Metallurgical and Materials Engineering (E-Journal)
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Optimizing the Spectral Properties of the Chemical Sensor to Detect Concentrations of Gas Mixtures
Get PDFMonitoring aromatic hydrocarbons is environmentally important because these chemical pollutants are ubiquitous. While waiting for powerful sensors capable of detecting hydrocarbons at extremely low levels, the current study demonstrates how each of the pure gas mixtures can be quickly and accurately identified. A noise removal unit was created for the chemical sensor data and then processed on the basis of the proposed algorithms in order to achieve matching and calibration. This method can be extended to other important aromatic hydrocarbon pollutants
A Numerical Simulation for Cooling of Integrated Toroidal Octagonal Inductor Using Nanofluid in a Microchannel Heat Sink: NANOFLUID IN A MICROCHANNEL HEAT SINK
No full textThis paper presents a comprehensive numerical simulation study focused on the cooling of integrated toroidal octagonal inductor using nanofluids within a microchannel heat sink. The investigation utilizes COMSOL Multiphysics 6.0 integrated with the Fluid Flow and Conjugate Heat Transfer Module. The primary objective is to explore and understand fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics within the integrated inductor. The study involves testing three distinct fluids, water, CuO-water nanofluid, and Al2O3-water nanofluid, under laminar flow conditions within microchannels. The choice of fluid plays a significant role in heat transfer, interacting with the microchannel geometry to optimize performance. Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models are meticulously developed; focusing on toroidal inductors equipped with micro pin fins heat sinks. The study commences by detailing the geometry of the micro coil and the integrated heat sink. The simulation encompasses a mathematical model that captures the intricate interplay between the governing Navier-Stokes equations for fluid dynamics and the heat transfer equations within the integrated inductor. As φ increases, temperature, viscosity, and pressure decrease. CuO-water and Al2O3-water nanofluids play a significant role in influencing laminar flow and key thermal parameters in the toroidal inductor. These nanofluids, which consist of base fluids (water) with dispersed nanoparticles (CuO or Al2O3), are employed as cooling agents to enhance heat transfer. The presence of nanoparticles in the fluid alters its thermal properties, leading to changes in the flow dynamics and overall heat dissipation within the toroidal inductor.The laminar flow characteristics are affected by the nanofluid's viscosity, density, and thermal conductivity. Additionally, the Nusselt number, Reynolds number, and thermal resistance are key thermal parameters that reflect the performance of the cooling system. The nanofluid's influence on these parameters is crucial for understanding and optimizing the thermal management of the integrated toroidal inductor.
The enhancement of heat dissipation in the toroidal inductor is achieved through improved thermal properties of the nanofluid. Higher nanoparticle concentrations result in better heat transfer rates, leading to lower temperatures in the toroidal inductor. This, in turn, improves the overall efficiency and performance of the cooling system. The viscosity of the nanofluid is influenced by the presence of nanoparticles. The pressure within the microchannels is also affected by the nanoparticle concentration. An increase in φ can lead to changes in pressure drop along the microchannels. Understanding these variations is crucial for designing an effective cooling system
Cloud Integration With Java And Net
Get PDFThe increasing adoption of cloud computing across industries has led to the need for seamless integration between traditional programming languages and cloud platforms. Cloud computing offers a scalable, flexible, and cost-efficient solution for application deployment, data storage, and processing. Java and .NET are two dominant programming ecosystems widely used for building enterprise applications. This paper explores the integration of Java and .NET with cloud platforms, focusing on the major cloud service providers such as Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform (GCP). The research investigates the tools, frameworks, and best practices that enable Java and .NET developers to integrate their applications with cloud environments effectively. It also presents comparative analysis of how these two programming languages approach cloud integration, particularly in terms of cloud-native development, serverless computing, and microservices. Through two case studies, this paper demonstrates how Java and .NET applications can be deployed and managed on cloud platforms, offering insight into the challenges and solutions encountered in real-world scenarios. Furthermore, it highlights the significance of leveraging managed services and cloud-native features to optimize performance, scalability, and cost-efficiency. This study contributes to the understanding of cloud integration practices in Java and .NET environments, providing valuable guidance to developers and organizations seeking to migrate or optimize their applications in the cloud. The findings emphasize the importance of selecting the appropriate cloud service provider and integrating cloud capabilities based on the specific needs of the application, thereby maximizing the potential benefits of cloud computing
Research on Treating Demineralized Enamel with Different Remineralizing Agents before Bonding Orthodontic Brackets
Get PDFMany orthodontic clinics have problems with patients who have dental demineralization. This study aimed to evaluate “the shear bond strength (SBS)” of braces after being bonded to demineralized teeth treated with herbal materials. Our study samples were divided into five groups. The first group was left with no treatment. The surfaces of the second, third, and fourth groups were first treated with a demineralizing solution. The second group was left after being demineralized without any subsequent treatment; the third group was treated with rosemary oil; the fourth was treated with ginger–honey. Casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate with fluoride paste (CPP–ACPF) was applied to the fifth group. A universal testing machine evaluated the SBS. A stereomicroscope was used to determine the adhesive remnant index (ARI). The enamel surface changes were observed using surface microhardness (SMH) testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) to determine the element percentages. Our data revealed that the values of both SBS and SMH were significantly (p < 0.05) increased after remineralization. Rosemary and ginger–honey significantly enhanced the SBS and SMH of the demineralized teeth
Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polyurethane-Palm Fronds Ash Composites
Get PDFThe aim of the article is to study the influence of environmentally friendly palm frond ash on the mechanical and thermal properties of polyurethane used as filler. Various weight filler ratios with particle sizes around (125 μm) were examined and characterized using elongation, tensile strength, Young's modulus, compressive strength, average burning time, and infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that the addition of 20 wt.% palm frond ash powder significantly improved the hardness mixture by about 2.83 MPa. In addition to that, the highest value of the compressive strength of the polymer with the additive was recorded at 10 wt.%. Also, the most excellent value of Young’s modulus was 2 MPa at a ratio of 50 wt. %, as was the average burning time of about 33 sec. The mechanical properties of polyurethane were affected by adding palm frond ash, which increases the tensile and compressive strengths, making it suitable for use in many applications. Moreover, the environmentally friendly material reflects the benefits of waste recycling. The addition of filler affects the morphology and strengthens the brittleness. Additionally, the use of fly ash from palm frond combustion in the technology of polyurethane materials complies. Partial replacement of petrochemical components with waste filler also reduces the total energy consumption in producing PU composites.
 
Development of a Low-Cost, High-Accuracy Particulate Matter (PM) Sensor for AQI Monitoring: Design and Validation of Model for Predicting AQI in Different Areas
Get PDFIn Banglore, the second greatest and fastest-growing city in India, measurements of fine particulates less than or equal to 10 μm (PM10) were taken continuously using a dust-resistant sampler (APM 460 BL). We followed the usual procedures advised by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for both collecting samples and following inspection for in contact with air particulates particles. The lead level fluctuated between 0.21 to 1.18 μg/m3, whereas PM10 values were recorded to range from 88.1 to 226.9 μg/m3. The yearly medians of the amounts of substances currently of significance showed that they were typically consistent with those found in the majority of other Indian metropolitan regions and were largely beneath the Indian environmental guidelines. Concurrently, the anticipated and estimated quantities of PM10 were compared in order to confirm the AERMOD framework. The information repository created by the current study on pollution levels could be utilized for additional investigations and citywide efforts to reduce pollution.
Chemical Characterization And Antioxidant Efficacy Of Samvardhana Ghrita: An Analytical Study
Get PDFSamvardhana Ghrita is a traditional Ayurvedic formulation known for its rejuvenating and therapeutic properties. Composed of key ingredients such as Khadira, Prishnaparni, Arjuna Twak, and others, it is primarily used for It is used to promote healthy growth of child, and used to treat Pangu (inability to walk), Muka (subnormal speech), Ashruti (deaf), and Jada (subnormal intelligence). The study aims to evaluate the physicochemical properties, microbial quality, and antioxidant activity of Samvardhana Ghrita to confirm its efficacy and safety. Physicochemical analysis, including specific gravity, saponification value, iodine value, acid value, refractive index, and rancidity, was performed. Physicochemical testing of Ghrita exhibited the quality is normal. Microbial testing showed the absence of harmful microorganisms, with total bacterial and fungal counts within permissible limits. The antioxidant activity, measured using the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay, indicated moderate to good antioxidant potential. The results confirm that Samvardhana Ghrita meets quality standards for safety, purity, and therapeutic efficacy. This comprehensive evaluation highlights the importance of stringent quality control in Ayurvedic formulations
Recycling of Magnesium Alloy Scrap by Remelting and Chemical De-coating Process
Get PDFThe growing demands of magnesium (Mg) based materials had risen new challenges related to disposal of unused parts and a huge amount of waste made by such metals. Attempts to recycle the scrap of these materials through remelting had become one of the preferred choices. However, a series of preliminary steps should be carried out to reduce the impurities as well as to maintain the quality of the casted ingot, for instance, by applying de-coating for removing paints or coating substrates at the scrap surface prior to remelting. In this research, the effects of chemical reagent de-coating on the properties of ingot obtained from recycling Mg scrap were studied. A commercial paint removal liquid was preferred as the reagent for removing paint layers over the Mg scrap surface. The de-coated scrap was then remelted in a conventional furnace with NaCl powder as the fluxing layer. The results of this study noticed the importance of chemical de-coating process to reduce the impurity contents in the ingot which might be originated from the coating or paint substrates covering the Mg scrap. Meanwhile, the density and hardness of the Mg ingot processed without de-coating were obviously higher than that had been cleaned previously with paint removing agent
Numerical and experimental investigations of mechanical properties of AW 6005-T6 Aluminium alloy butt weld joint using GMAW process
Get PDFThis study aimed to investigate the effect of the welding heat input on the heat affected zone (HAZ) of AW 6005-T6 aluminium alloy for a butt-welded joint using gas metal arc welding. The determination of the thermal cycles, metallography, and the resulting mechanical properties in the zone makes its possible. The study involved using a welding experiment, numerical simulation, physical simulation, and mechanical tests. The welding was carried out using the pulsed gas metal arc welding (GMAW) transfer and type J thermocouples were used to develop the thermal cycles in the HAZ. Simufact® Welding was utilized for the numerical simulation. Optical microscope was used to evaluate the microstructures and Vickers microhardness test was done along the weld cross-section. The HAZ was located on the weld cross-section with a mean hardness of 63.7 HV0.1, which is considerably lower when compared with the base metal (BM) which has a hardness of 100 HV0.1. This indicates thermal softening occurred due to the heat input to the material. There is a match in the hardness values of the Gleeble samples and the locations on the weld cross section suggested by the model showing validity of the simulation. It is important to note the fact that there is an influence of heat input into aluminum AW 6005-T6 weld joints and its mechanical properties in the design of welding process parameters for automotive parts. The welding parameters can be optimized to decrease the heat input into the weld, as this can directly affects the mechanical properties in the HAZ
Comparative Analysis of Diffusion Metallization Coatings Applied on Steel Parts
Get PDFIn this paper the positive and negative aspects of diffusion metallization of steels were reviewed. It was shown that at high heating temperatures and prolonged exposure under these temperatures, steels show a tendency to enlarge austenitic grain. Overheating can occur at high exposure temperatures (T>1000ᵒC), which can be rectified by repeated heating however if burning of the steel microstructure occurs, it cannot be corrected. Given these circumstances, when assigning diffusion metallization modes, it is necessary to consider the factor of overheating or burning of steel in the process of exposure to high temperatures. To avoid this phenomenon, it is recommended to use alternative low-temperature processes of diffusion saturation of steels. Nitriding, nitro-cementation, gas-thermal spraying of the surface of steels are shown as such examples. It was suggested that these processes in comparison with diffusion metallization are more promising and acceptable for the restoration of worn surfaces of steels in the manufacture of parts of specialized equipment. Given that the parts of specialized equipment work in extreme conditions, repeated high-temperature heating of these steels is not recommended.To overcome the shortcomings of the diffusion metallization, the most frequently used coatings are applied by CVD, thermal spray, and cloth cladding techniques. As an alternative promising solution, the development of innovative methods of diffusion saturation, like an ion plantation of atoms on a relatively cold surface of the part could also be considered. It is shown that diffusion metallization is most acceptable for saturation of the surface of non-ferrous metals and alloys with the hardest and wear-resistant compounds