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Biometric assessment of early stem growth at a commercial stand of African mahogany (Khaya grandifoliola)
Get PDFAfrican mahogany species (Khaya spp.) have proven to be promising in the Brazilian forestry scenario, replacing native mahogany owing to their medium-fast growth and relevant timber value. This study aimed to carry out forest inventory and assessments of a Khaya grandifoliola plantation in the first years after planting, test hypsometric models to describe tree growth, and identify the maximum commercial stem yield (i.e., greater than 6 m in height). The stand was located in the municipality of Piracanjuba (GO), where seedlings of seed origin were used. Twenty random plots with a 15 m radius were allocated, and the total height (HT), stem height (HS), diameter at breast height (DBH), crown area, and forest canopy were measured. Four hypsometric models were employed in this study. The best equation was selected based on determination coefficients and standard errors. Further, the models were cross-validated to evaluate predictability and bias. At four years of planting, the largest class of HS was found to range from 3.1 to 4.1 m, and most trees had a DBH ranging from 0.084 to 0.126 m. The percentage of trees with stems > 6 m was 8.35%. The linear model ensured more consistent results for estimating HT, while the quadratic and Weibull models led to more consistent results for HS. By using models, stem measurements can be measured based on DBH, ultimately aiding the selection of stem management strategies for the growth of forests with greater commercial value
Prevalência de alterações orais e salivares em pacientes com falha renal crônica em hemodiálise: Revisão sistemática e metanálise
No full textThe objective of this study was to evaluate whether individuals with chronic renal failure (CRF) undergoing hemodialysis treatment have more salivary and oral mucosa alterations when compared to healthy individuals, through a systematic review followed by meta-analysis. A systematic literature review was performed, evaluating randomized clinical trials found in the Proquest, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Lilacs and Pubmed databases, using MeSH terms and other keywords. Initially, 40 articles were included in the study and, after reading the complete articles, only 15 clinical trials that analyzed oral lesions and salivary changes in patients with CRF undergoing hemodialysis treatment were eligible. Most of the clinical studies included were cross-sectional and composed of a study group and a control group. The mean age of participants in the study group was 50.19 years and in the control group, 48.95 years. The most common oral alterations found in the CRF group in relation to the control group were xerostomia, uremic breath, dysgeusia, coated tongue, gingival bleeding and pale mucosa. The salivary flow of patients with CRF was 46.6% lower than the control group. The salivary pH in the study group was also more alkaline when compared to the control group. Greater amounts of urea, phosphate, C-reactive protein and total proteins were found in the saliva of individuals with CRF. Individuals with CRF undergoing hemodialysis are more prone to changes in both the quantity and quality of saliva, as well as having a greater amount of oral changes.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, por meio de revisão sistemática seguida de metanálise, se indivíduos com insuficiência renal crônica (IRC) associada a hemodiálise apresentam alterações salivares e da mucosa oral quando comparados a indivíduos saudáveis. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura, avaliando ensaios clínicos randomizados encontrados nas bases de dados Proquest, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Lilacs e Pubmed, utilizando termos MeSH e outras palavras-chave. Inicialmente, 40 artigos foram incluídos no estudo e, após a leitura dos artigos completos, foram elegíveis 15 ensaios clínicos que analisaram lesões orais e alterações salivares em pacientes com IRC incluindo tratamento hemodialítico. A maioria dos estudos clínicos incluídos foi transversal e composta por um grupo de estudo e um grupo controle. A média de idade dos participantes do grupo de estudo foi de 50,19 anos e do grupo controle de 48,95 anos. As alterações orais mais comuns encontradas no grupo IRC em relação ao grupo controle foram: xerostomia, hálito urêmico, disgeusia, língua saburrosa, sangramento gengival e mucosa pálida. O fluxo salivar dos pacientes com IRC foi 46,6% menor que o do grupo controle. O pH salivar do grupo de estudo também foi mais alcalino quando comparado ao grupo controle. Maiores quantidades de ureia, fosfato, proteína C reativa e proteínas totais foram encontradas na saliva de indivíduos com IRC. Indivíduos com IRC em hemodiálise estão mais sujeitos a alterações tanto na quantidade quanto na qualidade da saliva, além de apresentarem maior quantidade de alterações orais
Cloning the full-length CDNA of actin gene and analysing alliinase gene expression in tillering onion
Get PDFTillering onion is a herbaceous plant belonging to the Liliaceae family. We cloned the cDNAs of the actin gene (AcACT, GenBank: MF919598) of tillering onion using rapid amplification of the cDNA ends. The full-length cDNA of AcACT was 1,357 bp long with an open reading frame of 1,131 bp encoding 376 amino acids. The amino acid sequence of AcACT shared > 96% similarity with the amino acid sequences of other ACTs and was found (by means of phylogenetic tree analysis) to be closely related to those of Ananas comosus and Papaver somniferum. AcACT expressions showed no significant differences (p > 0.01) in two cultivars L-SH and L-SY over three growth periods and under suitable conditions, low temperature, and short-day conditions. In addition, AcACT was used as an internal reference gene to analyse the expression of the alliinase gene (AcALL). AcALL expression trends in the roots, stems and leaves were consistent with those of diallyl disulphide and diallyl trisulphide. Thus, AcACT is highly conserved and can be used as a suitable internal reference gene when analysing gene expression in tillering onion
Potencial do óleo essencial e frações das folhas de Tetradenia riparia no controle das larvas de Aedes aegypti e Rhipicephalus microplus
No full textTetradenia riparia (Hochst.) Codd (Lamiaceae) is a shrub, commonly known as ginger bush or false myrrh, and several studies have shown that T. riparia exhibits a variety of biological properties. This study aimed to determine the chemical composition of T. riparia essential oil and its fractions, investigate their anticholinesterase activity, and assess their larvicidal activity against the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus and the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Eleven essential oil fractions were obtained by fractionation and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Larvicidal activity against R. microplus and third-instar A. aegypti was assessed using a larval packet test and a larval immersion test, respectively. Anticholinesterase activity was determined by a bioautographic method. Forty-nine compounds were identified in the essential oil, of which the major classes were oxygenated sesquiterpenes (45.95%) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (35.20%) and the major components were isospathulenol (17.40%), β-caryophyllene (15.61%), 14-hydroxy-9-epi-caryophyllene (10.07%), 14-hydroxy-α-muurolene (8.32%), and 9β,13β-epoxy-7-abietene (5.53%). Bioassays showed that T. riparia essential oil (LC50 = 1.56 µg/mL) and FR3 (LC50 = 0.30 µg/mL) were the most active against R. microplus and A. aegypti larvae, respectively. The essential oil and FR1, FR2, and FR3 exhibited acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. These results indicate that T. riparia essential oil and its fractions hold promise in the development of novel, environmentally safe agents for the control of R. microplus and A. aegypti larvae.Tetradenia riparia (Hochst) Cood. (Lamiaceae) é um arbusto conhecido como mirra, utilizada na medicina popular para o tratamento de várias enfermidades. Estudos científicos têm demonstrado potenciais atividades biológicas da mirra. Neste sentido, este trabalho teve por objetivo a identificação química e o fracionamento do óleo essencial de T. riparia, a avaliação das atividades larvicida sobre o carrapato Rhipicephalus microplus e Aedes aegypti e a determinação do potencial anticolinesterásico. O óleo essencial foi extraído das folhas por hidrodestilação, e fracionado em coluna cromatográfica tendo como eluentes: pentano, diclorometano e metanol em diferentes proporções. Do fracionamento foram obtidas 11 frações (FRs) que foram analisadas por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massas (CG/EM) e avaliadas quanto ao potencial larvicida através do teste de imersão larval para as larvas do carrapato bovino e para as larvas do terceiro estádio do Aedes aegypti, e avaliada a atividade anticolinesterásica através do ensaio bioautográfico. Quarenta e cinco compostos foram identificados no óleo essencial, com a classe predominante de sesquiterpenos (hidrocarbonetos 35,20%; oxigenados 45,95%), e isoespatulenol (17,40%); β-cariofileno (15,61%); 14-hydroxy-9-epi-cariofileno (10,07%); 14-hidroxi-α-Muuroleno (8,32%) and 9β,13β-epoxy-7-abieteno (5,53%) como compostos majoritários. Quatro frações apresentaram atividade larvicida (FR1: pentano:diclorometano (7:3); FR2: pentano:diclorometano (3:7); FR3: diclorometano; FR4:diclorometano:metanol (9:1). Os testes das atividades larvicidas demonstraram que o óleo essencial (CL501,56 µg/mL) e a FR3 (CL50 0,30 µg/mL) foram mais ativas frente às larvas do carrapato bovino e do A. aegypti, respectivamente. O óleo essencial e as FR1, FR2 e FR3 apresentaram efeito inibitório sobre enzima acetilcolinesterase. Estes resultados demonstram que o óleo essencial e as frações são promissores para o desenvolvimento de produtos que possam ser aplicados com segurança para o controle do carrapato bovino, bem como no controle das larvas do A. aegypti
Buva (Conyza bonariensis) resistente a glifosato possui um número maior de tricomas e densidade alterada de estômatos em relação ao biótipo suscetível
No full textFollowing the adoption of Roundup Ready crops, glyphosate spraying frequency increased, while the use of other herbicide modes of action was neglected. Herbicide-resistant biotypes were reported in three major Conyza species in Brazil, including Conyza bonariensis, increasing growers’ bottom line. Considering that leaf surface structures affect proper herbicide deposition, uptake, and performance, this study aimed to characterize epicuticular surface components in glyphosate-resistant (R) and -susceptible (S) C. bonariensis. Conyza spp. seeds were collected in 36 locations in Brazil, and plants were subjected to resistance screening tests by spraying glyphosate at 720 and 1440 g ae ha-1 (0.5X and 1X the label recommended rate, respectively). For resistance level characterization, C. bonariensis biotypes with contrasting responses were selected for glyphosate dose-response assays. Leaf tissues for epicuticular surface analysis were harvested from newly-obtained R and S biotypes at two growth stages. Histological cuts were made on a leaf area of 25 mm² with a blade. Samples were fixed in Karnowsky solution, gradually changed to 100% ethanol, critical-point dried with CO2, and coated with gold, followed by stomatal and trichome density quantification using scanning electron microscopy. Results indicated a poor control with glyphosate in 33 of 36 Conyza spp. biotypes, and a high (31.5) resistance factor was calculated after dose-response trials. Leaf surface analysis indicated that C. bonariensis leaves are amphistomatic and exhibit tectorial trichomes. A higher number of trichomes and altered stomatal density (number.mm²) were quantified in R compared to the S counterpart, potentially reducing glyphosate uptake and effectiveness.Após a rápida adoção das culturas Roundup Ready, aplicações de glifosato tornaram-se mais frequentes enquanto o uso de outros mecanismos de ação herbicida foi negligenciado. Biótipos resistentes a herbicida foram relatados em três espécies principais de Conyza no Brasil incluindo Conyza bonariensis, elevando o custo-base de produtores. Visto que estruturas da superfícia foliar influenciam a correta deposição, absorção e performance de herbicidas, objetivou-se caracterizar componentes da superfície epicuticular de C. bonariensis suscetível resistente (R) e suscetível (S) ao glifosato. Sementes de Conyza spp. foram coletadas em 36 localidades no Brasil e plantas submetidas a teste inicial de resistência realizados através da pulverização com glifosato a 720 e 1.440 g ea ha-1 (0.5X e 1X da dose recomendada em bula, respectivamente). Dois biótipos de C. bonariensis foram selecionados e submetidos a novos testes visando caracterizar níveis de resistência. Tecido foliar para análise da superfície epicuticular foi coletado dos biótipos R e S recém-obtidos em dois estádios de crescimento, e cortes histológicos feitos em uma área de 25 mm2 com o auxílio de uma lâmina. Amostras foram fixadas em solução de Karnowsky, dessecadas gradualmente até 100% etanol, secas no aparelho de ao ponto crítico usando CO2 e metalizadas com ouro, seguido de quantificação da densidade de estômatos e tricomas usando microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Resultados indicaram baixo control com glifosato em 33 dos 36 biótipos de Conyza spp., e elevado (31,5) fator de resistência foi calculado após ensaios de dose-resposta. Análise da superfície foliar indicou que folhas de C. bonariensis são anfiestomáticas e exibem tricomas tectores. Um n´úmero superior de tricomas e densidade estomática alterada (expresso em número absoluto por mm2) foi quantificado em R em relação ao biótipo S, potencialmente reduzindo absorção e eficácia do glifosato
Efeitos do Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) no Parênquima Testicular de Camundongos BALB/C Adultos Submetidos à Dieta Hipercalórica
No full textOxidative stress due to obesity plays a detrimental role in the testicular microenvironment and sperm parameters. We explored the impact of a hypercaloric diet in male BALB/c mice as a condition to trigger damage to the spermatogenic process and the antioxidant effect of Aspalathus linearis as well. We used a hypercaloric diet in animals divided into 3 groups: Control, Hypercaloric diet control (HC) and Hypercaloric diet and Rooibos infusion (HCR). Morphometric parameters, enzyme dosages, cell viability, and tubular histopathology were evaluated. Body weight increased in HCR animals at weeks 3, 4, and 8. We found a reduction in seminiferous epithelium height, with an increase in the tubular diameter of the HCR group. Catalase levels were lower in HC and HCR, while carbonyl protein was decreased in HC. We estimate that it induces oxidative stress (OS) capable of affecting the seminiferous epithelium and that the infusion of A. linearis does not demonstrate a potential benefit in cell preservation.O estresse oxidativo devido à obesidade desempenha um papel prejudicial no microambiente testicular e nos parâmetros espermáticos. Exploramos o impacto de uma dieta hipercalórica em camundongos machos BALB/c como condição para desencadear danos ao processo espermatogênico e testamos o efeito antioxidante de Aspalathus linearis. Utilizou-se dieta hipercalórica em animais divididos em 3 grupos: Controle, HC e HCR. Foram avaliados parâmetros morfométricos, dosagens de enzimas, viabilidade celular e histopatologia tubular. O peso corporal aumentou nos animais HCR nas semanas 3, 4 e 8. Encontramos redução na altura do epitélio seminífero, com aumento do diâmetro tubular do grupo HCR. Os níveis de catalase foram menores em HC e HCR, enquanto a proteína carbonil foi diminuída em HC. Estimamos que induz OS capaz de afetar o epitélio seminífero e que a infusão de A. linearis não demonstra um benefício potencial na preservação celula
Chemical composition and antifungal activity of Morinda Citrifolia fruit extract
Get PDFNoni (Morinda citrifolia) fruit is a well-known plant used as a traditional medicine for preventing some diseases because of its abundance in chemical compounds. This research aimed to determine the phytochemical concentration, chemical composition, and antifungal activity of M. citrifolia fruit extract. M. citrifolia fruit was extracted with methanol and then distilled water for the partition extract. Subsequently, the extract was fractionated using various nonpolar to polar solutions, such as; chloroform, ethyl acetate, water, 2-propanol, and methanol fractions. Each fraction was evaporated until the dry extract was released. Additionally, the photochemical concentration of the M. citrifolia fruit extract was quantitatively determined using a UV-visible spectrophotometer. The chemical composition of the M. citrifolia fruit extract of each fraction was identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Then, the antifungal activity of M.citrifolia fruit extract against C. albicans and C. krusei was determined using the disc diffusion method. The results showed that the phytochemical concentration of the M. citrifolia fruit extract was 1970.25 ppm flavonoids, 35.61 ppm tannins, and 148.62 ppm steroids. 2-Fluorobenzoic acid, eucalyptol, 2-chloroaniline-5-sulfonic acid, hexa-decamethyl octasiloxane, and tetra-propyl stannane were found to be the major components of M. citrifolia fruit extract. According to the research, M. citrifolia fruit extract showed antifungal activity against C. albicans and C. krusei in all tested fractions. The maximum inhibition zone of C. albicans was 14.0 ± 1.00 mm in the 2-propanol fraction, while that of C. krusei was 11.7 ± 0.58 mm in the methanol fraction
Pain factors related to dental implant surgery: A 7-day observational clinical study
Get PDFThis article aims to associate patient-reported pain intensity in the immediate seven days after dental implant surgery with surgical factors, sex and patient age. The sample was composed of 108 patients from a dental school in southern Brazilian, between 2018 and 2020. The variables torque, pre- and postoperative medication, healing of first and second intention, gender, age, number of quadrants, number of implants and type of surgery were related to the outcome pain. Pain was reported every day by the patient until the seventh day after surgery, using a visual analogic scale (VAS). Univariate Poisson regression models were used to assess the relationship among pain and the factors. Rate ratios were obtained with 95% of confidence intervals. Overall pain was reported as moderate/intense (VAS: 3-10) by 30.56% of patients, mild pain (VAS: 1-3) by 55.56%, and no pain symptoms were reported by 13.89% of patients. Individuals which the implants were installed with high torques (50-80 N) showed more pain (p=0.03) compared to patients which the implants were installed with regular torque (30-45 N). The other factors evaluated were not significant. The torque was the most relevant factor related to pain among the evaluated by the study. High torque generates more postoperative pain than lower torque. The factors gender, age, number of operated quadrants, number of installed implants, type of surgery and pre and postoperative analgesic did not interfere in the patient\u27s pain during the first week after surgery
Exposure to the herbicide atrazine induces oxidative imbalance, morphological damage and decreased survival in juvenile fish
Get PDFSynthetic herbicides have been intensively used in weed control, although often involved in environmental contamination, critically affecting non-target species. However, never was investigated the effect of commercial formulation using atrazine on developing juvenile fish exposed for 35 days. Juveniles (Astyanax altiparanae) (n = 600) were assigned to the following ATZ-exposed groups: 0 (CTR-control), 0.56 (ATZ0.56), 1.00 (ATZ1.00), 1.66 (ATZ1.66) and 11.66 (ATZ11.66) μg/L. We found a 36.6% decrease in juvenile survival rate in the ATZ11.66 group compared to control and other groups. Juveniles from ATZ11.66 also showed hyperglycemia and increased cortisol levels. Increased the imbalance oxidative with an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and Carbonylated proteins levels markers in muscle, gills, and liver. We also found increased activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) in gills and SOD and catalase (CAT) in muscles from ATZ11.66 fish, and increased glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities in the liver from all exposed groups compared to control. The morphological consequences of this were loss of secondary lamella integrity, increased mucus-secreting cells, hyperplasia, and lamellar fusion, as well as increased aneurysms percentage. The liver showed vascular congestion associated with endothelial hyperplasia, steatosis, and a decrease in the nuclei percentage. Our results showed that exposure to a commercial formulation of ATZ at 11.66 μg/L can be causing an imbalance in the oxidative markers and morphological damages and decreased survival in a juvenile Neotropical species of great ecological relevance and commercial interest
Growth-promoting microorganisms in the development of orchid seedlings of Phalaenopsis, Cymbidium, and Dendrobium genera
Get PDFThe demand for sustainable agricultural production systems is increasing, and using growth-promoting microorganisms in plants has stood out because it decreases or even replaces chemical fertilizer use, reducing production costs. This study aimed to evaluate the response of some microorganisms applied to the seedlings of primary orchids cultivated in Brazil (Phalaenopsis sp. \u27Taisuco Swan\u27, Cymbidium atropurpureum, and Dendrobium secundum). The experimental design was completely randomized. There were seven treatments (absence of microorganisms – control, Trichoderma sp. in sodium alginate, Trichoderma sp. in clay, Trichoderma sp. in sodium alginate and clay, Trichoderma sp. in a liquid medium, Azospirillum brasilense + Bacillus subtilis in a liquid medium, and Bacillus pumilus in a liquid medium), four replications, and three plants per plot. The seedlings were grown in a greenhouse and evaluated 190 days after microorganism inoculation. The evaluation of morpho-physiological characteristics differed according to the particularities of each genus. The Bacillus pumilus and Azospirillum brasilense + Bacillus subtilis rhizobacteria in a liquid medium for Phalaenopsis sp. \u27Taisuco Swan\u27 and the Trichoderma sp. fungus in a liquid medium for Cymbidium atropurpureum increased seedling growth and development. Azospirillum brasilense + Bacillus subtilis in a liquid medium for the Dendrobium secundum orchid promoted more root biomass. Using beneficial microorganisms in orchid cultivation is promising, and seedling growth and development depend on their inoculation and the morpho-physiological characteristics of each plant