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Classification of the sperm chromatin compaction alterations in bulls (Bos taurus) and its correlation with the efficiency of the in vitro production of embryos
Get PDFThis paper proposes to classify the sperm chromatin compaction alterations in bulls, according to the affected area location and its objective is evaluating the correlation of the intensity, the heterogeneity and these kinds of chromatin decompaction with the rates of cleavage and the formation of blastocysts of in vitro production of embryos (IVPE). It was used several subfertile animals sperm samples, which were evaluated using the toluidine blue staining and computer image analysis, making possible the categorization of the chromatin decompaction according to their location. The percentages of chromatin decompaction and heterogeneity were also evaluated. IVPEs were done and the rates of cleavage and of blastocysts were correlated with the chromatin characteristics. It made possible the classification of the chromatin decompaction according to the head affected part in at least four types: base decompaction, basal half decompaction, central axis decompaction, total decompaction. Based on the correlation, it can be implicated that each type of classification has different influences on the bull fertility. It made possible understanding that sperms amount with 5% or more of chromatin decompaction intensity interferes in the bull fertility and this condition can be featured as an uncompensable defect, while the heterogeneity of chromatin is not an important factor in the IVPE results
Acaricidal activity of Furcraea foetida leaf extract against engorged female Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks
Get PDFThe Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus tick is a major concern for the livestock market worldwide, as it causes serious economic damage. Plant-derived acaricides are an attractive alternative to control this ectoparasite and limit the development of resistance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the acaricidal activity of Furcraea foetida leaf extract against engorged female R. (B.) microplus ticks. Our in vitro bioassays showed that the crude extract of leaves from F. foetida caused hemorrhagic swelling and skin lesions in the ticks, and three days of treatment caused 100% mortality. Dose-response assay indicated that this toxicity effect was dose-dependent. Similar effects were observed when the crude extract from F. foetida leaves was denatured by boiling at 100°C. These results suggest that the toxicity of the leaf extract might be associated with thermostable biomolecules. Together, our results show for the first time that the crude extract of F. foetida leaves has acaricidal activity against engorged female R. (B.) microplus ticks and it acts in a dose-dependent manner
Effects of Stryphnodendron adstringens extracts on murine 4T1 tumor line
Get PDFBreast cancer appears as the main gynecological cancer and presents high morbidity and mortality. Because most diagnoses are made belatedly, it is necessary to seek therapeutic options that aim for advanced stages of the disease. This study aims to evaluate the antitumoral action of Stryphnodendron adstringens fruit extracts on 4T1 murine mammary carcinoma cell culture. The inhibitory potential of S. adstringens fruit extract on the metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2 and 9 was evaluated through zymography. From these results, MTT assays were performed to evaluate the extracts’ effects on the murine mammary carcinoma 4T1 line cell viability. From the crude extract, the following extracts were obtained: hydroalcoholic (SAFCEA), hexane (SAFCEB), chloroform (SAFCEC), and ethyl acetate (SAFCED). Lastly, the migration of the cells treated with extracts SAFCEA and SAFCED was verified. The hydroalcoholic extract (SAFCEA) was the most efficient in inhibiting gelatinases. During the phytochemical study, it was noted that alkaloids were present in all partitions. The 50 % growth inhibition (IC50) concentrations found were: 40.1 μg/mL (SAFCEA) and 70.14 μg/mL (SAFCED). After the cellular cytotoxicity assay, cell morphology was altered by treatment with the selected partitions (SAFCEA and SAFCED), obtaining morphology consistent with apoptosis. The results demonstrate that S. adstringens extracts exhibit the inhibitory activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 as well as cytotoxicity toward 4T1 tumor cells. These findings indicate that follow-up studies of the partitions from S. adstringens may lead to the development of novel chemotherapeutics for oncological treatments
Efeito dos subprodutos de palmito pupunha e uva nas propriedades nutricionais, físico-químicas e sensoriais de cereais matinais extrusados
Get PDFExtruded breakfast cereals they have low nutritional and high energetic values. The aim of this study was to develop extruded breakfast cereals by replacing part of corn meal by different proportions of by-products of grape (5-10%) and peach palm (7.5-15%). Samples were sweetened with xylitol while moisture was controlled with grape juice. Six formulations, which were produced in a 22 experimental design, were analyzed regarding their composition, besides their technological, mechanical, antioxidant and sensory properties. Addition of different amounts of flours, produced with the wastes of grape (GF) and peach palm (PF), increased the dietary fibers and antioxidant contents of cereals formulations. However, at the highest levels addition, there was a decrease in expansion and an increase in hardness and water solubility properties. Thus, the incorporation of grape and peach palm by-products at smaller proportions showed higher viability, since they exhibited satisfactory sensory acceptance, technological properties and bowl life.Os cereais matinais apresentam baixo valor nutricional e alto valor energético. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver cereais matinais extrusados substituindo parte da farinha de milho por diferentes proporções de subprodutos de uva (5-10%) e palmito pupunha (7.5-15%). As formulações foram adoçadas com xilitol e a umidade controlada com suco de uva. Seis formulações foram produzidas utilizando o delineamento experimental 22, onde foram analisados com relação à composição proximal, propriedades tecnológicas, mecânicas, antioxidantes e sensoriais. A adição de diferentes quantidades de farinhas produzidas com os subprodutos de uva (FU) e palmito pupunha (FP) aumentou as fibras dietéticas e o conteúdo de antioxidantes nas formulações de cereais matinais desenvolvidas. No entanto, nos mais altos níveis de adição ocorreram um decréscimo na expansão e aumento na dureza e solubilidade em água. A incorporação de subprodutos de uva e palmito pupunha em menores proporções mostrou alta viabilidade, pois apresentaram satisfatória aceitação sensorial, propriedades tecnológicas e bowl life.  
Comparison of the spermatogenic process in three different mice strains: Swiss, Balb/C and C57BL/6
Get PDFMany studies have been trying to establish standard protocols for animal experimentation, especially for animal species or strains, to master research variables with high precision. The main mouse strains used in the field of the biology of reproduction are Swiss, Balb/c, and C57BL/6. Since some of the strains show reproduction limitations, such as the size of the litter, the present study aimed to compare their spermatogenic processes to verify differences regarding the testicular parenchyma and germ cell populations, which could explain low offspring production. In addition, the present study provides additional information concerning the testicular parenchyma of such strains, which consequently would help researchers to choose the most suitable strain for reproductive studies. Six adult male mice were used for each of the strains. After euthanasia, the testes were weighed, fixated with Karnovsky fixative, embedded in methacrylate, sectioned, and stained with toluidine blue/sodium borate 1%. Morphometrical analyses from the testicular parenchyma (seminiferous tubules and interstitium) were made using the software ImageJ. Germ and Sertoli cells populations were counted in seminiferous tubules cross-sections at stage I of the seminiferous epithelium cycle. The lowest body and testicular weights were observed in C57BL/6 animals, followed by Balb/c and Swiss, however, the relative testes, parenchyma, and albuginea weights were significantly lower only in C57BL/6. Despite the seminiferous tubules and seminiferous epithelium proportions were lower in Swiss animals, their relative amount related to the body weight was the same among strains. The total number of germ cells was higher in Swiss animals, reflecting higher spermatogenic yield and daily sperm production. Due to the lower relative number of Sertoli cells, the Swiss animals showed the highest Sertoli cell index and support capacity. On the other hand, the lowest pathological indexes regarding the germ cells were observed in Balb/c animals, followed by Swiss and C57BL/6. In the interstitium, the proportion of blood vessels was lower in Swiss mice, while the lymphatic cell proportion was lower in C57BL/6 animals. Moreover, the highest proportions of Leydig cells and macrophages were noticed in Swiss mice, which may indicate increased testosterone levels. Altogether, such observations must be taken into account when choosing any of the studied strains for reproduction studies.Many studies have been trying to establish standard protocols for animal experimentation, especially for animal species or strains, to master research variables with high precision. The main mouse strains used in the field of the biology of reproduction are Swiss, Balb/c, and C57BL/6. Since some of the strains show reproduction limitations, such as the size of the litter, the present study aimed to compare their spermatogenic processes to verify differences regarding the testicular parenchyma and germ cell populations, which could explain low offspring production. In addition, the present study provides additional information concerning the testicular parenchyma of such strains, which consequently would help researchers to choose the most suitable strain for reproductive studies. Six adult male mice were used for each of the strains. After euthanasia, the testes were weighed, fixated with Karnovsky fixative, embedded in methacrylate, sectioned, and stained with toluidine blue/sodium borate 1%. Morphometrical analyses from the testicular parenchyma (seminiferous tubules and interstitium) were made using the software ImageJ. Germ and Sertoli cells populations were counted in seminiferous tubules cross-sections at stage I of the seminiferous epithelium cycle. The lowest body and testicular weights were observed in C57BL/6 animals, followed by Balb/c and Swiss, however, the relative testes, parenchyma, and albuginea weights were significantly lower only in C57BL/6. Despite the seminiferous tubules and seminiferous epithelium proportions were lower in Swiss animals, their relative amount related to the body weight was the same among strains. The total number of germ cells was higher in Swiss animals, reflecting higher spermatogenic yield and daily sperm production. Due to the lower relative number of Sertoli cells, the Swiss animals showed the highest Sertoli cell index and support capacity. On the other hand, the lowest pathological indexes regarding the germ cells were observed in Balb/c animals, followed by Swiss and C57BL/6. In the interstitium, the proportion of blood vessels was lower in Swiss mice, while the lymphatic cell proportion was lower in C57BL/6 animals. Moreover, the highest proportions of Leydig cells and macrophages were noticed in Swiss mice, which may indicate increased testosterone levels. Altogether, such observations must be taken into account when choosing any of the studied strains for reproduction studies
Eficiência de óleos essenciais no manejo da podridão mole causada por Pectobacterium aroidearum em alface
No full textLettuce is susceptible to several diseases, especially soft rot caused by bacteria of the genus Pectobacterium. Due to the adaptability of this pathogen and the lack of disease control registered for the crop, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of essential oils in the management of soft rot caused by P. aroidearum in lettuce. The study was developed at the Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Juazeiro, BA, Brazil, and the essential oils (EOs) of orange, bergamot, lemongrass, palmarosa, citronella, cloves, tea tree, rosemary, sage, and ginger were used in concentrations of 0.25; 0.5; 0.75 and 1.0% to assess the in vitro growth inhibition of the bacterium. Subsequently, the curative effects of the disease were evaluated by applying the EOs that obtained the best results in vitro in lettuce plants of the susceptible variety “Mônica”. The treatments were applied, via spraying, 12 hours after inoculation using the bite method with bacterial suspension. The best in vivo treatment was selected to assess its preventive and curative activity, as well as to find the ideal concentration for reducing epidemiological variables and chromatographic characterization. The EOs of palmarosa, sage, citronella, lemongrass, and cloves (0.25%), and that of sage (0.75%), inhibited bacterial growth in vitro. The EO of salvia showed the best results in vivo, inhibiting the growth of the disease in concentrations of 0.50 and 0.75%, so it was selected for the preventive and curative control tests alone. The preventive treatment was not efficient for the management of soft rot in lettuce, however, from the regression analysis, a concentration of 0.64% of the salvia EO was found as a potential for curative control of this bacteriosis, as it reduces the incidence and severity of the disease. Linalyl acetate and linalool were found in higher concentrations in the chromatographic analysis. These components, probably, conferred the bactericidal capacity of the EO of sage, being potential for the use in the control of P. aroidearum in lettuce.
A alface está suscetível a diversas doenças, destacando-se a podridão mole causada por bactérias do gênero Pectobacterium. Devido a sua a adaptabilidade deste patógeno e a inexistência de controle da doença registrado para a cultura, o objetivo deste trabalho foi o de avaliar os efeitos de óleos essenciais no manejo da podridão mole causada por P. aroidearum em alface. Foram utilizados os óleos essenciais (OEs) de laranja, bergamota, capim-limão, palmarosa, citronela, cravo, melaleuca, alecrim, sálvia e gengibre nas concentrações de 0,25; 0,5; 0,75 e 1,0% para avaliar a inibição do crescimento in vitro da bactéria. Posteriormente, avaliaram-se os efeitos curativos da doença aplicando-se os óleos essenciais que obtiveram melhores resultados in vitro em plantas de alface da variedade suscetível “Mônica”. Os tratamentos foram aplicados, via pulverização, 12 horas após a inoculação utilizando-se o método da picada com suspensão bacteriana. O melhor tratamento in vivo foi selecionado para avaliar sua atividade preventiva e curativa, bem como encontrar a concentração ideal para redução das variáveis epidemiológicas e caracterização cromatográfica. Os OEs de palmarosa, sálvia, citronela, capim-limão e cravo (0,25%), e o de sálvia (0,75%), inibiram o crescimento bacteriano in vitro. O OE de sálvia apresentou os melhores resultados in vivo inibindo o crescimento da doença nas concentrações de 0,50 e 0,75%, então, foi selecionado para os testes de controle preventivo e curativo isoladamente. O tratamento preventivo não foi eficiente para o manejo da podridão mole em alface, entretanto, a partir da análise de regressão, foi encontrada a concentração de 0,64% do OE de sálvia como potencial para o controle curativo dessa bacteriose, por reduzir a incidência e severidade da doença. O lynalyl acetato e linalol foram encontrados em maiores concentrações na análise cromatográfica. Estes componentes, provavelmente, conferiram a capacidade bactericida do óleo essencial de sálvia, sendo potencial para o uso no controle de P. aroidearum em alface
Avaliação dos índices de tolerância à seca em espécies locais de cevada sob condições irrigadas e secas
No full textBarley cultivation for drought areas requires reliable assessment of drought tolerance variability among the breeding germplasms. Hence, 121 barley landraces, advanced breeding lines and varieties were evaluated under both moisture non-stress and stress field conditions using a lattice square (11×11) design with two replications for each set of trials. Twelve drought tolerance indices (SSI, TOL, MP, GMP, STI, YI, YSI, HM, SDI, DI, RDI and SSPI) were used based on grain yield under normal (Yp) and drought (Ys) conditions. Analysis of variance showed a significant genetic variation among genotypes for all indices with the exception of TOL and SSPI indices. Yp had a very strong association with Ys (r=0.92**) that indicates high yield potential under non-stress can predict better yield under stress conditions. Yp and Ys were positively and significantly correlated with MP, GMP, STI, YI, HM and DI indices, whereas they were negatively correlated with SSI and SDI. In principal component analysis (PCA), the first PC explained 64% of total variation with Yp, Ys, MP, GMP, STI, YI, HM and DI. The second PC explained 35.6% of the total variation and had positive correlation with SSI, TOL, SDI and SSPI. It can be concluded that MP, GMP, STI, YI, HM and DI indices with the most positive and significant correlation with yield at both non-stress and stress environments would be better indices to screen barley genotypes, although none of the indices could undoubtedly identify high yield genotypes under both conditions.O cultivo de cevada para áreas de seca requer avaliação confiável da variabilidade da tolerância à seca entre os germoplasmas reprodutores. Assim, 121 espécies locais de cevada, linhas de reprodução avançadas e as variedades foram avaliadas sob condições de campo não estressantes e de estresse de umidade, usando um desenho de malha quadrada (11×11) com duas repetições para cada conjunto de ensaios. Utilizaram-se doze índices de tolerância à seca (SSI, TOL, MP, GMP, STI, YI, YSI, HM, SDI, DI, RDI and SSPI), com base no rendimento de grãos sob condições normal (Yp) e seca (Ys). A análise de variância mostrou uma variação genética significativa entre os genótipos para todos os índices, com exceção dos índices TOL e SSPI. O Yp teve uma associação muito forte com o Ys (r=0,92**), o que indica que o potencial de alto rendimento sob não-estresse pode prever melhor rendimento sob condições de estresse. Yp e Ys foram positivamente e significativamente correlacionados com os índices MP, GMP, STI, YI, HM e DI, enquanto que foram correlacionados negativamente com SSI e SDI. Na análise de componentes principais (PCA), o primeiro PC explicou 64% da variação total com Yp, Ys, MP, GMP, STI, YI, HM e DI. O segundo PC explicou 35,6% da variação total e apresentou correlação positiva com SSI, TOL, SDI e SSPI. Pode-se concluir que os índices MP, GMP, STI, YI, HM e DI com a correlação mais positiva e significativa com a produção nos ambientes de não-estresse e de estresse seriam melhores índices para a seleção de genótipos de cevada, embora nenhum dos índices pudesse indubitavelmente identificar genótipos de alto rendimento sob ambas as condições
Uma existência solícita: o cuidado da mãe à criança/adolescente com paralisia cerebral
Get PDFTo understand the care of the mother to the child/adolescent with cerebral palsy. A qualitative study with a hermeneutical phenomenological approach based on Heidegger and Ricoeur. It was developed with ten mothers of child/adolescent with cerebral palsy who attend an Association of Parents and Friends of Special of a city located in the north of the State of Rio Grande do Sul/Brazil. The information was collected through the phenomenological interview, from April to June 2015 and was interpreted with the hermeneutics of Ricoeur. The results showed that the mother of the child/adolescent with cerebral palsy reorganized her life in order to dedicate herself exclusively to the care of the child, offering her the maximum of existential possibilities. The being-in-the-world of these mothers is to be-with the child in a bond so intense that the mother in many moments is understood as part of the corporality of the son. Due to the range of complex care that the mother dedicates to the child/adolescent with cerebral palsy, it is necessary that the health professionals, especially the nurse, put themselves in the presence of the mother, and taking care of it as a way of being in care.Compreender o cuidado da mãe à criança/adolescente com paralisia cerebral. Estudo qualitativo com abordagem fenomenológica hermenêutica baseada em Heidegger e Ricoeur. Foi desenvolvido com dez mães de criança/adolescente com paralisia cerebral, que frequentam uma Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais de uma cidade localizada ao norte do estado do Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil. A coleta das informações por meio da entrevista fenomenológica, ocorreu no período de abril a junho de 2015 e foram interpretadas com a hermenêutica de Ricoeur. Os resultados mostraram que a mãe da criança/adolescente com paralisia cerebral reorganiza sua vida a fim de dedicar-se exclusivamente ao cuidado do filho, ofertando-lhe o máximo de possibilidades existenciais. O ser-no-mundo destas mães é ser-com o filho em uma ligação tão intensa que a mãe em muitos momentos se compreende como parte da corporeidade do filho. Devido a gama de cuidados complexos que a mãe dedica a criança/adolescente com paralisia cerebral, faz-se necessário que os profissionais de saúde, em especial o enfermeiro, coloquem-se como presença aproximando-se da mãe, percebendo-a e cuidando-a como modo de ser na solicitude
Atividade antimicrobiana in vitro de plantas mexicanas sobre bacterias de mastite bovina: estudos preliminares
Get PDFThe present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of traditionally used antibacterial plants (Euphorbia prostrata, Schinus molle, Brickellia veronicaefolia and Lepidium virginicum) in Santa Rosa Range in Guanajuato against major mastitis-causing pathogens. The selected plants were phytochemically screened for alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, saponins, anthraquinone, cardiac glycosides, steroids and terpenoids. Moreover, to achieve the main purpose of the present research, extracts of selected plants were tested for in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Shigella spp., Bacillus subtilis, Clavibacter spp., Proteus vulgaris and Salmonella spp. All these bacterial were isolated from clinical mastitis in dairy cows. The results indicated that the ethanolic extract of the aerial part of L. virginicum exhibited the strongest antimicrobial activity, and it could be potential candidate specie for the development of novel veterinary drugs with low cost and fewer side effects.O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a eficácia de plantas antibacterianas tradicionalmente usadas (Euphorbia prostrata, Schinus molle, Brickellia veronicaefolia e Lepidium virginicum) na cordilheira Santa Rosa, em Guanajuato, contra os principais patógenos causadores de mastite. As plantas selecionadas foram rastreadas fitoquimicamente quanto a alcalóides, flavonóides, polifenóis, saponinas, antraquinona, glicosídeos cardíacos, esteróides e terpenóides. Além disso, para atingir o objetivo principal da presente pesquisa, extratos de plantas selecionadas foram testados quanto à atividade antibacteriana in vitro contra Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Shigella spp., Bacillus subtilis, Clavibacter spp., Proteus vulgaris e Salmonella spp. Todas essas bactérias foram isoladas de mastite clínica em vacas leiteiras. Os resultados indicaram que o extrato etanólico da parte aérea de L. virginicum exibia a atividade antimicrobiana mais forte e poderia ser uma espécie potencial candidata ao desenvolvimento de novos medicamentos veterinários com baixo custo e menos efeitos colaterais
Avaliação de metodologias de coleta de urina para estimar a síntese microbiana em dietas de bovinos contendo ou não contendo lipídeos
No full textThis study investigated the effectiveness of the urine sample collection method in predicting the volume urinary and synthesis of microbial nitrogen. Eight fistulated steers were used with accessible rumens and kept in individual stalls. Their diets consisted of corn silage; corn silage + concentrate; corn silage + concentrate with addition of lipids in the form of soybean oil; and corn silage + concentrate with addition of lipids in the form of soybean grains. Estimates of microbial protein synthesis were obtained based on the urinary excretion of purine derivatives. There was no effect of diets on daily creatinine excretion (P>0.05). There were differences (P<0.05) between the urinary volume and microbial synthesis values determined by the total urine collection and those estimated from the urine spot samples and equations proposed by different authors. The estimation of microbial synthesis based on the urine excretion of purine derivatives should be performed from the total collection of the urine for a period of 24 hours.
Este estudo investigou a eficácia do método de coleta de amostras de urina sobre a predição do volume urinário e síntese de nitrogênio microbiano. Oito novilhos fistulados foram utilizados com rúmen acessível e mantidos em baias individuais. Suas dietas consistiram de silagem de milho; silagem de milho + concentrado; silagem de milho + concentrado com adição de lipídios na forma de óleo de soja; e silagem de milho + concentrado com adição de lipídios na forma de grãos de soja. Estimativas de síntese de proteína microbiana foram obtidas com base na excreção urinária de derivados de purina. Não houve efeito de dietas na excreção diária de creatinina (P> 0,05). Houve diferenças (P <0,05) entre o volume urinário e os valores de síntese microbiana determinados pela coleta total de urina e os estimados a partir das amostras de manchas de urina e equações propostas por diferentes autores. A estimativa da síntese microbiana baseada na excreção de urina dos derivados de purina deve ser realizada a partir da coleta total da urina por um período de 24 horas