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Method development for the synthesis of large crystals of pyromorphite
No full textIn the UK, water utilities add phosphate to drinking water in order to prevent lead being released from older properties that are supplied by lead water pipes. The mechanism of reduction is thought to involve the formation of insoluble lead phosphates. This research was carried out to optimise the growth of large lead apatite crystals for use in future atomic force microscopy work. In this case study, pyromorphite crystals exhibiting both prismatic hexagonal and needle-like structures with sizes up to 0.2mm were successfully grown using a caesium chloride flux. They were produced both at lower temperatures and in less time than previous studies. All samples were characterised using a variety of analytical techniques such as X-ray diffraction, infrared spectrometry, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis
Should We Give Business School Students What They Want or What They Need?
No full textUniversities are the world’s longest-standing (and thus, arguably highly valued and flexible) organizations. Frank Donoghue in The Last Professors notes a Carnegie Foundation finding that only 66 institutions have operated continuously since 1530: in addition to the Icelandic and Isle of Man Parliaments, the Roman Catholic Church, and the Lutheran Church, 62 of these were universities. Thanks to their ability to adapt to social changes, some of the world’s most prestigious universities in Bologna, Oxford, and Paris have been operating successfully since the 11th and 12th centuries. While the history of university-based business schools is much shorter, the oldest of them have been around for 150 year
Can the UK’s birth registration system better serve the interests of those born following collaborative assisted reproduction?
No full textCurrent birth registration systems fail to serve adequately the interests of those born as a result of gamete and embryo donation and surrogacy. In the UK, changes to the birth registration system have been piecemeal, reactive and situation-specific and no information is recorded about gamete donors. Birth registration has thereby become a statement of legal parentage and citizenship only, without debate as to whether it should serve any wider functions. This sits uneasily with the increasingly accepted human right to know one’s genetic and gestational as well as legal parents, and the duty of the State to facilitate that right. This commentary sets out one possible model for reform to better ensure that those affected become aware of, and/or have access to, knowledge about their origins and that such information is stored and released effectively without compromising individual privacy. Among other features, our proposal links the birth registration system and the information stored in the Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority’s Register of Information, although further work than we have been able to undertake here is necessary to ensure a better fit where cross-border treatment services or informal arrangements have been involved. The time for debate and reform is well overdue
Book review: Betraying a generation: how education is failing young people by Patrick Ainley
No full textTourism Contribution to Poverty Alleviation in Kenya: A Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium Analysis
No full textThe aim of this paper is to investigate the claim that tourism development can be the engine for poverty reduction in Kenya using a dynamic, micro-simulation computable general equilibrium model. The paper improves on the common practice in the literature by using the more comprehensive Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) index to measure poverty instead of headcount ratios only. Simulations results from previous studies confirm that expansion of the tourism industry will benefit different sectors unevenly and will only marginally improve poverty headcount. This is mainly due to the contraction of the agricultural sector caused by the appreciation of the real exchange rates. However this paper demonstrates that the effect on poverty gap and poverty severity is nevertheless, significant for both rural and urban areas with higher impact in the urban areas. Tourism expansion enables poorer households to move closer to the poverty line. It is concluded that the tourism industry is pro-poor
On the Exploitation of Automated Planning for Reducing Machine Tools Energy Consumption Between Manufacturing Operations
No full textThere has recently been an increased emphasis on reducing energy consumption in manufacturing, driven by the fluctuations in energy costs and the growing importance given to environmental impact of manufactured goods. Lots of attention has been given to the reduction of machine tools energy consumption, as they require large amounts of energy to perform manufacturing tasks.
One area that has received relatively little interest, yet could harness great potential, is reducing energy consumption by planning machine activities between manufacturing operations, while the machine is not in use. The intuitive option --which is currently exploited in manufacturing-- is to leave the machine in a normal operating state in anticipation of the next manufacturing job. However, this is far from optimal due to the thermal deformation phenomenon, which usually require an energy-intensive warm-up cycle in order to bring all the components (e.g. spindle motor) into a suitable (stable) state for actual machining. Evidently, the use of this strategy comes with the associated commercial and environmental repercussions.
In this paper, we investigate the exploitability of automated planning techniques for planning machine activities between manufacturing operations. We present a PDDL 2.2 formulation of the task that considers energy consumption, thermal deformation, and accuracy. We then demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach using a case study which considers real-world data
Comparative study of material loss at the taper interface in retrieved metal-on-polyethylene and metal-on-metal femoral components from a single manufacturer
No full textThere have been a number of reports on the occurrence of taper corrosion and/or fretting and some have speculated on a link to the occurrence of adverse local tissue reaction specifically in relation to total hip replacement which have a metal-on-metal bearing. As such a study was carried out to compare the magnitude of material loss at the taper in a series of retrieved femoral heads used in metal-on-polyethylene bearings with that in a series of retrieved heads used in metal-on-metal bearings. A total of 36 metal-on-polyethylene and 21 metal-on-metal femoral components were included in the study all of which were received from a customer complaint database. Furthermore, a total of nine as-manufactured femoral components were included to provide a baseline for characterisation. All taper surfaces were assessed using an established corrosion scoring method and measurements were taken of the female taper surface using a contact profilometry. In the case of metal-on-metal components, the bearing wear was also assessed using coordinate metrology to determine whether or not there was a relationship between bearing and taper material loss in these cases. The study found that in this cohort the median value of metal-on-polyethylene taper loss was 1.25?mm3 with the consequent median value for metal-on-metal taper loss being 1.75?mm3. This study also suggests that manufacturing form can result in an apparent loss of material from the taper surface determined to have a median value of 0.59?mm3. Therefore, it is clear that form variability is a significant confounding factor in the measurement of material loss from the tapers of femoral heads retrieved following revision surgery.
AB - There have been a number of reports on the occurrence of taper corrosion and/or fretting and some have speculated on a link to the occurrence of adverse local tissue reaction specifically in relation to total hip replacement which have a metal-on-metal bearing. As such a study was carried out to compare the magnitude of material loss at the taper in a series of retrieved femoral heads used in metal-on-polyethylene bearings with that in a series of retrieved heads used in metal-on-metal bearings. A total of 36 metal-on-polyethylene and 21 metal-on-metal femoral components were included in the study all of which were received from a customer complaint database. Furthermore, a total of nine as-manufactured femoral components were included to provide a baseline for characterisation. All taper surfaces were assessed using an established corrosion scoring method and measurements were taken of the female taper surface using a contact profilometry. In the case of metal-on-metal components, the bearing wear was also assessed using coordinate metrology to determine whether or not there was a relationship between bearing and taper material loss in these cases. The study found that in this cohort the median value of metal-on-polyethylene taper loss was 1.25?mm3 with the consequent median value for metal-on-metal taper loss being 1.75 mm3. This study also suggests that manufacturing form can result in an apparent loss of material from the taper surface determined to have a median value of 0.59 mm3. Therefore, it is clear that form variability is a significant confounding factor in the measurement of material loss from the tapers of femoral heads retrieved following revision surgery
The Fifth International Competition on Knowledge Engineering for Planning and Scheduling: Summary and Trends
No full textWe review the 2016 International Competition on Knowledge Engineering for Planning and Scheduling (ICKEPS), the fifth in a series of competitions started in 2005. ICKEPS series focuses on promoting the importance of knowledge engineering methods and tools for automated Planning and Scheduling system
Linear viscoelasticity of gluten: decoupling of relaxation mechanisms
Get PDFThe influence of water content on the relaxation dynamics of mesoporous gluten networks has been explored in a wide range of temperatures. The systems were investigated in the linear viscoelastic region by means of stress relaxation, creep and numerical analysis of data. Time-temperature superposition principle and sticky reptation dynamics have been used to provide molecular interpretation of gluten relaxation. Overall, hydration influences relaxation behaviour of the system, which can be linked to changes in the secondary structure of gluten proteins with increase in water content. Relaxation spectra calculated with Tikhonov regularization revealed the remarkable influence of water on the long times relaxation processes of the material. Creep measurements and extraction of dynamic data with direct conversion of creep data via Laplace transform augmented the experimental timeframe of observations to low frequencies unattainable by standard frequency sweeps. The predominance of loss modulus at long times is attributed to migration of water within the nanopores of the structure. Samples also exhibit self-similar relaxation a characteristic of systems existing at a critical state. Two relaxation mechanisms can be distinguished: one arising from viscoelastic relaxation of protein chains and an additional stemming from poroelastic relaxation owing to migration of water in the system
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