Oita Prefectural College of Arts and Culture Repository / 大分県立芸術文化短期大学リポジトリ
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The Extra-Man Offense in Water Polo at the World Aquatics Championships―Fukuoka 2023: Team and Level Difference between Opponents
Full text linkThis study analyzes circumstances triggering exclusion fouls and the effects of the extra-man offense, according to team and level differences between opponents, during the World Aquatics Championships-Fukuoka 2023.
Eight hundred seventy exclusion fouls triggering 760 extra-man offense situations were analyzed using official date and released videos. Hypothesis testing for the differnces in the population proportions was examined by a chi-square test. Bonferroni correction was used for multiple comparisons. All differences were statistically significant at the 5 percent level.
Regarding the exclusion fouls triggered in the center position by team, Serbia's number was higher than Japan's. Low-ranked teams playing against higher-ranked ones had significantly more fouls than did medium-ranked teams playing each other in direct free throw shots from further than six meters. Exclusion fouls were triggered by high-and medium-ranked teams, which had large-scale center forward players, and by low-ranked teams making direct free throw shots from further than six meters without being able to shoot from further within.
Concerning the extra-man offense, according to team levels, high-and medium-ranked teams triggered more goals and penalty fouls than did low-ranked ones. Low-ranked teams had more incidents of misses and turnovers compared to medium-and high-ranked teams. Additionally, when looking at team levels, medium-ranked teams playing low-ranked ones had significantly more goals and penalty fouls than did low-ranked teams playing medium-ranked ones.
Low-ranked teams must reduce the number of misses and turnovers to raise their shot success rate from less than 20% compared to higher-ranked ones in order to catch up with higher-ranked teams
THERMODYNAMICS FOR THE NATURAL SCIENTIFIC CULTURE IN JUNIOR COLLEGE COURSE
Full text linkP(論文)Recently in several books of biology or biochemistry published with the object for popular knowledge of natural science, we often find that the conception of the modern thermodynamics based on statistical mechanics is included. But at high school in our country, we do not relate to the thermodynamics, so the author tried to lecture on it at Junior College course. when it is lectured not in technical course, but for the object for the culture of general student, it must be noticed that the lecture is possibly held within the range of the knowledge of mathematics, physics, chemistry and biology which have been learned at high school. Instead of a mathematical or abstract method, therefor, a concrete explanation and such a method as explained gradually based on "Entropy" are suitable, and by means of such an explanation the student will be able to understand the foundamental conception of both the modern thermodynamics and the classical and have a higher order's observation on nature
