29295 research outputs found
Sort by
Adaptive Anchoring Model: How Static and Dynamic Presentations of Time Series Influence Judgments and Predictions
No full textWhen attempting to predict future events, people commonly rely on historical data. One psychological characteristic of judgmental forecasting of time series, established by research, is that when people make forecasts from series, they tend to underestimate future values for upward trends and overestimate them for downward ones, so-called trend-damping (modeled by anchoring on, and insufficient adjustment from, the average of recent time series values). Events in a time series can be experienced sequentially (dynamic mode), or they can also be retrospectively viewed simultaneously (static mode), not experienced individually in real time. In one experiment, we studied the influence of presentation mode (dynamic and static) on two sorts of judgment: (a) predictions of the next event (forecast) and (b) estimation of the average value of all the events in the presented series (average estimation). Participants' responses in dynamic mode were anchored on more recent events than in static mode for all types of judgment but with different consequences; hence, dynamic presentation improved prediction accuracy, but not estimation. These results are not anticipated by existing theoretical accounts; we develop and present an agent-based model—the adaptive anchoring model (ADAM)—to account for the difference between processing sequences of dynamically and statically presented stimuli (visually presented data). ADAM captures how variation in presentation mode produces variation in responses (and the accuracy of these responses) in both forecasting and judgment tasks. ADAM's model predictions for the forecasting and judgment tasks fit better with the response data than a linear-regression time series model. Moreover, ADAM outperformed autoregressive-integrated-moving-average (ARIMA) and exponential-smoothing models, while neither of these models accounts for people's responses on the average estimation tas
Understanding Risky Behavior: The Influence of Cognitive, Emotional and Hormonal Factors on Decision-Making under Risk
No full textFinancial risky decisions and evaluations pervade many human everyday activities. Scientific research in such decision-making typically explores the influence of socio-economic and cognitive factors on financial behavior. However, very little research has explored the holistic influence of contextual, emotional, and hormonal factors on preferences for risk in insurance and investment behaviors. Accordingly, the goal of this review article is to address the complexity of individual risky behavior and its underlying psychological factors, as well as to critically examine current regulations on financial behavio
Effect of He implantation on the microstructure of zircaloy-4 studied using in situ TEM
Get PDFHighlights
• Differences in the evolution of α and βZr microstructures under 6 keV He ion implantation have been analysed as a function of irradiation dose and temperature using in situ TEM.
• Both thermal and irradiation stabilities of Zr hydrides particles were studied and were found to dissolve with increasing fluence.
• It is suggested that the combination of two different mass-transport mechanisms for He in zircaloy-4 play a major rule in the Zr hydride irradiation-induced dissolution.
• He bubble lattices were observed to form during irradiation at 473 K and 1148 K in both crystalline phases, α and βZr, at around the same fluence of 1.7×10^17 ions⋅cm−2 (3.2 dpa)
Metronome and Melodic Lines: Confluences of the word and the move in solo studio-based movement improvisatory practice
Get PDFThis article introduces and analyses two approaches to experiencing and interpreting confluences of the spoken word and movement when training or performing solo movement improvisation. The first is Metronome – a training strategy invented by two of my earliest improvisation teachers, Peter Trotman and Andrew Morrish – in which there is a deliberate coming together of speaking and moving. The second is Melodic Lines – a training or loose performance score that I have developed – in which spoken language
emerges from sensation. Sondra Fraleigh’s comments on the ‘fragmented “umms” and “ahhhs”, pauses and detours’ that she notes in everyday speech open a useful perspective on the way in which Metronome encourages uninhibited production of words in synchronicity with movement. A consideration of dance ethnographer
Deidre Sklar’s views on linguistic meaning – articulated in terms of the ‘somatic reverberations’ of words and her proposition that it is possible to ‘bid words to participate in the somatic schema they represent’ – frames my consideration of Melodic Lines as a strategy in which words are experienced as embodied knowledge. These approaches are further contextualized within the related improvisatory discourses of Keith Johnstone,
Ruth Zaporah, Miranda Tufnell and Chris Crickmay
Taal en veiligheid: een groeiend nieuw werkveld [Language and security: a growing new field of work]
No full textLanguage issues cause safety problems at work. This study presents an inventory of scientific studies in the economic sectors and assesses which level of risk management they address. Complications with language have not been investigated comprehensively across sectors as a causal factor in accidents. This leaves language related risks partially unknown, hence uncontrolled. There is lack of insight in both the nature and magnitude of this danger in healthcare, agricultural, transport and construction sectors. Healthcare is especially troublesome since patients might be victims of language related accidents due to their presence and interaction. The same may occur to members of the public in traffic accidents. In transport and agricultural sectors safety measures were taken without any analysis of language related risks. This study shows that scientific research on ‘language and safety’ is in its infancy and requires priority on the research agenda
Catalytic sp3 -sp3 Functionalisation of Sulfonamides: Late-Stage Modification of Drug-Like Molecules
No full textA new application of Pd-catalysed allylation is reported that enables the synthesis of a range of branched sp3-functionalised sulfonamides, a compound class for which few reported methods exist. By reacting benzyl sulfonamides with allylic acetates in the presence of Pd0 catalysts and base at room temperature, direct allylation was efficiently performed, yielding products that are analogues of structural motifs seen in biologically active small molecules. The reaction was performed under mild conditions and could be applied to nanomolar sigma-receptor binders, thus enabling a late-stage functionalisation and efficient expansion of drug-like chemical space
Celebrating the work of PGRs in Human and Health Sciences
No full textThe School of Human and Health Sciences is justifiably proud of its research. World renowned staff examine issues as diverse as criminal profiling, wound care and child protection. Emerging themes for research in the school range from examining mental health and well-being to innovative approaches to understanding crime, from the study of national identity to examining beliefs in witchcraft and possession. This diversity in research areas is reflected in the work of the postgraduate researchers (PgRs) registered for research degrees under the supervision of academic and research staff of the school. In order to showcase this research, the School hosts an annual research festival in which PgRs can either give an oral presentation of their work, or produce a poster. The launch of this new e-book is a showcase of research from the second annual festival in 2016
Labour and Working-Class Lives: Essays to Celebrate the Life and Work of Chris Wrigley
Get PDFThis is an absorbing collection of original essays contributed in honour of Professor Chris Wrigley, one of the leading figures in the study of British labour history and former President of The Historical Association. It focuses on a range of historical topics on two main themes: labour politics and working–class lives. The collection reflects Wrigley’s interests in liberal and labour politics, industrial relations, trade unions and industrial system
Nonposturing surgery for Persistent Macular Hole using Heavy Silicone Oil (Oxane Hd) Endotamponade
No full textPurpose:
To investigate the usefulness of Oxane HD for nonposturing surgery on persistent (redo) macular holes by reporting visual and anatomical outcomes as well as complications in a consecutive case series.
Methods:
Eighteen consecutive patients with a persistent macular hole were recruited from 2008 to 2016. Pre- and postoperative visual acuity and optical coherence tomography data were recorded. Anatomical success was defined as complete circumferential neurosensory reattachment. Postoperative complications were actively looked for and noted.
Results:
Eighteen (100%) of the 18 persistent holes were closed on the first postoperative day. Visual acuity improved significantly in 15 (83.4%) of the 18 patients from baseline, mean change 0.62 log units (range, 0-1.72). Two (11.1%) of the 18 patients maintained their vision while 1 (5.5%) of the 18 patients lost more than 2 lines. No pre- or postoperative complications were noted.
Conclusion:
This is the largest prospective study on the use of heavier than water silicone oil to close persistent macular holes without the need for prone posturing. Oxane HD may be successfully used where conventional techniques have already failed and can be associated with functional recovery. Patients’ inability to posture need not preclude redo macular surgery
Access Repository Dashboard
Do you manage University of Huddersfield Repository? Access insider analytics, issue reports and manage access to outputs from your repository in the CORE Repository Dashboard!