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Systematic Review of Medicine-Related Problems in Adult Patients with Atrial Fibrillation on Direct Oral Anticoagulants
Get PDFNew oral anticoagulant agents continue to emerge on the market and their safety requires assessment to provide evidence of their suitability for clinical use. There-fore, we searched standard databases to summarize the English language literature on medicine-related problems (MRPs) of direct oral anticoagulants DOACs (dabigtran, rivaroxban, apixban, and edoxban) in the treatment of adults with atri-al fibrillation. Electronic databases including Medline, Embase, International Pharmaceutical Abstract (IPA), Scopus, CINAHL, the Web of Science and Cochrane were searched from 2008 through 2016 for original articles. Studies pub-lished in English reporting MRPs of DOACs in adult patients with AF were in-cluded. Seventeen studies were identified using standardized protocols, and two reviewers serially abstracted data from each article. Most articles were inconclusive on major safety end points including major bleeding. Data on major safety end points were combined with efficacy. Most studies inconsistently reported adverse drug reactions and not adverse events or medication error, and no definitions were consistent across studies. Some harmful drug effects were not assessed in studies and may have been overlooked. Little evidence is provided on MRPs of DOACs in patients with AF and, therefore, further studies are needed to establish the safety of DOACs in real-life clinical practice
Design, crime and the built environment
No full textCrime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) is a method of reducing crime through the design and manipulation of the built environment. Based upon the Opportunity Theories of crime, CPTED focuses upon blocking opportunities for criminal behaviour through subtle techniques to maximise informal surveillance, guardianship and maintenance, to minimise through movement and to set standards of physical security that are proportionate to crime risk. This chapter will discuss the principles of CPTED and the theories from which it evolved. It will explore the effectiveness of these principles, both individually and combined, in reducing crime, before exploring how CPTED is applied in practice
Managing Housing Needs of Post Conflict Housing Reconstruction: Sri Lankan Perspective
No full textPurpose: Post conflict housing reconstruction is crucial to development and peacekeeping. However, the success of it is hindered by a number of problems related to lack of addressing housing needs. This paper explores how such housing needs can be effectively managed in post conflict housing reconstruction in Sri Lanka.
Design: Using the grounded theory method as the research strategy, unstructured interviews were conducted with policy makers, practitioners, beneficiaries and academics in Sri Lanka. Data were analysed using open, axial and selective coding to develop the theoretical framework.
Findings: The study reveals the challenges, contributing factors and strategies in addressing housing needs of accessibility, habitability, affordability, location, facilities, cultural considerations and security of land tenure. It also identifies the gaps and recommendations. The paper establishes the links between these and presents a theoretical framework for managing housing needs effectively in post conflict housing reconstruction in Sri Lanka
Implications: This research enhances the success of post conflict housing reconstruction through addressing housing needs effectively, which contributes to sustainable housing development after conflicts.
Originality: The study combines literature from five main areas: conflicts, post conflict, post conflict reconstruction, post conflict housing reconstruction and housing needs and provides a better understanding on how the housing needs can be managed during post conflict housing reconstruction in developing countries based on empirical evidence
Experimental study of asphaltene deposition in transparent microchannels using light absorption method
Get PDFHeptane-induced asphaltene precipitation from crude oil and its deposition in a vertical transparent microchannel is investigated. The amount of asphaltene deposited on a transparent channel wall is quantified using a non-intrusive flow visualization technique based on reflected light intensity and image analysis. Asphaltene deposits strongly affect the reflected light intensity through the change of mixture color in the recorded images. An empirical equation is developed to correlate the intensity of the light absorption to the thickness of the deposited asphaltene in a transparent microchannel. Non-uniform deposition along the longitudinal direction of the microchannel is also characterized
A review of the effectiveness of interventions aimed at understanding the content and meaning of the experience of voice hearing
No full textObjectives: This paper is a review of the effectiveness of interventions aimed at understanding the content and meaning of the experience of voice hearing, also known as auditory verbal hallucinations, in the context of mental health nursing practice.
Background: The current literature around voice hearing reveals weaknesses in the traditional
psychiatric understanding of voice hearing as a symptom of underlying biological illness.
Methods: A narrative review of the literature is synthesised from the findings acquired through search of electronic databases, combined with additional manual searching.
Findings: Five papers meeting the inclusion criteria were selected. Following critical analysis, six themes emerged consisting of three insights (experience of voice hearing, meaning, personal significance) leading to three therapeutic outcomes (relationship
with the voices, emotional impact, and functioning).
Conclusions: Exploring the content and meaning of the voices may be a valuable intervention voice hearers could choose, however there are
potential adverse effects that need careful consideration and management. The implications for incorporating the approach into evidence-based mental health nursing practice are discusse
How Deviations from FOMC's Monetary Policy Decisions from a Benchmark Policy Rule Affect Bank Profitability: Evidence from U.S. Banks
No full textPurpose:
This paper aims to provide fresh empirical evidence on how Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) monetary policy decisions from a benchmark monetary policy rule affect the profitability of US banking institutions.
Design/methodology/approach:
It thereby provides a link between the literature on central bank monetary policy implementation through monetary rules and banks’ profitability. It uses a novel data set from 11,894 US banks, spanning the period 1990 to 2013.
Findings:
The empirical findings show that deviations of FOMC monetary policy decisions from a number of benchmark linear and non-linear monetary (Taylor type) rules exert a negative and statistically significant impact on banks’ profitability.
Originality/value:
The results are expected to have substantial implications for the capacity of banking institutions to more readily interpret monetary policy information and accordingly to reshape and hedge their lending behaviour. This would make the monetary policy decision process less noisy and, thus, enhance their capability to attach the correct weight to this information
Effects of Trade Cost on the Textile and Apparel Market: Evidence from Asian Countries
No full textGlobal textile and apparel industry has since the 1950s been subjected to various forms of trade policy measures. Well noted among these are tariffs and non-tariff barriers (NTB)/policy indicators. Understanding the dynamics in such relevant policy indicators and the implications they yield for trade is a vital step toward informing relevant policy formulation and agribusiness investment decisions. With the textile and apparel industry being the primary grounds on which development in most Asian countries is founded, we for the first time in literature assess effects of various trade cost indicators on global textile and apparel imports from 37 Asian countries using a ‘cost-incorporated’ gravity model for the period 1988–2004. Estimates from this study affirm theory-based associations between trade, distance, cultural linkage, tariffs, and non-tariffs barriers. We however discovered quite interesting associations regarding effects of tariff increments and existence of NTB. Although both are primarily imposed/instilled to restrict trade flow, effect of tariff increments was consistently negative across all models, but that for NTB was consistently positive, although significant only in the case of apparel imports. Plausible reasons behind the implications for tariffs and NTB are elaborated on in this article. A keen discovery from this study, however, is that imports of apparels are more responsive than textile imports to dynamics in various trade-related cost, geographic and economic indicators
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