Medical rec-ords were reviewed to identify dogs with CPV. Data regarding signalment, complete blood count at admission, duration of hospitalization and outcome were collected. Re-sults: Of the 401 dogs included in the study, 336 (83.8%) survived to discharge. The median (25th and 75th percentiles) PLR in nonsurvivors (336.56 [159.84-635.77]) was significantly higher than in survivors (217.65 [117.67-389.65]) (P = .003). The area un-der the receiver-operating characteristic curve for nonsurvival was 0.615 (95% CI [0.593-0.691], P = .003). A cut off of 700 showed a 21.5% sensitivity and 90% specificity for nonsurvival. No association was observed between hospitalization duration and either hematological ratios or total WBC counts. The median (25th and 75th percen-tiles) lymphocyte count was below reference interval in all dogs and was significantly lower in the dogs which died (0.82 _ 109/L [0.5-1.87]) than in survivors (1.27 _ 109/L [0.73-2.22]) (P = .005). The median (25th and 75th percentiles) monocyte count how-ever was lower in survivors (0.38 _ 109/L [0.29-1.59]), than in nonsurvivors (0.73 _ 109/L [0.1-2]) (P = .002). Conclusions: Evaluation of PLR at hospital admission might be a useful marker of disease severity and could have prognostic value in dogs with CPV.peerReviewe
Influence of the programme mus-e on the educational success of students
No full textEl objetivo de la investigación es establecer en qué medida los centros educativos que implementaron el Programa Mus-E en centros educativos incidieron en el éxito educativo del alumnado y en la disminución del absentismo escolar, y determinar si el programa una herramienta de transformación educativa y social dentro de un enfoque inclusivo de la educación. Bajo la metodología de Educación Comparada se sometieron a análisis 20 centros educativos que compartían características similares en cuanto a alumnado escolar, familia, contexto educativo y entorno sociocultural, pero sólo el 50% de ellos utiliza la metodología Mus-E. En el estudio se encontraron evidencias de diferencias significativas en las percepciones que tiene el profesorado sobre la influencia del Programa Mus-E sobre el éxito educativo. Ello permitió abrir nuevas líneas de investigación sobre la importancia de la utilización de las metodologías activas como indicadores de éxito educativo en la población escolar educativamente vulnerableThe objective of the research is to establish to what extent the educational centers that implemented the Programme Mus-E in educational centers influenced the educational success of the students and the reduction of school absenteeism and determine if the program is a tool for educational and social transformation within an inclusive approach to education. Under the Comparative Education methodology, 20 educational centers that shared similar characteristics in terms of school students, family, educational context and sociocultural environment were analyzed, but only 50% of them used the Mus-E methodology. The study found evidence of significant differences in teachers' perceptions of the influence of the Programme Mus-E on educational success. This allowed us to open new lines of research on the importance of using active methodologies as indicators of educational success in the educationally vulnerable school populationpeerReviewe
P53 genetics and biology in lung carcinomas: insights, implications and clinical applications
No full textEl gen TP53 es conocido como un supresor de tumores y desempeña un papel fundamental en la supervisión del ciclo celular, la apoptosis y el mantenimiento de la estabilidad genómica. La desregulación de p53 a menudo contribuye al inicio y la progresión de varios cánceres, incluidos los subtipos de cáncer de pulmón (LC). La revisión explora la intrincada relación entre p53 y su papel en el desarrollo y progresión de LC. p53, una proteína supresora de tumores crucial, existe en varias isoformas, y comprender sus distintas funciones en la LC es esencial para avanzar en nuestro conocimiento de esta enfermedad mortal. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo proporcionar una descripción completa de la literatura sobre p53, su relevancia para la LC y sus posibles aplicaciones clínicas.The TP53 gene is renowned as a tumor suppressor, playing a pivotal role in overseeing the cell cycle, apoptosis, and maintaining genomic stability. Dysregulation of p53 often contributes to the initiation and progression of various cancers, including lung cancer (LC) subtypes. The review explores the intricate relationship between p53 and its role in the development and progression of LC. p53, a crucial tumor suppressor protein, exists in various isoforms, and understanding their distinct functions in LC is essential for advancing our knowledge of this deadly disease. This review aims to provide a comprehensive literature overview of p53, its relevance to LC, and potential clinical applications.This research was funded by BFU2017-85547-P, TED2021-130560B-I00, and PID2021- 126905NB-I00 grants from the Ministry of Economy, IB18014 from Junta de Extremadura to J.M.C.- G., and GR21140 from Junta de Extremadura to S.M.-N. All Spanish funding is co-sponsored by the European Union FEDER program.peerReviewe