Bioscience Journal
Not a member yet
3143 research outputs found
Sort by
Sowing depth and light intensity in the emergence and development of monocotyledonous weeds
Get PDFThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of different sowing depths and light intensities on the emergence and development of the monocot weed species, Urochloa decumbens and Cenchrus echinatus, under field conditions. Each species constituted an experiment, and the experimental design was completely randomized with four replicates. The treatments were arranged in a 6 x 4 factorial scheme, with six sowing depths (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, and 12.0 cm) associated with four solar radiation intensities (100%, 70%, 50%, and 30%) obtained through the use of shading screens. Seedling emergence capacity was evaluated daily to obtain the emergence percentage and speed index. Plant height, floral induction time, and plant dry matter at flowering were measured. Even when subjected to different solar radiation intensities, U. decumbens and C. echinatus seedlings emerged at all the sowing depths. Sowing between 2.0- and 4.0-cm depths favored the emergence of seedlings of U. decumbens and C. echinatus. However, sowing at 12-cm depth reduced the emergence of both species regardless of the solar radiation intensity. Urichloa decumbens plants grown under conditions of greater shading showed the lowest values of height and dry matter accumulation during flowering. High levels of shading facilitated only the etiolation of C. echinatus plants. Increased shading flowering time in both species compared to full sunlight
Ellagic acid on the quality of the adhesive interface of class I composite resin restorations after aging
Get PDFObjective: To evaluate the effect of ellagic acid on the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase by analyzing the quality of the adhesive interface with bond strength measures in periods of 24 hours and six months of storage. Method: 40 healthy human third molars were prepared with class I cavities (5x4x3mm). The teeth were divided into four experimental groups: Group 1- without application of ellagic acid and storage time of 24 hours; Group 2- with ellagic acid/24 hours; G3- without ellagic acid/six months; Group 4- with ellagic acid/six months. Then, the cavities were restored with Single Bond Universal adhesive and Z350 composite resin, with and without the previous application of ellagic acid. Subsequently, hourglass-shaped specimens were obtained and subjected to the bond strength (BS) test (n = 10) in a universal testing machine. The bond test was performed after 24 hours and six months of storage. For the standard evaluation (n = 3) the samples were infiltrated with silver nitrate and placed in a developing solution for analysis in a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The data obtained were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test, showing a statistically significant difference. Results: The highest bond strength values were found for the 24-hour groups followed by the groups with six months of storage. For nano-infiltration, groups G1 and G2 showed lower infiltration than groups G3 and G4. Conclusion: The previous application of ellagic acid did not affect the BS of the adhesive interface of the adhesive system analyzed, regardless of storage time
Sleep quality and body composition in a nursing team
Get PDFRecent studies have shown that nursing professionals have affected sleep quality, yet no relation between sleep quality and body composition has been established. The present study investigated the relation between body composition and sleep quality in nursing professionals. It was a transversal, quantitative, descriptive, and analytical study. Nursing workers from HC-UFU were randomly selected to participate in this study. Interviews were done with validated questionnaire to evaluate sleep quality of the professionals, and a bioimpedance exam was done with a tetrapolar device. Two hundred forty-three professionals of the nursing team participated in the survey, mostly females (n=205; 84.4%), nursing technicians (53.1%). Average abdominal circumference was 91.97±13.83 cm, body fat was 31.668.24% or 24.0711.50 kg. The body mass index (BMI) was 27.094.63. Most participants evaluated sleep quality as bad (n=99; 40.7%) and “Sleep Latency” between 31 and 60 minutes (n=74; 30.5%) in the dominion “Subjective Sleep Quality”. Correlations were observed between: percentage of body water X Sleep Duration Dominion (r=-0.135; p<0.05); water resistance in the body X Dominion Sleep Efficacy (r=0.149; p<0.05); percentage of body fat X “Disfunction During the Day” (r=0.233; p<0.01); fat mass (kg) and fat percentages X “Sleep disturbance”(r=0.148; r=0.177; r=0.182; p<0.01) respectively; BMI X “Sleep Disturbance”, (r=0.146; p<0.05) as well as percentage of lean mass and body water X “Sleep Disturbance” (r=-0.244; r=0.247; p<0.01). This is the first study comparing sleep quality with body composition data in a nursing team. It became clear that more studies should be done to obtain greater knowledge about the health profile of nursing teams and, therefore, establish better plans and solutions for the group studied
Características da secagem por radiação infravermelha em camada fina de fatias de tomate
No full textAn Infrared dryer was used to examine the drying of tomato slices. In this investigation, the influence of infrared radiation (IR) on the rate of drying, physical quality, energy combustion of tomato was estimated at three different levels of intensity at 0.15, 0.20, and 0.35 W/cm² under different air flows of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 m/s. Tomato slices were dried with an initial moisture content of 19.7 to 0.17 g water/g dry solids by infrared drying. The moisture content and drying rates are found to be dramatically affected by infrared density. An increase in the drying rate and a decrease in the drying period occurred with increasing infrared intensity. A decrease in energy consumption was detected with the increase of radiation intensity. The results clarified that the shrinkage ratio increased with increasing infrared intensity. The rehydration ratio raised with the increase in radiation intensity. The change in the colour difference of dried slices increased with an increase in radiation intensity. The models were in comparison using (R²) coefficient of determination, modelling efficiency (EF), and (χ²) reduced chi-square. Midilli model was fit for simulation of all drying conditions and could be used to estimate tomato moisture content at any time during the infrared drying process.The thin-layer drying characteristics of tomato slices were investigated under infrared radiation dryer. In this study, the effect of infrared radiation on drying rate, physical quality, energy combustion of tomato slices was estimated at three different levels of intensity at 0.15, 0.20 and 0.35 W/cm2 Tomato sliced were dried from an initial moisture content of 15.9 to 0.17 g water/g dry solids by infrared radiation drying. The moisture content and drying rates are found to be dramatically affected by microwave power density. The drying rate increased and drying time decreased with increasing infrared radiation intensity. A reduction in specific energy consumption was observed with increase of radiation intensity. Data analysis showed that the shrinkage ratio increased with increasing infrared intensity. The rehydration ratio increased with increase in radiation intensity. The total colour difference between fresh and dried tomato slices increased with increase in radiation intensity. Mathematical modeling using thin-layer drying models from literature was performed. The experimental data were fitted to eleven drying models. The models were compared using the coefficient of determination (R2), modelling efficiency (EF) and reduced chi square (χ2). The Midilli model provided a better fit for all applied drying conditions and could be used to estimate moisture in tomato at any time during the microwave-drying process after running a multiple regression analysis
Efeito de agrotóxicos em formiga Efeito dos agrotóxicos chlorpyriphos, metsulfuron-methyl e thiamethoxam na comunidade de formigas na cultura do trigo
No full textAnts are important components of food webs in several ecosystems. In anthropic areas, they can be used as bioindicators of the environmental impacts caused by many factors or in the evaluation of the dynamics of the recovery of an area after a certain disturbance. In this context, ants can be used as bioindicators in studies on the evaluation of environmental disturbances caused by pesticide use. Thus, the present work investigated the environmental impacts caused by the application of the insecticides chlorpyriphos and thiamethoxam and the herbicide metsulfuron-methyl in the community of ants in wheat crop (Triticum aestivum L.). The data were collected by pitfall traps and Berlese funnels. A Principal Response Curve was used for a relative abundance analysis. In addition, diversity index and richness were calculated for ant communities. The presence of six families, 11 tribes, 15 genera, and 19 morphospecies of ants belonging to the guilds of fungivorous, omnivorous, and predaceous ants were observed in the soil of the wheat crop. The insecticides chlorpyriphos and thiamethoxam reduced the richness, diversity, and relative abundance of ants of all the guilds on the surface and inside the soil. The effect of the herbicide metsulfuron-methyl on the community of ants was lower than the impact of the insecticides on these insects.As formigas são componentes importantes em vários ecossistemas. Em áreas antrópicas, eles podem ser utilizados como bioindicadores de impactos ambientais após quaisquer tipos de perturbação. Nesse contexto, as formigas podem ser utilizadas como bioindicadoras em estudos de avaliação de distúrbios ambientais causados pelo uso de agrotóxicos. Assim, o presente trabalho avaliou o impacto causado pela aplicação dos inseticidas clorpirifós e tiametoxam e do herbicida metsulfuron-methyl na comunidade de formigas na cultura do trigo (Triticum aestivum L.). Os dados foram coletados por armadilhas do tipo pit fall e funis de Berleze. Curva de resposta principal foi usada para análise da abundância. Além disso, índice de diversidade e a riqueza foram calculados para as comunidades de formigas. A presença de seis famílias, 11 tribos, 15 gêneros e 19 morfoespécies de formigas pertencentes às guildas fungívoras, onívoras e predador foi observada na superfície e interior do solo. Os inseticidas clorpirifós e tiametoxam reduziram a riqueza, a diversidade e a abundância das formigas em todas as guildas tanto na superfície quanto no interior do solo. O efeito negativo do herbicida metsulfuron-methyl na comunidade de formigas foi menor do que o impacto dos inseticidas
Uniformity of water distribution by a sprinkler irrigation system on a soccer field
Get PDFSoccer field grass can be compared to highly sensitive crops regarding water deficit and must be irrigated throughout the year to provide decent conditions for use. For this, efficient irrigation systems are necessary to save water and energy, and this is possible, provided that they are evaluated. Therefore, this paper evaluated the water distribution uniformity, by different methodologies, for an irrigation system installed in a grass soccer field. Also, the influences of multiple spacings between sprinklers and meteorological factors on the final results were assessed. The irrigation system had Falcon 6504 sprinklers, operating at the pressure of 320 kPa. Six field essays were conducted considering overlaying water depths originated from the same irrigation system considering spacings between sprinklers varying from 6 m x 6 m, 6 m x 9 m, 9 m x 9 m, 9 m x 12 m, 12 m x 12 m, 12 m x 15 m, 15 m x 15 m, 15 m x 18 m, 18 m x 18 m, 18 m x 21 m, 21 m x 21 m, 21 m x 24 m, 24 m x 24 m, 24 m x 27 m, 27 m x 27 m, 27 m x 30 m and 30 m x 30 m. The uniformity coefficients used were: Christiansen uniformity coefficient (CU), distribution uniformity coefficient (DU), absolute uniformity coefficient (UA), statistical uniformity coefficient (US), Hart uniformity coefficient (UH) and HSPA standard efficiency (UHSPA). Meteorological data were obtained during the essays. Wind speed caused reduction in the length of the water jet applied by the sprinkler and also caused a bigger effect on the water distribution uniformity. Both CU and UH showed higher values compared to the other coefficients. The increase in the spacing between the sprinklers resulted in reduced water distribution coefficients. To comply with technical and economic criteria, an arrangement of 12 m x 15 m between the Falcon 6504 sprinklers, operating at a 320 kPa pressure, is recommended.Os gramados de campos de futebol enquadram-se como culturas de alta sensibilidade ao déficit hídrico e devem ser irrigados para estarem em condições de uso o ano todo. Para isso, sistemas de irrigação eficientes são necessários para economia de água e energia, e isso é possível, desde que sejam avaliados. Sendo assim, avaliou-se a uniformidade de distribuição, por diferentes metodologias, de um sistema de irrigação para gramado de campo de futebol; e verificaram-se as influências de diferentes espaçamentos entre aspersores e fatores climáticos nos resultados. O sistema de irrigação possuía aspersores do modelo Falcon 6504 operando com pressão de 320 kPa. Foram realizados seis testes de campo e as lâminas coletadas foram sobrepostas simulando sistemas de irrigação com espaçamentos entre aspersores de 6x6, 6x9, 9x9, ....., e 30x30 m. Calcularam-se os seguintes coeficientes de uniformidade médios e acumulados: CUC, CUD, CUA, CUE, CUH e UDH. Durante os testes foram medidas algumas variáveis meteorológicas. A velocidade do vento reduziu o alcance do jato aplicado pelo aspersor e conferiu maior efeito na uniformidade de distribuição de água. Os valores de CUC e CUH apresentaram valores próximos e foram superiores aos demais coeficientes. O CUC acumulado apresentou maiores valores em relação ao CUC médio. O aumento do espaçamento entre os aspersores reduziu a uniformidade de distribuição de água. Para atendimento de critérios técnicos e econômicos, recomenda-se o espaçamento de 12x15 m entre os aspersores Falcon 6504 operando com a pressão de serviço de 320 kPa
Optimization of soybean yield in ultisols through adaptive varieties screening and plant growth promoting Rhizobacter
Get PDFThis research was aimed at obtaining varieties of soybean adaptive to acid soils and to obtain Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) isolates that can improve the agronomic characteristics of soybean and increase the ultisols fertility. This research was conducted in two-stages research on Sampali Village, Percut Sei Tuan sub-District, Deli Serdang District, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia from August 2019 until March 2020. The first stage (adaptive varieties screening) using the non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with the varieties of Argomulyo, Wilis, Kaba, Dena-1, Devon-1, Dega-1, Demas-1, Burangrang, Detam-1, and Kipas Merah. The second stage (application of PGPR isolates singly and in combinations) using the factorial RBD, the first factor of applicative single and the combination of PGPR isolates, the second factor of adaptive varieties including Detam-1 and Wilis. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and followed by DMRT at P<0.05. The results showed that the Detam-1 and Wilis varieties had significantly higher yield per plant of 14.73 g and 14.54 g, respectively, than other varieties. The applications of a single and combination of PGPR isolates significantly increased the number of branches, stem diameter, plant height, yield per plant, soil pH, organic-C, available-P, and total-N and decreased the soil C/N. The Detam-1 variety had the higher in yield per plant compared to Wilis variety. The isolates combination of Rhizobium leguminosarum+Rhizobium sp2+Bacillus sp+Burkholderia sp for Detam-1 and Wilis varieties can be recommended to support the growth and yield of soybean on ultisols.Esta investigação teve como objectivo obter variedades de soja adaptáveis a solos ácidos e obter isolados de Rizobactérias Promotoras do Crescimento de Plantas (PGPR) que possam melhorar as características agronómicas e aumentar a fertilidade do ultisol. Esta investigação foi realizada na aldeia de Sampali, sub-distrito de Percut Sei Tuan, distrito de Deli Serdang, província de Sumatra Norte, Indonésia, de Agosto de 2019 até Março de 2020. Foi uma investigação em duas fases. A primeira fase (rastreio de variedades adaptativas) utilizando o desenho de blocos aleatórios não-factoriais com as variedades de Argomulyo, Wilis, Kaba, Dena 1, Devon 1, Dega 1, Demas 1, Burangrang, Detam 1, e Kipas Merah. A segunda fase (aplicação de PGPR isola individualmente e em combinações) utilizando o factorial de desenho de blocos aleatórios, o primeiro factor de aplicação único e a combinação de isolados PGPR, o segundo factor de variedades adaptativas incluindo Detam 1 e Wilis. Os dados foram analisados com ANOVA e seguidos por DMRT nível 5% utilizando o software SAS 9.4 e análise de correlação. Os resultados mostraram que as variedades Detam 1 e Wilis tinham o maior rendimento por planta e significativamente de 14.73 g e 14.54 g, respectivamente, em comparação com outras variedades. As aplicações de uma única e combinação de PGPR isolados aumentaram significativamente o número de ramos, diâmetro do caule, altura da planta, rendimento por planta, pH do solo, C-orgânico, P-disponível, e N-total e diminuíram o solo C/N em comparação com a população não tratada. A variedade Detam 1 teve o maior rendimento por planta em comparação com a variedade Wilis. A interacção das variedades adaptativas com os isolados PGPR não tinha afectado significativamente as características agronómicas da soja e a fertilidade do ultisol. A combinação de isolados de Rhizobium leguminosarium+Rhizobium sp2+Bacillus sp+Burkholderia sp para as variedades Detam 1 e Wilis pode ser recomendada para apoiar o crescimento e a produção de soja em solo ácido, pois causou o maior aumento no número de ramos, altura da planta, diâmetro do caule, e produção por planta em 97.81%; 27,87%; 33.85%; e 106.72% respectivamente e aumentou a fertilidade do ultisol
Occurrence of citrus brown and black spot diseases and their control using pre-harvest approaches
Get PDFMild brown and black spot diseases symptoms were detected on citrus varieties, Valencia and Navel fruits during season 2018 in some citrus orchards at North Egypt. Collected diseased fruit samples revealed isolation of Alternaria alternata and Phyllosticta citricarpa (McAlpine) van der Aa. Some organic acids, salts and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were evaluated against the diseases incidents in vitro and in vivo. Complete growth inhibition was recorded for fungi tested at 2g/L of salicylic acid, Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, Tri-Sodium polyphosphate and 2.5 g/L of S. cerevisiae. All pre-harvest treated Valencia trees, inoculated fruits revealed no diseases symptoms up to 10 days of storage period. Meanwhile, S. cerevisiae and salicylic acid treatments had extended protective effect up to 20 days. Control strategy through spraying Valencia orange trees with yeast or some organic acids and salts as pre-harvest approaches should be taken in consideration especially these diseases began to occur in North region of Egypt
In vitro establishment and multiplication of Echynochloa polystachya
Get PDFThe objective of this work was to carry out the in vitro establishment of Echynochloa polystachya aiming at obtaining a micropropagation protocol for works involving the selection of superior genotypes and the cultivation of the species. E. polystachya stems were collected in the municipality of Manaus-AM. Explants were inoculated in test tubes containing Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. Thirty days after in vitro establishment, the rate of sprouting and contamination were evaluated. Experiments were also carried out to assess the effects of sucrose and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) concentrations on the tillering rate of explants. It was found that during the successive subcultures there was a decrease in internodes and the consequent loss of vigor. There were responses in the multiplication rate at concentrations starting from 45 g L-1 sucrose. In addition, BAP and sucrose interfered the development and in vitro multiplication. Sucrose in conjunction with BAP was harmful and shortened internodes. The physiological state of the explants for the species under study was intrinsically linked to the concentrations of sucrose used for the culture medium and the concentrations of BAP. However, the sucrose and BAP concentrations suggested for in vitro cultivation of E. Polystachya must be adjusted during successive subcultures. Absence of contamination in the in vitro establishment occurred at concentrations 15, 30 and 60 g L-1 sucrose. The combination of 1.5 mg L-1 BAP and 30 g L-1 sucrose promoted greater induction of sprouts. In addition, the in vitro rooting of E. polystachya was 45%
Leaf concentration of macronutrients in oil palm plants fertilized with phosphorus, potassium and magnesium in the Eastern Amazon
Get PDFThe concentrations of nutrients in the leaves allow a better understanding of the nutritional status of oil palm plants, making it a tool for diagnosing the origins of nutritional problems and assisting in fertilizer recommendations. In this sense, the objective of the current research was to evaluate the leaf concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in the oil palm under fertilization with phosphate, potassium and magnesium in edaphoclimatic conditions of Eastern Amazon. The experiment was conducted at the AGROPALMA® Company in the municipality of Tailândia, state of Pará, Brazil. The experimental design used was randomized blocks in a factorial scheme 4 x 2 x 3 x 2, with four levels of phosphorus, two sources of phosphorus (natural phosphate and triple superphosphate), three levels of potassium and two levels of magnesium. Phosphorus fertilization increased the leaf concentrations of N, P, Ca and Mg, providing higher levels when triple superphosphate was applied. However, in adult oil palm plants (12 years old), there was different on leaf concentrations of N, P, K and S between phosphorus sources aphid. Potassium and magnesium fertilization only increased the leaf concentrations of K and Mg, respectively. Fertilization with P, K and Mg promotes adequate leaf concentrations of K, Ca, Mg e S in oil palm plants grown in the Eastern Amazon