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Heaviness and the electric guitar: Considering the interaction between distortion and harmonic structures
Get PDFIn metal music studies, “heaviness” has been acknowledged an essential element of the genre. Commonly associated with the distorted guitar, most work on heaviness has concentrated on the instrument’s sound. If respective research considered structural aspects of the guitar riff, then with a special focus on tempo, rhythm, tonality and form. This article analyses the interaction between distortion and harmonic structures on the electric guitar. Operationalising heaviness with a psychoacoustic model of sensory consonance, an acoustic experiment explores how guitar distortion affects acoustic features of harmonic structures. Since acoustic studies are limited in predicting perception, a listening test investigates distortion’s influence on listener perception. The findings indicate that both increasing distortion level and harmonic complexity reduce sensory consonance, especially when acting together. Acoustically, distortion shows a slightly stronger effect strength than structure; perceptually, the ratio is dependent on person-specific characteristics. Metalheads seem to be only little affected by sensory dissonance
Predicative Possessives, Relational Nouns, and Floating Quantifiers
No full textGreen (1971) notes the apparent unacceptability of certain quantificational expressions as possessors of singular head nouns. We provide data from a range of English dialects to show that such constructions are not straightforwardly unacceptable, but there are a number of restrictions on their use. We build on Kayne’s (1993; 1994) analysis of English possessives in conjunction with considerations on floating quantifiers to explain both the types of possessive that are permitted in the relevant dialects and their distribution, which is restricted to predicative position
Schizophrenia: Practical prescribing of antipsychotics
Get PDFSchizophrenia is commonly treated with antipsychotics. This article presents a major overview of prescribing antipsychotic for the non-medical prescriber. The prescribing of first- and second generation antipsychotics is considered together with the formulation and side effects. Both the evidence-base for prescribing, and the pharmacology are considered with particular reference to side effects and patient choice
Achievement goals and self-determination in adult football players: a cluster analysis
Get PDFTo better understand the relationship between aspects of motivation and performance level of adult football players, this study aimed to identify differences in motivation in different motivational profiles created through hierarchical cluster analysis. The participants consisted of 304 adult football players (90 professionals, 144 semi-professionals, 70 amateurs, age: 25.4 ± 4.6 y). Participants completed the Task and Ego Orientation in Sports Questionnaire and the Self-Regulation Questionnaire. Based on the constructs of the questionnaires cluster analyses were performed. Chi-square was used to determine any relationships between players and clusters. Four different clusters were identified. There was no typical motivational profile for football players from different competitive levels. However, the differences in all four clusters represented specific characteristics in football players from the different levels of competition most represented in each cluster. Cluster 1, which was the most adaptive, was not related to competition level. On the other hand, professional athletes were significantly less represented in the least adaptive motivational profile (Cluster 4). The results highlight the complex relationship between competition and sporting motivation. Identifying the motivational profile characteristics of football players who can reach higher competitive levels presents itself as a future research opportunity
Developing cellulosic waste products as platform chemicals: protecting group chemistry of α-glucoisosaccharinic acid
Get PDFAlpha and beta-glucoisosaccharinic acids ((2S,4S)-2,4,5-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)pentanoic acid and (2R,4S)-2,4,5-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)pentanoic acid) which are produced when cellulosic materials are treated with aqueous alkali are potentially valuable platform chemicals. Their highly functionalised carbon skeleton, with fixed chirality at C-2 and C-4, makes them ideal starting materials for use in synthesis. In order to assess the potential of these saccharinic acids as platform chemicals we have explored the protecting group chemistry of the lactone form of alpha-glucoisosaccharinic acid (α-GISAL). We report here the use of single and multiple step reaction pathways leading to the regioselective protection of the three different hydroxyl groups of α-GISAL. We report strategies for protecting the three different hydroxyl groups individually or in pairs. We also report the synthesis of a range of tri-O-protected α-GISAL derivatives where a number of the products contain orthogonal protecting groups
Feeling superior or deprived? Attitudes and underlying mentalities of residents towards Mainland Chinese tourists
Get PDFThe exponential increase in the number of Mainland Chinese tourists (MCTs) and their sudden influx to popular destinations worldwide have resulted in increasingly frequent media reports on their behaviours and encounters with hosts. However, the academic literature has inadequately analysed resident attitudes towards this surging and, in a few destinations, dominant group. The current study addresses this gap by examining the attitudes and mentalities of Hong Kong (HK) residents towards MCTs and revealing their underlying psychological mechanism. A total of 39 semi-structured interviews demonstrate that unfavourable attitudes towards MCTs have exceeded neutral or positive attitudes. Moreover, HK residents share two intertwined mentalities – sense of superiority and feeling of deprivation. Findings are discussed under the social identity meta-theoretical framework, and a cyclic psychological mechanism of ‘social categorisation–social identity–social comparison’ is identified underlying resident attitude and community mentality formation
Synergistic adsorption of Cd(II) with sulfate/phosphate on ferrihydrite: An in situ ATR-FTIR/2D-COS study
Get PDFElucidation of the co-adsorption characteristics of heavy metal cations and oxyanions on (oxyhydr)oxides can help to better understand their distribution and transformation in many geological settings. In this work, batch adsorption experiments in combination with in situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) were applied to explore the interaction mechanisms of Cd(II) with sulfate or phosphate at the ferrihydrite (Fh)–water interface, and the two-dimensional correlation spectroscopic analysis (2D–COS) was used to enhance the resolution of ATR-FTIR bands and the accuracy of analysis. The batch adsorption experiments showed enhanced adsorption of both sulfate (S) and phosphate (P) on Fh when co-adsorbed with Cd(II); additionally, the desorbed percentages of Cd(II) were much lower in the P + Cd adsorption systems than those in the S + Cd adsorption systems. The spectroscopic results suggested that in the single adsorption systems, sulfate primarily adsorbed as outer-sphere complexes with a small amount of bidentate inner-sphere complexes, while the dominant adsorbed species of phosphate were largely the bidentate nonprotonated inner-sphere complexes, although there was significant pH-dependence. In the co-adsorption systems, the synergistic adsorption of Cd(II) and sulfate was dominantly attributed to the electrostatic interaction, as well as the formation of Fe–Cd–S (i.e., Cd-bridged) ternary complexes. In contrast, Fe–P–Cd (i.e., phosphate-bridged) ternary complexes were found in all of the co-adsorption systems of phosphate and Cd(II); furthermore, electrostatic interaction should also contribute to the co-adsorption process. Our results show that in situ ATR-FTIR in combination with 2D–COS can be an efficient tool in analyzing the co-adsorption mechanisms of anions and heavy metal cations on iron (oxyhydr)oxides in ternary adsorption systems. The co-existence of Cd(II) with sulfate or phosphate can be beneficial for their accumulations on Fh, and phosphate is more efficient than sulfate for the long-term immobilization of Cd(II)
The role of first person perspective and imagery in memory for written narratives
No full textThe use of visualisation techniques in teaching has enabled students to improve their memory and comprehension of written narratives. Psychological research reveals how various factors can influence visualisation and learning, including; adopting a character’s perspective; constructing self-related images; multi-sensory text representing episodic events; and imagery ability. These factors were explored using narratives that represented real events, which contained subjective and objective information. University students (age range 18–25 years) recalled the narratives in a first person, third person and neutral perspective. In the first person perspective, information was connected to their sense of ‘self’, which improved memory. Additionally, the first person perspective improved memory for subjective and objective information for high imagery ability individuals and subjective information for low imagery ability individuals. Overall, the findings suggest that visualisation, first person perspective and narratives representing real experiences improve memory and comprehension. Implications for practice are also discussed
Working with Students as Partners: Developing Peer Mentoring to Enhance the Undergraduate Student Experience
No full textCapturing the power of student peers to enhance the student experience and higher education (HE) learning environment, as well as provide skills development opportunities, has a centuries long history (Colvin and Ashman, 2010). However, recent changes in the HE sector (including changes to financing students resulting in growing financial pressures, and the teaching excellence framework emphasising metrics measuring students’ satisfaction with a course and their outcomes) means ‘peer mentoring’ and ‘peer assisted learning’ schemes have grown as the holistic context of higher education becomes increasingly understood as fundamentally significant to students’ learning experience (Lindley, McCall and Abu-Arab, 2013; Mavrinac, 2005). Recent work has pointed to the contemporary imperative for universities to work with students to re-imagine and re-develop all aspects of the student learning experience in a spirit of collaboration, co-operation and partnership (Bryson, 2014; HEA, 2014; Healey, Flint & Harrington, 2014; Thomas et al., 2017). In this chapter we focus on how such an approach was applied to the development of a peer mentor scheme for new undergraduate students studying within the social sciences. Such mentoring programmes have been linked to higher achievement outcomes as well as retention and student inclusivity within diverse populations (Binder, Schreir, Kühnen, and Kedzior, 2013; Chester, Burton, Xenos and Elgar, 2013).
The scheme, though initiated by staff and institutional-wide strategy, was developed in collaboration with the students who volunteered to take part, and who took on the role of ‘student expert’. This collaborative development was intended to ensure that the scheme would achieve the aims of enhancing the student learning experience, support an inclusive and collaborative learning culture, provide empowerment opportunities, support gaining employability skills, and develop a sustainable peer mentoring culture. The first year of the initiative was also qualitatively evaluated by the mentors and mentees, with this research project being co-designed and researched with the peer mentors. Through this process peer mentors developed tools to aid the establishment, implementation and maintenance of collaborative peer mentoring schemes which can be incorporated into a model to support the development of such future schemes
Closing the loophole: time to clip Hizballah’s ‘wings’
Get PDFFollowing the terrorist attack in central London on 3rd June 2017, the Prime Minister declared, ‘Enough is enough’ in relation to violent extremism. Just 15 days later, however, the flag of the proscribed terrorist group, Hizballah, was paraded through central London without police intervention. This is because of a loophole by which UK legislation proscribes only Hizballah’s military ‘wing’, but not its supposed political ‘wing’. This article examines the legal background to this situation and argues that the current distinction between Hizballah’s supposed ‘wings’ is untenable. If the Home Secretary shares the Prime Minister’s view that ‘Enough is enough’, she should now move to proscribe Hizballah in its entirety
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