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The Theseus Ship Paradox: Analysis of Racism in Brazil based on Contemporary Brazilian Law
No full textO presente trabalho partiu do paradoxo do navio de Teseu propondo a reflexão das normas jurídicas como as peças de um navio que foram substituídas ao longo do tempo, que, em alguma medida, conferem mais direitos, sem, contudo, alterar a integralidade do sistema desigual. O artigo é estruturado em três sessões além da introdução. A primeira se debruça sobre o direito normativo, a relação entre produção do conhecimento e manutenção do poder, em especial no campo jurídico, expondo as aporias entre concessão de direitos e perpetuação da cidadania brasileira estratificada a partir da raça. A segunda laça luz sobre os mecanismos jurídicos de produção de riqueza econômica comumente alijados dos estudos sobre desigualdade sócio racial, descortinando como as engrenagens do código jurídico que se diz neutro opera impedindo a mobilidade social dos negros no brasil ainda hoje. A última sessão aponta caminhos a serem seguidos para o aprofundamento do tema.The present work started from the paradox of Theseus’ ship, proposing the reflection upon legal norms as the pieces of a ship that were replaced over time, which, to some extent, confer more rights, without, however, altering the entirety of the unequal system. The article is structured in three sections in addition to the introduction. The first focuses on normative law, the relationship between the production of knowledge and the maintenance of power, especially in the legal field, exposing the contradictions between the granting of ostensive rights and the perpetuation of Brazilian citizenship stratified based on race. The second sheds light on the legal mechanisms for the production of economic wealth commonly excluded from studies on socio-racial inequality, revealing how the legal code that claims to be neutral operates, preventing the social mobility of black people in Brazil even today. The last section points out paths to be followed to delve deeper into the topic.peerReviewe
Impacts of Square Stepping Exercise on Physical-Cognitive Function, Biomarkers, Body Composition and Mental Health in Healthy Senior Aged 60 and Above: A Systematic Review
No full textBackground: The aim of this systematic review is to analyze the effects of Square Stepping Exercise (SSE) on physical and cognitive function in older people, including its effects on biomarkers, body composition and mental health, focusing only on research that assessed the efficacy of SSE-based interventions. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane databases were searched from June 2006 to June 2024 according to the PRISMA guidelines. The main search terms used were related to “older people” and “square-stepping exercise”. Controlled trials that included at least one intervention group focused on SSE were included. Participants had to be healthy, without physical or cognitive impairment, and the studies published in English or Spanish. The methodological quality of the selected research was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro). Results: Twelve studies were selected from a total of 444 original records, with a total sample size of 577 participants. The health parameters of the participants were homogeneous, with ages ranging from 60 to 80 years. Significant gains were reported in certain physical function assessments, including balance, lower body strength and power, gait speed and flexibility. There were also significant findings in cognitive function, particularly in general cognitive status, focused attention, response time, basic task performance, and executive function. In addition, SSE can improve metrics such as body composition, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and mental health characteristics. Conclusions: SSE has the potential to significantly improve physical function, cognitive performance and body composition, as well as provide mental health benefits and have variable effects on biomarkers and cardiovascular health.The author J.M.F-G. (FPU20/04143) was supported by a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture, and Sport. Grants FPU20/04143 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and, as appropriate, by the “European Social Fund Investing in your future or by European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR”.peerReviewe
CRISTINA PIMENTEL y PAULA MORÃO (coords.): A Literatura clássica ou os clássicos na Literatura. Presenças clássicas nas literaturas de língua portuguesa. Vol. VI
No full textEs una reseña de la obra: CRISTINA PIMENTEL y PAULA MORÃO (coords.): A Literatura clássica ou os clássicos na Literatura. Presenças clássicas nas literaturas de língua portuguesa. Vol. VI. Lisboa: Edições Colibri, 2023, 428 páginas. ISBN: 978-989-566-307-1.It's a review of the work: CRISTINA PIMENTEL y PAULA MORÃO (coords.): A Literatura clássica ou os clássicos na Literatura. Presenças clássicas nas literaturas de língua portuguesa. Vol. VI. Lisboa: Edições Colibri, 2023, 428 páginas. ISBN: 978-989-566-307-1
Judicial doctrine regarding teleworkers’ work accidents: an extrapolation exercise
No full textEl progreso de las TIC está revolucionando el mundo del trabajo hasta límites impensables hace apenas un par de décadas. La consolidación del teletrabajo es un hecho irreversible, y sorprende que ni la LTD, ni la LGSS ni ninguna otra hayan dispuesto elementos específicos de protección social para esta tipología tan particular de prestación de servicios. En este estudio se quiere analizar la que se considera la ausencia más notable en estos menesteres: un concepto adaptado de accidente laboral, habida cuenta de lo especial
de sus aspectos temporal y locativo, que ya de por sí conllevan variadas interrogantes. Así las cosas, la doctrina judicial se está viendo obligada a resolver haciendo un ejercicio de extrapolación de las líneas interpretativas que el Tribunal Supremo ha desplegado sobre la accidentalidad sufrida por trabajadores presenciales. No obstante, y como derivación lógica, surge la pregunta de si todos los criterios empleados para resolver supuestos de siniestros tradicionales sirven también para el domicilio del teletrabajador, en tanto que territorio excluible al control patronal, a la labor de los servicios de prevención e incluso a la Inspección de Trabajo. Y, tirando de este hilo, cabe también cuestionarse si se debe extender la presunción de laboralidad, lo edificado sobre el accidente in itinere, sobre el accidente en misión o sobre la lesión cardiovascular a las cuatro paredes del hogar de la persona trabajadora. Aquí se recogen, pues, las respuestas que ha dado el intérprete judicial a las interrogantes que ya le han salido al paso, y para las que aún no ha tenido que abordar hay que conformarse, por el momento, con las conjeturas expuestas por los autores que han estudiado el tema con anterioridad.The progress of ICT is revolutionizing the world of work to unimaginable limits just a couple of decades ago. The consolidation of telecommuting is an irreversible fact, and it is surprising that neither the Remote Work Law, nor the General Social Security Law, nor any other have established specific elements of social protection for this particular type of service provision. This study aims to analyze what is considered the most notable absence in these matters: an adapted concept of occupational accident, given the special nature of its temporal and locative aspects, which already raise various questions. Therefore, judicial doctrine is being forced to resolve by extrapolating the interpretative lines that the Supreme Court has deployed on the accidents suffered by on-site workers. However, as a logical consequence, the question arises of whether all the criteria used to resolve traditional accident cases also apply to the teleworker’s home, as a territory excluded from employer control, the work of prevention services, and even Labor Inspection. And, following this thread, it is also worth questioning whether the presumption of work-relatedness, built on the «accident in itinere,» the «accident on a mission,» or the cardiovascular accident, should be extended to the four walls of the worker’s home. Here, therefore, are the answers given by the judicial interpreter to the questions that have already arisen, and for those that have not yet been addressed, we must, for the time being, rely on the conjectures put forward by authors who have studied the topic previously.IKTen aurrerapena lan-mundua iraultzen ari da, duela pare bat hamarkada pentsaezinak diren mugetaraino. Telelana finkatzea atzeraezina da, eta harrigarria da LTDk, GSLOk eta beste inork ez izatea gizarte-babeseko elementu espezifikorik zerbitzuak emateko tipologia berezi horretarako. Azterlan honetan, zeregin horietan absentziarik nabarmenena zein den aztertu nahi da: lan-istripuari buruzko kontzeptu egokitua, kontuan hartuta haren denbora— eta lokaltasun-alderdien berezitasuna, berez hainbat galdera dakartzatenak. Gauzak horrela, doktrina judiziala ebaztera behartuta dago, Auzitegi Gorenak langile presentzialek jasandako istripu-tasari buruz zabaldu dituen interpretazio-ildoak estrapolatuz. Hala ere, eta deribazio logiko gisa, galdera bat sortu da: ea ohiko ezbeharren kasuak ebazteko erabilitako irizpide guztiek telelangilearen bizilekurako ere balio duten, ugazaben kontroletik,
prebentzio-zerbitzuen lanetik eta Lan Ikuskaritzatik kanpo gera daitekeen lurralde gisa. Eta, hari horretatik tiraka, zalantzan jar daiteke, halaber, lanaren presuntzioa, in itinere istripuaren gainean eraikitakoa, misioan izandako istripuaren gainean eraikitakoa edo lesio kardiobaskularraren gainean langilearen etxeko lau hormetara zabaldu behar den. Hemen jasotzen dira, beraz, interprete judizialak eman dizkion erantzunak, aurrera atera zaizkion galderei, eta oraindik landu behar izan ez dituenei, oraingoz, gaia lehenago aztertu duten egileek azaldutako usteekin konformatu behar da.peerReviewe
Oxidative Effects in Early Stages of Embryo Development Due to Alcohol Consumption
No full textAlcohol, a widely consumed drug, exerts significant toxic effects on the human organism. This review focuses on its impact during fetal development, when it leads to a spectrum of disorders collectively termed Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). Children afflicted by FASD exhibit distinct clinical manifestations, including facial dysmorphism, delayed growth, and neurological and behavioral disorders. These behavioral issues encompass diminished intellectual capacity, memory impairment, and heightened impulsiveness. While the precise mechanisms underlying alcohol-induced fetal damage remain incompletely understood, research indicates a pivotal role for reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are released during alcohol metabolism, inciting inflammation at the cerebral level. Ethanol metabolism amplifies the generation of oxidant molecules, inducing through alterations in enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems responsible for cellular homeostasis. Alcohol consumption disrupts endogenous enzyme activity and fosters lipid peroxidation in consumers, potentially affecting the developing fetus. Addressing this concern, administration of metformin during the prenatal period, corresponding to the third trimester of human pregnancy, emerges as a potential therapeutic intervention for mitigating FASD. This proposed approach holds promise for ameliorating the adverse effects of alcohol exposure on fetal development and warrants further investigation.This research was funded by Junta de Extremadura, grant numbers GR18040 and IB18013.peerReviewe
Circulars of the Office of the Attorney General promulgated between December 1, 2022 and November 30, 2024
No full textEn este trabajo se aborda el comentario de las Circulares de la Fiscalía General del Estado más relevantes del año 2023 y 2024.This paper addresses the commentary on the most relevant Circulars of the Attorney General's Office for the years 2023 and 2024.peerReviewe
Análisis comparado de Genji y Don Juan: ficciones literarias del seductor en Oriente y en Occidente
No full textPrograma de Doctorado en Lenguas y CulturasAnálisis comparado de dos figuras esenciales de la Literatura Universal: Genji y Don Juan. A pesar de que suelen ser relacionados, no se ha realizado un estudio entre los dos personajes míticos. No existe una monografía específica como tal, sino solo alusiones por parte de algunos críticos reputados a nivel mundial. El propósito de esta tesis es acercar la cultura asiática al ámbito hispánico, en el cual la obra cumbre de la literatura japonesa es todavía poco conocida, así como profundizar en el análisis comparado de dos literaturas tan lejanas entre sí. También se busca establecer cohesiones y diferencias entre estas dos literaturas y contribuir a apreciar el patrimonio cultural europeo y asiático. Por último, se trata de establecer si los dos personajes pueden ser comparados y realizar un monográfico sobre ellos. Se plantean en primer lugar cuestiones teóricas en torno al mito, el tópico, el material literario y el personaje. A continuación, se analizan los personajes míticos de Don Juan y de Genji en sus respectivos contextos. Por último, la cuarta parte plantea la comparación entre ellos desde la perspectiva de la poligénesis, tanto desde un punto de vista teórico como a través de sus textos. La metodología empleada pretende aunar diversos ámbitos de la Teoría de la Literatura, la Literatura Comparada, la Historia de la Literatura y la Crítica Literaria para tratar de aportar una visión multidisciplinar y conseguir así un estudio lo más completo posible.Comparative analysis of two essential figures of Universal Literature: Genji and Don Juan. Although they are often related, no study has been conducted between the two mythical characters. There is no specific research monograph as such, but only allusions by some world-renowned critics. The purpose of this thesis is to bring Asian culture closer to the Hispanic sphere, in which the masterpiece of Japanese literature is still little known, as well as to delve into the comparative analysis of two literatures so far from each other. It also seeks to establish cohesion and differences between these two literatures and contribute to appreciating European and Asian cultural heritage. Finally, it is about establishing whether the two characters can be compared and making a monograph about them. Firstly, theoretical questions are raised regarding the myth, the topic, the literary material and the character. Next, the mythical characters of Don Juan and Genji are analyzed in their respective contexts. Finally, the fourth part presents the comparison between them from the perspective of polygenesis, both from a theoretical point of view and through their texts. The methodology used aims to combine various areas of Literary Theory, Comparative Literature, the History of Literature and Literary Criticism to try to provide a multidisciplinary vision and thus achieve the most complete study possible
Las “casas aristocráticas” en la protohistoria del Guadiana Medio: génesis, desarrollo y final
No full textPor sus imbricaciones con el mundo tartésico e ibérico, posiblemente uno de los problemas históricos que Arturo Ruíz haya seguido con más interés –e implicación– sea el de los grandes edificios protohistóricos extremeños que, desde el
descubrimiento del “palacio-santuario” de Cancho Roano (Maluquer de Motes, 1981) hasta hoy, han marcado buena parte de la arqueología del sur peninsular con el intenso debate sobre su significado sacro o palacial.Because of its links with the Tartessian and Iberian worlds, possibly one of the historical problems that Arturo Ruíz has followed with most interest - and involvement - is that of the great protohistoric buildings of Extremadura which, since the discovery of the ‘palace-sanctuary’ of Cancho Roano (Maluquer de Motes, 1981) until today, they have marked a large part of the archaeology of the south of the peninsula with the intense debate about their sacred or palatial significance
Opera Omnia Juan Esquivel de Barahona (c.1560-c.1624): III. Missa Ave Virgo Sanctissima. Edición de 1608
No full textLa edición de misas de Juan Esquivel de Barahona, publicada en Salamanca en 1608, nos ofrece una colección de obras compuestas que recoge algunas de las tradiciones compositivas en uso desde la segunda mitad del siglo XVI. La que hoy publicamos, la Missa Ave Virgo Sanctissima, a cinco voces, toma su material temático del motete homónimo de Francisco Guerrero. Una obra en la que se hace uso de recursos diversos, como ya hiciera el mismo Guerrero en su motete: polifonía imitativa, uso de la técnica del canon y del cantus firmus ostinato.
En la primera sección del libro, la dedicada al estudio de la obra, se da cuenta del hallazgo del impreso completo de misas que se creía perdido, se identifican y analizan los diferentes motivos de los que se sirvió para construir esta misa y se examinan los diferentes recursos compositivos utilizados en esta.
En la segunda parte, se ofrece en transcripción moderna la versión completa de la Missa Ave Virgo Sanctissima. Como elementos destacables de nuestra versión, se opta -como en las anteriores ediciones de esta serie que constituye la Opera Omnia de Juan Esquivel- por mantener la obra en su altura original reduciendo sus valores a la mitad y sin líneas divisorias.
Para completar la edición y a modo de propuesta interpretativa, se añaden algunas secciones en canto llano, en esta ocasión, en notación cuadrada, frente a la notación blanca en la que se desarrolla el canto de órgano. Creemos que este tipo de escritura y propuesta interpretativa ayudarán, sin duda, a comprender mejor la obra tal y como fue concebida por el maestro de Ciudad Rodrigo.Juan Esquivel de Barahona's edition of masses, published in Salamanca in 1608, offers us a collection of composed works that brings together some of the compositional traditions in use since the second half of the 16th century. The one we are publishing today, the Missa Ave Virgo Sanctissima, for five voices, takes its thematic material from the motet of the same name by Francisco Guerrero. It is a work that makes use of various resources, as Guerrero himself did in his motet: imitative polyphony, use of the canon technique and cantus firmus ostinato.
The first section of the book, the one devoted to the study of the work, reports on the discovery of the complete printed mass that was thought to be lost, identifies and analyses the different motifs used to construct this mass and examines the different compositional resources used in it.
In the second part, the complete version of the Missa Ave Virgo Sanctissima is offered in modern transcription. As in previous editions of this series, which constitutes Juan Esquivel's Opera Omnia, we have chosen to maintain the original height of the work, reducing its values by half and without dividing lines.
To complete the edition and as an interpretative proposal, some sections in plainchant are added, on this occasion in square notation, as opposed to the white notation in which the 'canto de órgano' takes place. We believe that this type of writing and interpretative approach will undoubtedly help to better understand the work as it was conceived by the master from Ciudad Rodrigo.Edición financiada gracias a la Ayuda para la realización de Actividades de Investigación y Desarrollo tecnológico a Grupos de Investigación GR21160, concedida por la Consejería de Economía, Ciencia y Agenda Digital de la Junta de Extremadura y el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, Una manera de hacer Europa, de la Unión Europea, en colaboración con el Centro de Estudios Mirobrigenses.peerReviewe
Critical Racial Pedagogy in Spanish Comics
No full textProponemos en este artículo una aproximación al cómic como pedagogía pública crítica en la representación racial y narrativas antirracistas. El análisis explora cómo se conforman diversos procesos de racialización y otredad en autoras españolas a partir de la pedagogía crítica pública, la teoría crítica racial y los estudios del cómic sobre raza. Se ofrecen tres aproximaciones con tres tipos de cómics diferentes: La construcción de la otredad en cómics con fines humanitarios, el humor como pedagogía crítica y la autobiografía como exploración de procesos racializantes. Lo que busca este artículo es contribuir a un debate mucho más establecido fuera de nuestras fronteras sobre inclusión, diversidad y representación en el cómic, que resulta igualmente necesario en el ámbito nacional.In this paper, I study racial representation and antiracist narratives on comics as critical public pedagogy. I analyze how Spanish artists depict a set of racializing and “othering” processes through the lense of critical public pedagogy, Critical Race Theory and comics studies on race. I provide three approaches on three different sets of comics: the construction of the “other” in comics funded by humanitarian organizations, humor as critical public pedagogy and autobiography as an exploration of racializing processes. The aim of this article is to contribute to discussions about inclusion, diversity and representation in comics that are already well-established and expanding outside Spain but hardly developed in the national context.peerReviewe