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Impact of reminder on medication adherence: a structural equation model, based on study in Sikkim, India
Get PDFThe problem of medication non-adherence has persisted over decades. The rate of adherence decreases with time and improvement in health condition. When patients cannot follow their prescribed medication regime, it leads to deterioration of their health condition and increases their financial costs. This research aims to find the effect of reminder on medication adherence behaviour of patients when “Acceptance of Side Effect”, “Quality of Life” and “Medication Beliefs” act as mediators. The sample size of the research was 505. Sampling units comprised patients suffering from different diseases in Central Referral Hospital, Sikkim, India. By developing a Structural Equation Model, the effect of reminder on the mediators and adherence was analysed. The results show a significant positive association between reminder and the three mediators. Reminder has a significant positive effect on adherence (β=0.637, e=0.055, p=0.001). The effect is higher in the presence of mediators (β=0.7, e=0.037, p=0.001)
Influence of ceramic primers on microshear bond strength to zirconia
Get PDFThis study aimed to investigate the effect of two ceramic primers on the microshear bond strength (µSBS) of yttria-stabilized zirconia (Y-TZP) to two types of self-adhesive resin cement and one BisGMA-based resin cement. Zirconia specimens were sandblasted with 27-µm aluminum oxide and composite cylinders were cemented with resin cement with or without the prior use of ceramic primers. Nine groups (n=12) were randomly distributed according to the cement (self-adhesive RelyX U200/3M ESPE, self-adhesive Maxcem Elite/Kerr, and BisGMA-based dual-cure RelyX ARC/3M ESPE) and ceramic primer (Z-Primer Plus/Bisco and Porcelain Liner M/Sun Medical Co.). After luting, the specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours and then submitted to the µSBS test. The data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA followed by the Scheffe post hoc test (p<0.05). There were significant differences between RelyX U200 and other groups. There were also significant differences between the RelyX U200 group without ceramic primer and other groups without ceramic primers (p<0.05). Self-adhesive resin cement (RelyX U200 and MaxCem) presented higher microshear bond strength (6.17 and 2.32 MPa) than the conventional resin cement (RelyX ARC) when a porcelain primer was not used (0.43 MPa). When using Porcelain Liner M, the results of RelyX ARC (2.94 MPa) were equivalent to the results of self-adhesive cement (3.93 and 2.11 MPa). When using Z-Prime Plus, the results of MaxCem (5.36 MPa) were lower than those of RelyX U200 (9.59 MPa) but equivalent to those of RelyX ARC (6.07 MPa). When using the RelyX ARC, the use of both ceramic primers improved bond strength to zirconia. When using self-adhesive resin cement, Z-Prime Plus improved microshear bond strength values. It can be concluded that, after 24 hours, the highest µSBS results were obtained when using Z-Prime Plus and RelyX U200 self-adhesive cement
Surface roughness evaluation and whitening efficiency on tooth enamel after using whitening toothpaste: a randomized double-blinded study
Get PDFThe aim of this randomized double-blinded study was to evaluate the enamel surface roughness and color change after one month of whitening toothpaste use and the color stability obtained 1 month after its interruption. 30 volunteers were divided into 3 groups (n = 10) corresponding to the dentifrices: 1) Colgate Total 12 Clean Mint (TD) (Control), 2) Colgate Luminous White (LW) and 3) Sensodyne Whitening Extra Fresh (SB). The volunteers were impression with addition silicone to obtain an epoxy resin replica of the upper central incisor for the initial surface roughness evaluation using a profilometer and the initial color of the incisors and canines was evaluated with a spectrophotometer after one week of wash-out. After 1 month, the color of the central incisors and canines was measured again, and the volunteers were molded to obtain a second replica to the final roughness analysis. Data were submitted to ANOVA-one way (p≤0.05). The results showed that there was no statistical difference between the dentifrices for color difference and surface roughness for all the studied conditions. It was possible to conclude that the whitening dentifrices used in this study were not able to alter the initial color of the teeth and did not cause changes in the surface roughness of enamel
Optimizing factors for the efficient expression and purification of spao and lamb from Salmonella typhi
Get PDFWe optimized the expression and purification of outer membrane proteins SpaO and LamB from Salmonella typhi. We investigated various factors in the expression and purification processes, including the use of isopropyl β-d-1 thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), imidazole, and urea. First, PCR amplification was carried out on SpaO and LamB genes. The genes were then cloned in pTZ57R/T, and then expressed in pET28a vector and transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Gene insertion was confirmed by enzymatic digestion with NdeI and XhoI. Inclusion bodies expressing recombinant SpaO and LamB were induced with 200 and 400 µL 0.5 mM IPTG, respectively. The formed protein inclusion bodies were then isolated from the pellet and solubilized in IB buffer containing 8 M urea for SpaO and 6 M urea for LamB. Proteins were refolded by dialysis in 3M urea. Purified proteins with nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid affinity chromatography and eluted with buffer containing 250 mM imidazole for SpaO and 150 mM imidazole for LamB. The protein expression profiles were analyzed by SDS-PAGE, which identified the 33 and 49 kDa bands corresponding to rSpaO and rLamB. Western blotting Purification was carried out by nickel affinity resin with 250 mM and 150 mM imidazole for rSpaO and rLamB and refolded through stepwise dialysis with anti-His tag antibodies confirmed their expression. These optimized methods can be used to generate recombinant proteins for the development of future vaccines.
Atividade fungicida do óleo essencial de Cymbopogon winterianus jowit (Citronela) contra Fusarium solani
Get PDFO declínio é a principal doença da goiabeira causada pelo parasitismo de Meloidogyne enterolobii e pelo fungo Fusarium solani, tem sido responsável pela erradicação de muitos pomares em âmbito nacional, o que resulta em elevada perda econômica aos produtores. Devido à crescente pressão da sociedade por produtos naturais e com o aumento da importância dos óleos essenciais no manejo de doenças de plantas, o objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar os principais componentes e avaliar o efeito fungitóxico do óleo essencial de Cymbopogon winterianus (citronela) sobre três isolados de Fusarium solani (UENF/CF163, UENF/CF241 e UENF/CF295). O óleo essencial foi obtido por hidrodestilação, utilizando o aparelho tipo Clevenger. Os compostos foram identificados por cromatografia gasosa e cromatografia gasosa com detector de massas do óleo essencial. Para avaliar o efeito dos óleos essenciais no crescimento micelial, esporulação e germinação de esporos do fungo, foram utilizadas alíquotas de 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 e 30 μL do óleo essencial que foram distribuídas na superfície do meio de cultura BDA contido em placas de Petri antes da repicagem do fungo. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado num esquema fatorial 1 x 6 + 1, (um óleo, seis alíquotas e uma testemunha adicional), com 5 repetições. Os principais componentes encontrados no óleo de C. winterianus foram o geranial (28,62%), citronelol (23,62%) e neral (17,10%). A menor alíquota do óleo essencial de citronela (5µL) inibiu em mais de 90% a germinação de esporos dos isolados UENF/CF241 e UENF/CF295 e reduziu a produção de esporos em mais de 95% nos três isolados, indicando que esse óleo possui uma boa atividade fungitoxica para esses isolados
The effects of stress reduction strategies of breathing technique relaxation programme and positive psychology on biochemical variable response among schoolteachers
Get PDFWe aimed to investigate the effects of job stress on the biochemical variables of schoolteachers before and after stress reduction strategies. In 2019, 200 schoolteachers (98 males, 102 females) in the private and fully aided higher secondary schools of urban and rural areas in Vellore, India were enrolled in the study based on the principle of consecutive sampling. Questionnaires were used to investigate demographic characteristics and occupational stress-related factors. Fasting blood glucose was detected by venous plasma and a biochemical analyser with the cut-off thresholds method. Salivary cortisol was determined by the specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit method. Total cholesterol in serum was determined by the CHOD-PAP method. Serumalbumin was detected by the bromocresol green dye-binding method on a Roche Modular DP analyser (Roche Diagnostics). Blood pressure was measured by aneroid sphygmomanometers. Levels of fasting blood glucose, salivary cortisol, albumin and cholesterol were lower in the high-tension group than those in the low-tension group. Those of the high-coping strategy group were higher than those of the low-coping strategy group. Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure significantly reduced among the intervention groups after administering the relaxation response programme for three and six weeks, respectively, to urban and rural school teachers. Occupational stress can lead to increased salivary cortisol, cholesterol, albumin, blood glucose and blood pressure levels. The relaxation response programme resulted in quantifiable improvements in physiological markers of stress in rural and urban schoolteachers
Germplasm screening of Myrtus communius Var. Italica l. for cultivar development from dir lower (Malakand Division), Pakistan
Get PDFHabb-ul-Aas is a commercial drug obtained from Myrtus communis L and widely used for abdominal disorders in Pakistan. This sclerophyllous shrub is commonly found in the Lower Dir, Malakand Division, Pakistan. This plant is used as crude drug in herbal as well as pharmaceutical industry due to presence of aromatic oil obtained from various parts of the plant. Two varieties viz., italic and baetica of the plant exist in the world; however, no study reported before about the existence of this species up to the varietal level from Pakistan. The current study was undertaken to characterize the existing germplasm by using certain morphometric parameters in relation to physiognomic features. They exhibit high variability among characters, especially for characteristics useful in selecting cultivars for commercial production. Among the various ecotypes, MBT3 possessed high shoot length (29.96cm), leaf area (2.3cm), fruit volume (0.97ml) & fruit weight (0.88g) and pulp (0.87g) and therefore recommended for the cultivar development
Crop succession and its reflections on soybean performance
Get PDFThe fluctuations in yield and consequently in production occurred due to climatic adversities in the main producing states of Brazil. Farming has changed over time, and past scenarios have shown high exploitation of natural resources focusing on soil tillage and conventional seeding methods. This study aimed to determine the yield performance of soybean grown under 10 consolidated crop succession systems. The experiment was conducted during the 2018/2019 crop season, before the research project entitled “Sustainable production systems with better use of biological and natural resources, with treatments arranged in a randomized block design and four replications”. The treatments consisted of the following predecessor crops: Avena sativa, Avena strigosa, Triticum aestivum, Secale cereale, Brassica napus, Raphanus sativus, Avena strigosa + Raphanus sativus + Vicia sativa, Fallow, Avena strigosa + Lolium multiflorum, and Triticum aestivum – Fodder. Soybean was subsequently sown across winter crops. The succession that showed superior yield was Avena strigosa + Lolium multiflorum. This attribute was established by associating taller plants with the maximization of the number of grains per pod, hundred-grain mass, grain mass, and plant dry mass; in contrast, there was a lower emphasis on plant residue. The determining attributes for soybean yield were plant stand, plant height, the number of pods per plant, and total grain mass, with contrasts among groups composed of the succession of Avena sativa, Avena strigosa, Triticum aestivum, Secale cereale, and Brassica napus, distanced from Raphanus sativus, Avena strigosa + Raphanus sativus + Vicia sativa, Fallow, Avena strigosa + Lolium multiflorum, and Triticum aestivum - Fodder
PROPAGAÇÃO DE MUDAS DE MARACUJAZEIRO AMARELO POR ESTACAS, ENXERTIA E SEMENTES SOB ESTRESSE SALINO
No full textSalinity is one of the most limiting abiotic stresses in the global agricultural sector. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of irrigation water salinity on the initial development of P. edulis Sims. seedlings propagated by seeds, grafting and cuttings. Treatments were distributed in a completely randomized design, in a 5 x 3 factorial arrangement, corresponding to 5 levels of irrigation water electrical conductivity (0.3 - control, 1.8, 3.3, 4.8, and 6.3 dS m-1) and 3 propagation methods (seeds, cuttings and grafting), with four replicates and one plant per plot. Fifty days after the imposition of treatments with saline water, plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, total chlorophyll, stomatal conductance, relative leaf water content, total water consumption, dry matter of root, shoot and total, root length and root volume were evaluated. The increase in water salinity affected with greater intensity the growth and development variables (height, total dry matter and root volume of the plant) and the physiological characteristics (stomatal conductance) of the species Passiflora edulis, regardless of the method of propagation. Seedlings propagated by grafting showed better development compared to the other propagation methods (seeds and cuttings). The interaction between the propagation methods and water salinity affected seedlings propagated by seeds and cuttings with greater intensity.A salinidade é um dos estresses abiótico mais limitante no setor agrícola mundial. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito da salinidade da água de irrigação no desenvolvimento inicial de mudas de P. edulis Sims. propagadas por sementes, enxertia e estacas. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 5 x 3, correspondentes aos 5 níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação (0,3 - controle; 1,8; 3,3; 4,8; e 6,3 dS m-1) e três métodos de propagação (sementes, estacas e enxertia) com quatro repetições tendo uma planta por parcela. Aos 50 dias após início das irrigações com águas salinas, foram avaliados a altura de plantas, número de folhas, diâmetro de caule, clorofila total, condutância estomática, conteúdo relativo de água na folha, consumo hídrico total, biomassa seca da raiz, da parte aérea e total, comprimento e volume de raiz. O estresse salino inibiu a altura das plantas, condutância estomática, massa seca total e volume do sistema radicular do Passiflora. edulis, independentemente do método de propagação. As mudas propagadas por enxertia apresentaram maiores caracteres para altura de planta, diâmetro de caule, clorofila total, consumo hídrico total, massa seca da raiz, parte aérea e total, comprimento e volume de raiz
Biomass and essential oil production of basil at recirculation intervals of nutrient solutions prepared with treated domestic effluents
Get PDFConsidering the growing water crisis, using wastewater helps reduce the pressure on good-quality water consumption. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the growth, production, and essential oil content of Alfavaca Basilicão and Grecco a Palla basil genotypes with a DFT (deep flow technique) hydroponic system adapted to PVC tubes at different recirculation intervals of nutrient solutions prepared with treated domestic effluents. The experiment was performed in a greenhouse with Alfavaca Basilicão and Grecco a Palla basil genotypes analyzed individually. It was a completely randomized design with four replicates in a 2 x 3 factorial scheme: two types of water (public-supply water and wastewater) and three recirculation intervals of nutrient solutions (2, 4, and 6 hours). At 35 days after transplanting, the study evaluated plant height, stem diameter, shoot fresh mass, shoot dry mass, water consumption, water use efficiency, and essential oil content and yield. The types of water did not significantly influence the variables of growth, production, and essential oil content of the basil genotypes. Basil cultivation with the DFT system in tubes is technically feasible with nutrient solutions prepared with treated domestic effluents and recirculation every 2 and 6 hours for Grecco a Palla and Alfavaca Basilicão genotypes, respectively. The means of essential oil content were 1.6 and 1.7% (v/m) for Alfavaca Basilicão and Grecco a Palla genotypes, respectively.Com a crescente crise hídrica, a utilização de águas residuárias é uma prática que ajuda a diminuir a pressão sobre o uso de águas de boa qualidade. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se com o presente estudo avaliar o crescimento, produção e o teor de óleo essencial dos genótipos de manjericão ‘Alfavaca Basilicão’ e ‘Grecco a Palla’ em sistema hidropônico DFT adaptado em tubos de PVC sob diferentes intervalos de recirculações das soluções nutritivas preparadas em efluentes domésticos tratados. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação com os genótipos de manjericão ‘Alfavaca Basilicão’ e ‘Grecco a Palla’, analisados individualmente. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial 2 x 3: dois tipos de água (abastecimento e residuária) e três intervalos de recirculações das soluções nutritivas (2, 4 e 6 h). Aos 35 dias após o transplantio avaliaram-se a altura de planta, diâmetro do caule, as massas de matéria fresca e seca da parte aérea, consumo hídrico, eficiência do uso da água, teor e rendimento de óleo essencial. Os tipos de água não influenciaram significativamente as variáveis de crescimento, produção e teor de óleo essencial dos dois genótipos de manjericão. O cultivo do manjericão no sistema DFT em tubos é tecnicamente viável com soluções nutritivas preparadas em efluentes domésticos tratados e recirculações a cada 2 e 6 h para os genótipos ‘Grecco a Palla’ e ‘Alfavaca Basilicão’, respectivamente. Os teores médios de óleo essencial foram de 1,6 e 1,7% (m/v) para os genótipos ‘Alfavaca Basilicão’ e ‘Grecco a Palla’, respectivamente