EMITTER - International Journal of Engineering Technology
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Optimal Design and Cost Analysis of Hybrid Autonomous Distributed Generation System for a Critical Load
Get PDFOne of the universal targets of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals is affordable and clean energy. It is on this premise that this study presents the integration of PV-wind distributed generation system into an existing diesel generator powered water treatment plant in a suburban town of Wudil, Nigeria. Inadequate and epileptic supply from the grid caused the dependence of the plant on the generator. The optimal design was determined using the Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER) software developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Simulation results produce an optimal hybrid system which includes photovoltaic (PV) panels, wind turbines, converter, batteries and a generator with a cost of energy of $0.26 at a renewable fraction of 95%. An analysis also demonstrates that implementing this design will result in low and fairly constant fuel price in the lifecycle of the project. This will, in turn, support sustainable economic development of communities served by the water treatment plant
Study on Thermoelectric Cooler Driven by Solar Energy in Medan City
Get PDFThe primary purpose of this study is to investigate the performance of thermoelectric cooler driven by solar energy in Medan city, Indonesia. This cooler able to use in a remote area where electricity is still not available. The cooler could be used to store beverage that must be stored at low temperatures to maintain the freshness such as drink cup. The solar thermoelectric cooler is based on the principles of a thermoelectric module or Peltier effect to create a hot side and a cold side. The cold side of the thermoelectric module is utilized for cooling purposes to the cooling space. The heat from the hot side of the module is rejected to ambient surroundings by using heat sinks and fans. The solar thermoelectric cooler was experimentally tested for the cooling purpose. Experimental results showed that the solar thermoelectric cooler could reduce the temperature of the drink cup from 26oC to 15oC in approximately 40 min. The maximum COP of the cooling system during the experiment was calculated and found to be about 0.356. The effect of weather conditions on the COP value was about 85.90%
Underwater Acoustic Channel Characterization of Shallow Water Environment
Get PDFUnderstanding of channel propagation characteristics is a key to the optimal design of underwater acoustic communication. Generally, modelling of underwater acoustic channel is performed based on measurement result in certain site at certain times. Different sites might have different characteristics, each of which can generally be described by a model obtained by averaging measurement results at multiple points in the same environment. This paper describes a characterization of the underwater acoustic channel of tropical shallow water in a Mangrove estuary, which has sediment up to 60 cm at the bottom. Such a channel model is beneficial for the design of communication system in an autonomous underwater vehicle, for instance. The measurement result of delay spread parameter from three different points with the distance of 14 ~ 52 m, has various values. The root mean square (RMS) of delay spread ranges between 0.0621 ~ 0.264 ms, and the maximum delay spread varies with the value of 0.187 ~ 1.0 ms. The pdf fitting shows that Rayleigh distribution describes the fading variation more accurately than Nakagami and Ricean
Analysis on Handwritten Document Text to Identify Human Personality Characteristics by Using Preprocessing and Feature Extraction
Get PDFIt is important that a company uses the right means to recruit employees with certain personal characteristics as needed. Nowadays, the techniques to respond to psychological tests on people’s characteristics have been widely understood by most job applicants, so that it is difficult to know their true personality. Graphology is a way to identify a person’s characteristics by analyzing the handwriting from the document text made by the applicant. The two types of text document of each applicant are obtained from people of different ages and different writing times. The methods of graphology used in this research for identifying the handwriting are preprocessing and feature extraction. The preprocessing method uses projection integrals, shear transformations, and template matching. While the feature extraction process applies 10 features, they are, margins, line spacing, space between words, size of writing, style, zone, direction of writing, slope of writing, width of writing and shape of the letter. The result of the experiment from five writers shows the accuracy of writing identification equals to 82%, while personality identification equals to 67,4%
Teen-Size Humanoid “FLoW†Complete Analytical Kinematics
No full textHumanoid research in Indonesia is quite a lot, but in reality only limited in kid-size proportional size, while for the Teen-Size is still rare. Research on the Teen-Size Humanoid robot requires more joints to be able to perform the movement compared to the size of Kid-Size, therefore required more complex modeling to determine the movement. With complete kinematics anlysis, the movement of the robot can be solved. With kinematic forward-invers, researchers can determine the movement of robots by controlling the motor parts that function as a joint on the robot. In this study, the modeling uses D-H parameter, because this modeling has been widely used, besides the calculation can be solved by computing. And then for the simulation can be done with V-REP software. Forward-invers kinematics can be implemented on the PID algorithm, in order to generate speed on the motor that can form an angle on the motor to make the movement. The result of this research is to obtain equation of matrix transformation from all body parts of robot. With the creation of this Humanoid Teen-Size robot, it is hoped that the research on Humanoid robot in Indonesia will be increasingly diverse and increasing, and can be used as a support and reference in the development of Humanoid Teen-Size next
The Enhancement of 3 MHz Ultrasonic Echo Signal for Conversion Curve Development for Acoustic Impedance Estimation by Using Wavelet Transform
Get PDFUltrasonic technology has already been used for many applications. Most of them are mainly used for object measurement. Some techniques have been widely applied to particular measurement by utilizing a very specific component. In this research, the previous technique to develop a conversion curve to obtain the acoustic impedance of the target is adopted. Then, we propose a 3 MHz concave shaped ultrasonic transducer for measuring liquids and a confirmation is needed to confirm if the system used is correct. Therefore, several saline solutions which property has been known are used. A low voltage of 10 Volt pulse is used to trigger the transducer. The ultrasonic wave is then transmitted through the multilayered mediums, which is pure water, clear acrylic, and the target. The echo from the interface between the acrylic and the target is then received by the same transducer. Some parameters such as peak and RMS are used to develop the conversion curve. A peak detection and comparison between the original echo and the processed one by using Wavelet transform (UWT and DWT) is then performed. Some analysis of the echo signal by using multiresolution and time-frequency analysis is also proposed. The result obtained from the measurement is then compared to that from the theoretical calculation. Based on the result, in terms of developing the calibration graph, only the RMS value (UWT) which has the closest trend to the result of the calculation, with the mean percentage error of 0.65512%, which is the smallest value among all parameters
Performance and Economic Analysis of Multi-Rotor Wind Turbine
Get PDFPower production of a wind turbine is dependent upon its rotor size and at present wind turbines with large rotor diameter (>175 m) are available in the market. However major problems associated with such large size conventional turbines are their cost & noise pollution. Due to these reason researchers have diverted their attention towards lower sized equivalent multi-rotor wind turbines. These turbines are found to be cheaper and good performers. Keeping it in view, in this paper an effort has been made to compare the energy yield and economics of two types of wind turbines i.e. single rotor & multi rotor wind turbine. Power, energy and cost models as proposed are used to determine the annual energy yield and economics of multi-rotor turbines. Simulation results as presented in this paper justify the suitability of multi-rotor wind turbine in place of single rotor configuration. Such turbines deliver more energy yield with low installation cost in contrast to single rotor turbines
Assembly Sequence Planning by Probabilistic Tree Transformation
Get PDFVarious types of computer systems including CAD/CAM systems have been introduced in machine industry. Some of the systems can handle assembly sequence planning, however it requires long time for planning. This paper proposes a method of generating assembly sequences efficiently. This method extracts some parts and/or subassemblies whose possibilities of being removed from a product are strong, and tests whether they can be removed without any geometric interference. By performing these operations repeatedly, the method generates a disassembly sequence of the product, and obtains an assembly sequence by reversing it. The extraction of some parts and/or subassemblies is performed, based on probabilistic tree transformation. The authors present a calculation example by using a software tool integrated with a CAD system
Simulation design of an Intelligent system for Automotive transmission Gearbox Based on FPGA
Get PDFIn this paper, an artificial intelligent system has been designed, realized, and downloaded into FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), which is used to control five speed ratio steps ( 1,2,3,4,5) of an electrically controlled type of automotive transmission gearbox of a vehicle, the first speed ratio step (1) is characterized by the highest torque, a lowest velocity, while, the fifth step is characterized by the lowest torque, and highest velocity.The Back-propagation neural network has been used as the intelligent system for the proposed system. The proposed neural network is composed from  eight neurons in the input layer, five neurons in the hidden layer, and five neurons in the output layer. For real downloading into the FPGA, Satlins and Satlin linear activation function has been used for the hidden and output layers respectively. The training function Trainlm ( Levenberg-Marqurdt training) has been used as a learning method for the proposed neural network, which it has a powerful algorithm. The proposed simulation system has been designed and downloaded into the FPGA using MATLAB and ISE Design Suit software packages
Walking Trajectory Optimization Algorithm For Robot Humanoid on Synthetic Grass
Get PDFSynthetic grass surface is a new rule in international robot soccer competition (RoboCup). The main issue in the development of the RoboCup competition today is about how to make a humanoid robot walk above the field of synthetic grass. Because of that, the humanoid robot needs a system that can be implemented into the walking algorithm. This paper describes how to maintain the stability of humanoid robot called EROS by using walking trajectory algorithm without a control system. The establishment of the walking trajectory system is combined with a process of landing optimization using deceleration and heel-strikes gait optimization. This system has been implemented into a humanoid robot with 52 cm of height and walking on synthetic grass with different speeds. By adding optimization, the robot walks more stable from 32% to 80% of stability. In the next research, the control system will be added to improve the stability