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Deposição de diquat com diferentes pontas de pulverização, eficiência sobre aguapé e efeito na qualidade da água
No full textEichhornia crassipes, known as common water hyacinth, has a high growth rate and produces large amounts of biomass when there are imbalances in water bodies, making it one of the worst aquatic weeds in the world. A study was carried out under small water reservoir field conditions to evaluate the herbicide diquat (960 g ha−1) in controlling this species, at the adult stage development. Four spray tips (AI 11002VS, XR 11002VS and, TXVK-8 with spray volume of 200 L ha−1 and XR 11003VS with 400 L ha−1) were tested. Spraying was performed using a CO2-pressurized sprayer under constant pressure attached to a boat. Plant control was visually evaluated at 1, 3, 7, 11, 14, 21, 29, 60, 87, and 98 days after herbicide application and dry matter accumulation was determined at the end of the experimental period, as well as the spray solution deposition in the application area and water physical and chemical quality. The herbicide diquat was efficient in controlling E. crassipes plants at the dose applied and in development stage of the studied plants, regardless of the type of spray tip at the end of the evaluations. At the beginning of evaluations, the spray tip XR 11002VS was the least effectivity in controlling water hyacinth plants. Spray solution losses were high in all tips tested for control of E. crassipes plants, and the spray tips AI 11002VS and XR 11003VS provided the lowest losses during spraying. No water physical or chemical characteristics were negatively affected by diquat application.Eichhornia crassipes (aguapé) apresenta taxa de crescimento elevada e produz grandes quantidades de biomassa quando há desequilíbrios nos corpos hídricos. Isto pode afetar os diferentes usos da água, sendo assim considerada uma das piores plantas daninhas aquáticas do mundo. Instalou-se um estudo em condições de pequeno reservatório hídrico para avaliar o herbicida diquat (960 g ha-1) no controle desta espécie. Testou-se quatro pontas de pulverização (AI 11002VS, XR 11002VS, XR 11003VS e TXVK – 8). A pulverização foi realizada com um pulverizador a pressão constante de CO2 acoplado a um barco. As parcelas contendo as plantas de aguapé foram delimitadas por cordas dentro da água. Avaliou-se visualmente o controle das plantas aos 1, 3, 7, 11, 14, 21, 29, 46, 60, 87 e 98 dias após a aplicação do herbicida e acúmulo de massa seca das plantas ao final do estudo, bem como quantificou-se a deposição da calda na área de aplicação e avaliou-se a qualidade física e química da água. O herbicida diquat foi eficiente no controle das plantas de aguapé. Todas as pontas de pulverização testadas no controle de E. crassipes inicialmente foram eficientes, porém a ponta XR 11002VS mostrou-se menos efetiva ao longo do período de avaliação. As perdas de calda de pulverização foram elevadas para todas as pontas testadas no controle das plantas de E. crassipes, sendo que as pontas AI 11002VS e XR 11003VS proporcionaram as menores perdas de produto durante a pulverização. Nenhuma característica física ou química da água foi negativamente afetada pela aplicação do herbicida diquat
AVALIAÇÃO DAS RESPOSTAS DE ALGUNS TERRENOS E CULTIVARES DE TRIGO CULTIVADOS LOCALMENTE NA ARÁBIA SAUDITA A TRÊS FONTES DE ÁGUA DE IRRIGAÇÃO
No full textThis study was aimed to investigate the response of some wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landraces to three irrigation sources, freshwater (FW), well water (WW), and treated municipal wastewater (TMW), regarding the impact on growth, yield, and grains elements contents. The results showed that the various wheat landraces irrigated with treated wastewater were significantly taller (117.3 cm) with multi tillers (22 tiller plant-1), had maximum spikes per plant (2.6), and longer weighty spikes (14.5 cm & 12.1 g). Landraces L1(Burr), L2 (Baldy Burr), C7 (Yecora Rojo), had maximum tillers, L4 (Alssamaa Burr), L5 (Bahaal Burr), L7 (Yecora Rojo) had more spikes per plant and the longer weighty spikes were recorded in L5 Baldy Burr, L1(Burr), heavy spikes were reported in L5 (Bahaal Burr) and L1(Burr). Moreover, these landraces had the highest yield per plant and 1000 grains weight (49.8 g, 12.5 g) respectively. The N, P, K, and Mg contents were increased under TMW, and their levels in landraces and cultivars in order are 3>L2>L4>L5>L1>C6>C7. Even Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn levels were higher in various landraces irrigated with TMW, however, L3, L2, and L4 had maximum contents of all microelements. TMW irrigation enhanced growth, yield, and grain quality in terms of essential elements. The irrigation of landraces L1, L4, L5 with TMW may be a feasible alternative for sustainable wheat production and safe water in arid regions such as Saudi Arabia.RESUMO: Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a resposta de algumas raças de trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) a três fontes de irrigação: água doce (FW), água de poço (WW) e águas residuais municipais tratadas (TMW), em relação ao impacto no crescimento, conteúdo dos elementos rendimento e grãos. Os resultados mostraram que as várias raças de trigo irrigadas com águas residuais tratadas significativamente mais altas (117,3 cm) com perfilhos múltiplos (22 perfilha-planta 1), tiveram picos máximos por planta (2,6) e picos mais pesados (14,5 cm e 12,1 g). As raças L1 (Burr), L2 (Baldy Burr), C7 (Yecora Rojo) tiveram perfilhos máximos, L4 (Alssamaa Burr), L5 (Bahaal Burr), L7 (Yecora Rojo) tiveram mais espigas por planta e as espigas mais pesadas foram registrado em L5 Baldy Burr, L1 (Burr), foram relatados picos pesados em L5 (Bahaal Burr) e L1 (Burr). Além disso, essas terras apresentaram maior produtividade por planta e peso de 1000 grãos (49,8 g, 12,5 g), respectivamente. Os teores de N, P, K e Mg foram aumentados sob TMW, e seus níveis em cultivares e cultivares na ordem de L3> L2> L4> L5> L1> C6> C7. Mesmo os níveis de Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn foram mais altos em várias raças irrigadas com TMW, porém L3, L2 e L4 apresentaram o máximo de todos os microelementos. A irrigação por TMW melhorou o crescimento, o rendimento e a qualidade dos grãos em termos de elementos essenciais. A irrigação das raças L1, L4, L5 com TMW pode ser uma alternativa viável para a produção sustentável de trigo e água potável em regiões áridas como a Arábia Saudita
AVALIAÇÃO DE PADRÕES ALÉLICOS PARA FINGERPRINTING DNA DE SERINGUEIRA COM MARCADOR MICROSSATÉLITES
No full textThe rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) is native to the Amazon region, and it is widely exploited due to natural rubber produced from latex. There are many clonal varieties, without certification tests. In order to determine a genetic certification, 15 clones were genotyped to identify their genetic pattern. Ten microsatellites were used to determine a subset of alleles exclusive for each genetic profile. The genetic estimates obtained were: number of alleles per locus (N), expected (HE) and observed (HO) heterozygosity, Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) and Discriminatory Power (DP). The number of alleles (N) ranged from five to 14, with an average of 9.2. The HE mean (0.80) was higher than HO (0.60), indicating a selection for homozygotes. The locus informativeness was verified with PIC (0.77) and DP (0.90) means showing high polymorphism. The dendrogram represented the formation of three groups related to geographical origin. Clone MDF 180 presented the highest genetic divergence. Two genic pools represented the genetic composition of genotypes. Based on allelic profiles, a set of two microsatellites (A2365 and A2368) was able to distinguish all examined clones. The genetic certification using microsatellite fingerprinting proved to be an alternative to morphological traits.Resumo – A seringueira (Hevea brasiliensis) é nativa da região amazônica e é amplamente explorada devido à borracha natural produzida a partir do látex. Existem muitas variedades clonais, sem testes de certificação. Para desenvolver uma impressão digital molecular, 15 clones comerciais foram usados para identificar um padrão genético padrão. Foram utilizados dez microssatélites. As estimativas genéticas obtidas foram: número de alelos por locus (N), esperada (HE) e heterozigosidade observada (HO), conteúdo polimórfico da informação (PIC) e poder discriminatório (DP). O número de alelos (N) variou de cinco a 14, com média de 9,3. As médias de HE (0,80) foram maiores HO (0,60) indicando uma seleção para homozigotos, A informatividade dos locus foram verificadas com médias de PIC (0,77) e DP (0,90) demonstrando alto polimorfismo dos microssatélites. O dendrograma representou a formação de três grupos relacionando a origem dos clones. Para desenvolver uma impressão digital molecular, 15 clones comerciais foram usados para identificar um padrão genético padrão. Com base em perfis alélicos, um conjunto de dois microssatélites (A2365 e A2368) foi capaz de distinguir todos os clones examinados. O histograma revelou dois agrupamentos responsáveis pela composição genética dos clones; a cultivar MDF 180 do Peru apresentou uma composição diferente dos clones brasileiros. Concluiu-se que a análise das impressões digitais era robusta com microssatélites, possibilitando a certificação clonal
Microclimate and development of Coffea canephora intercropped with Carica papaya: measures to mitigate climate change
Get PDFIntercropped systems with Conilon coffee might provide a better environment for coffee production. The aim of this study was to assess the microclimate and development of Conilon coffee intercropped with papaya trees. Papaya was planted with spacing of 3.20 x 2.40 m. The coffee trees were planted after eight months, with spacing of 3.20 x 1.60 m, in-between papaya trees (in the same row). The measurements were taken 0, 40 and 80 cm away from the coffee plants, both in the north and south direction. Concomitantly, an adjoining full sunlight coffee system (not intercropped) was also assessed. The measurements included atmospheric parameters (temperature, irradiance, and relative humidity) and vegetative parameters for the coffee plants (leaf area, relative chlorophyll index, length of plagiotropic branches, length of orthotopic branches and number of nodes) in three periods of the year. The intercropped system of Conilon coffee and papaya trees led to a decrease in both irradiance and temperature, and higher means of relative humidity during daytime in all the periods assessed, which contributes to a better environment for coffee cultivation. The shadow provided by papaya trees in the coffee plants contributed to a higher leaf area but did not affect neither the growth of both plagiotropic and orthotopic branches, nor the number of nodes and the etiolation. The intercropped system of Conilon coffee and papaya trees may be potentially used as a farming system to mitigate climate change
A utilização das larvas de Zophobas morio e galleria Mellonella na alimentação de porcos em crescimento
No full textInsects represent a promising alternative source to more expensive components of the feeding regimen of farm animals for meat production. With this aim in mind, we conducted this experiment to investigate the effects of dried larvae of darkling beetles (Zophobas morio L.) and larvae of wax moths (Galleria mellonella L.) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and blood profiles in growing piglets. A total of 27 crossbred piglets ((LWхL)хD), 39 days of age and 14.39±0.19 kg of body weight) were randomly divided into three groups (n=9 per group) based on gender and body weight. We substituted part of a fishmeal and a grain with 2.5% of dried larvae of darkling beetles (Zophobas morio L.) or with 3.0% of dried larvae of wax moths (Galleria mellonella L.). The replacement of fishmeal with insect biomass in the feeding regimen of the pigs did not change growth rate among groups and did not altered the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and crude fiber (p ˃ 0.05). At the same time, the digestibility of the fat has increased in the experimental groups with dry larvae (p ≤ 0.05). Blood counts in all groups were within the physiological norm. As compared to control group, piglets of the experimental groups had an increase in bactericidal, lysozyme activity of the blood serum and phagocytic activity of neutrophils. Thus, supplementation of dry larvae of superworm or waxworm in the ration didn’t affect negatively growth performance of experimental piglets while improving their parameters of non-specific immunity.Os insectos representam uma fonte alternativa promissora para componentes mais caros do regime de alimentação dos animais de criação para a produção de carne. Com este objectivo em mente, realizámos esta experiência para investigar os efeitos das larvas secas de escaravelhos escuros (Zophobas morio L.) e larvas de traças de cera (Galleria mellonella L.) no desempenho de crescimento, digestibilidade dos nutrientes e perfis sanguíneos em leitões em crescimento. Um total de 27 leitões cruzados ((LWхL)хD), 39 dias de idade e 14,39±0,19 kg de peso corporal) foram divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos (n=9 por grupo) com base no sexo e peso corporal. Substituímos parte da farinha de peixe e grãos por 2,5% de larvas secas de escaravelhos escuros (Zophobas morio L.) ou por 3,0% de larvas secas de mariposas cera (Galleria mellonella L.). A substituição da farinha de peixe por biomassa de insectos no regime alimentar dos porcos não alterou a taxa de crescimento entre grupos e não alterou a digestibilidade da matéria seca, proteína bruta e fibra bruta (p ˃ 0.05). Ao mesmo tempo, a digestibilidade da gordura aumentou nos grupos experimentais com larvas secas (p ≤ 0,05). A contagem de sangue em todos os grupos estava dentro da norma fisiológica. Em comparação com o grupo de controlo, os leitões dos grupos experimentais tiveram um aumento na actividade bactericida, lisozima do soro sanguíneo e actividade fagocitária dos neutrófilos. Assim, a suplementação de larvas secas de supervermesas ou lombrigas de cera na ração não afectou negativamente o desempenho de crescimento dos leitões experimentais, melhorando ao mesmo tempo os seus parâmetros de imunidade não específica
Body parts affected in accidents at work: a population cross-sectional study in brazilian semi-arid municipalities
Get PDFKnowing the body parts affected in accidents at work is important to support managers and professionals in the sectors of work safety in the adoption of measures to promote health and prevent accidents. This study identifies the body parts affected in a work accident registered at the Reference Center for Occupational Health (CEREST) in Sobral, Ceará, Brazil. It is a cross-sectional study, carried out from the database of the Reference Center for Occupational Health in Sobral, Ceará, Brazil. Data were collected between March 2015 and February 2016, from notifications of occupational accidents from the National System of Notifiable Diseases (SINAN), referring to the period from 2009 to 2013, totaling 2,438 occurrences. There was accidents involving the hands (37.6%), upper limbs (15.4%), lower limbs (13.0%) and feet (10.9%) were the most frequent. Were observed a greater number of victims of occupational accidents among men (90.7%) in the age group of 20 to 59 years (85.6%). There is, in fact, a predominance of body parts involved in occupational accidents in the population, with emphasis on the hand, upper limb, lower limb and foot (p = 0.0001). The study showed workers\u27 health promotion strategies should be encouraged in the workplace, as well as the guarantee of access and the correct use of personal protective equipment, for the prevention of risks, injuries and diseases, considering that accidents cause expenses for the State and losses for the victims.Conhecer as partes do corpo afetadas em acidentes de trabalho é importante para apoiar gestores e profissionais dos setores de segurança do trabalho na adoção de medidas de promoção da saúde e prevenção de acidentes. Este estudo identificou as partes do corpo afetadas em acidentes de trabalho registrados no Centro de Referência em Saúde do Trabalhador (CEREST) em Sobral, Ceará, Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado a partir do banco de dados do Centro de Referência em Saúde do Trabalhador de Sobral, Ceará, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados entre março de 2015 e fevereiro de 2016, a partir das notificações de acidentes de trabalho do Sistema Nacional de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), referentes ao período de 2009 a 2013, totalizando 2.438 ocorrências. Os acidentes envolvendo as mãos (37,6%), membros superiores (15,4%), membros inferiores (13,0%) e pés (10,9%) foram os mais frequentes. Observou-se maior número de vítimas de acidentes de trabalho entre os homens (90,7%), na faixa etária de 20 a 59 anos (85,6%). Há, de fato, um predomínio de partes do corpo envolvidas em acidentes de trabalho na população, com destaque para a mão, membro superior, membro inferior e pé (p = 0,0001). O estudo evidenciou que estratégias de promoção da saúde do trabalhador devem ser estimuladas no ambiente de trabalho, bem como a garantia do acesso e do uso correto dos equipamentos de proteção individual, para a prevenção de riscos, agravos e doenças, tendo em vista que os acidentes geram gastos para o Estado e perdas para as vítimas
Hematologic parameters of captive Bothrops atrox (Squamata: viperidae)
Get PDFThe breeding of venomous snakes in captivity for research purposes and mainly as a source of pharmaceutical products highlights the need to determine hematological parameters for monitoring and ensuring a healthy breeding populationThe complete blood count is used to help diagnose alterations such as anemia, inflammatory diseases, parasitemia, hematopoietic disorders, hemostatic and toxicological changes, as well as bacterial and viral inclusions. Thus, the objective of this study was to define reference parameters for complete blood count in Bothrops atrox snakes. Blood samples were collected from 20 specimens of B. atrox from the Pentapharm do Brasil commercial breeding facility for laboratory examination. Mean values and standard deviation were: hematocrit 33.6 ± 5.47%, hemoglobin 10.81 ± 2.07g/dL, total number of erythrocytes 0.59 ± 0.1 x 106/mm3, leukocytes 11387.5 ± 3279.2/mm3 and thrombocytes 28175 ± 6320/mm3. No significant difference was observed between males and females and heterophils were the predominant leukocyte cell type.
Frequency of intestinal protozoan infections diagnosed in patients from a clinical analysis laboratory
Get PDFThis study aimed to determine the frequency of infection by intestinal protozoa diagnosed in patients from a clinical analysis laboratory in Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil. This was a retrospective descriptive study, using a database of stool examination results from July to December 2015. The study population consisted of males and females of all ages, from the greater area of Alagoas. Data on epidemiological variables such as age and gender were obtained using a collection instrument. Protozoan species were identified from stool examinations. Results on the prevalence of intestinal parasites are described as simple and relative frequencies. We examined a total of 1277 stool samples, of which 12.69% were positive for one or more protozoa. 43.83% were from men and 56.17% were from women. Endolimax nana was the most prevalent (59.22%) protozoan species followed by Entamoeba coli (23.45%). Although non-pathogenic, they indicate fecal contamination of drinking water. The highest number (23.46%) of infected individuals was observed among children in the 0 to 11 years age group. A high prevalence (93.83%) of monoparasitism was noted. We concluded that there was a high frequency of infection and a high prevalence of E. nana. Infections were more common in women than in men. Our results emphasize the need for preventive measures to control intestinal parasitic infections
AVALIAÇÃO DO POTENCIAL FISIOLÓGICO DE SEMENTES DE Panicum maximum POR MEIO DE ANÁLISE MULTIVARIADA
No full textThe aim of this work was to identify efficient vigor tests for differentiating the seed lots, forecasting seedling emergence in the field and assessing the physiological quality of Panicum maximum seeds. 12 seed lots from the cultivar Tanzania and 11 seed lots from the cultivar Massai were evaluated for water content, germination, first count and germination speed index, emergence and first emergence count of seedlings in sand, root length and shoot length, analysis of SVIS® images (seedling length, vigor and uniformity index) and seedling emergence in the field. The work was conducted in a completely randomized design for tests performed in the laboratory and in randomized blocks for tests in the field. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and the means compared by Scott Knott\u27s test at 5% probability and statistical multivariate clustering analysis and principal components analysis. The shoot and root length tests are efficient for the evaluation of the physiological potential of P. maximum cv. Massai, while the seedling length, vigor index and growth uniformity index tests using image analysis, seedling emergence in sand and first seedling emergence count in sand are efficient in assessing the physiological potential of seeds of P. maximum cv. Tanzania, and providing information similar to that of seedling emergence in the field.Objetivou-se com este trabalho identificar testes de vigor eficientes para a diferenciação dos lotes, previsão de emergência de plântulas em campo e avaliação da qualidade fisiológica de sementes de Panicum maximum, Foram avaliados 12 lotes de sementes da cultivar Tanzânia e 11 lotes da cultivar Massai, os quais foram avaliados quanto ao teor de água, germinação, primeira contagem e índice de velocidade de germinação, emergência e primeira contagem de emergência de plântulas em areia, comprimento de raiz e parte aérea de plântulas, análise de imagens SVIS® (comprimento de plântulas, índices de vigor e uniformidade) e emergência de plântulas em campo. O trabalho foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado para os testes realizados em laboratório e em blocos casualizado a campo. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Scott Knott a 5% de probabilidade e análise estatística multivariada de agrupamento e de componentes principais. Os testes de comprimento de parte aérea e de raiz são eficientes para a avaliação do potencial fisiológico de sementes de P. maximum cv. Massai, enquanto que os testes de comprimento de plântulas, índice de vigor e índice de uniformidade de crescimento por meio da análise de imagens, emergência de plântulas em areia e primeira contagem de emergência de plântulas em areia são eficientes na avaliação do potencial fisiológico de sementes de P. maximum cv. Tanzânia, fornecendo informações semelhantes à emergência de plântulas em campo
Productive characteristics of sunflower genotypes irrigated with different levels of saline water
Get PDFSunflower is suitable for family farmers from Northeast Brazil who are benefited by the production of grain and oil and is adequate for crop rotation and for honey production. The need for irrigation in this region leads to the realization of this study for evaluating the production components of four sunflower genotypes irrigated with different levels of water salinity. The study was carried out in the municipality of Remigio, Paraíba, Brazil, using a randomized block with split plots experimental design in a 5 x 4 factorial arrangement. Treatments consisted of five electrical conductivity levels of the irrigation water at 25 °C (L1 - 0.14 (reservoir water), L2 - 1.50, L3 - 2.50, L4 - 3.50, and L5 - 4.50 dS m- 1), and four sunflower genotypes (C1 - Embrapa 122-V2000, C2 - Olisun 03, C3 - AG 963, and C4 - Multissol) with three replicates. The irrigation water salinity levels tested did not influence the variables studied. Different values of the variables among sunflower genotypes were due to characteristics inherent to each genotype. Sunflower genotype Olisun 03 presented the highest oil content, while the lowest content was observed in Multissol