Metallurgical and Materials Engineering (E-Journal)
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The Enhancing PV stations for charging electric vehicles by utilizing shape memory alloy to track the sun and decrease fatigue
No full textIntegrating PV systems in large commercial areas for electric vehicle charging offers a comprehensive and strategic approach to sustainable business practices. This integration aligns economic, environmental, and social benefits, potentially reducing operational costs and boosting the overall brand image. In the pursuit of improving these types of structures, the use of shape memory alloy (SMA) emerges can be an ideal smart material. These materials can strengthen the structure as a damper and improve energy collection in PV system as mechanical tracker. This study is focused on developing a new smart actuator design that can be used as a sun tracker and mechanical damper in photovoltaic stations for commercial buildings. The proposed SMA actuator can significantly move in response to solar irradiation and can reduce fatigue by stabilizing mechanical stress during bad weather. In order to integrate the proposed actuator with the PV station in response to temperature and stress variation, a mathematical model has been developed. The study seeks to capture the thermo-mechanical behavior, including both superelasticity and the shape memory effect. The findings indicate that incorporating the SMA actuator in the PV station improves energy production efficiency by 19%, decreases vibrations by 85%, and contributes to the station's longevity. These technologies collectively offer environmental, economic, and operational benefits, making it a valuable component in the optimization of solar energy system
Study of Factors Affecting the Strength of Briquettes Made of Aluminum and Nickel-Containing Slags
Get PDFThis study investigated a technique for pressing slags containing aluminum and nickel to create briquettes using a polymer binder. It examines how the pressing pressure and the proportion of nickel to carbon in the slags affects the strength of the briquettes that are produced. Some of the issues that currently plague the metallurgical sector and environmental ecology can be resolved by employing briquette slags from the secondary processing of aluminum (slags containing aluminum). In the smelting of ferrous metals, their usage as slag thinners enables the exclusion of expensive and scarce natural raw materials like bauxites and fluorspar, which has a favorable impact on the price of steel produced. The study indicated that pressing pressures between 130 and 230 MPa can produce sufficiently strong briquettes, enabling the combined use of these wastes in the metallurgical industry. The ratio of the nickel and carbon contents in the charge significantly impacts the briquettes' strength. The nickel content that is 1.5 times greater than carbon is ideal from this vantage point.
The study indicated that pressing pressures between 130 and 230 MPa can produce sufficiently strong briquettes, enabling the combined use of these wastes in the metallurgical industry.
The ratio of the nickel and carbon contents in the charge significantly impacts the briquettes' strength. The nickel content that is 1.5 times greater than carbon is ideal from this vantage point
Synthesis and Characterization of Alumina Powders Obtained at Various Temperatures Via Sol-Gel Method
Get PDFAlumina powders were synthesized by sol-gel method using aluminum isopropoxide as the precursor, de-ionized water as a solvent and hydrochloride acid as a gelation agent. The alumina gel has been dried and sintered at different temperatures in the range 200°C to 1200 °C. The synthesized samples were characterized by Termogravimetry analysis (TG/DTA), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption / desorption techniques (BET) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The X-ray diffraction diagrams showed the formation of different alumina’s phases such as ϒ-alumina obtained between 400°C and 900°C, θ-alumina at 1000°C and finally α-alumina was obtained at 1100°C. According to the calcination temperature, the crystallite size varies between 15.4 and 41.5nm. FT-IR confirmed the presence of hydroxyl groups and Al-O bonding vibrations, the specific surface area was found in the range of 74,939 and 156,3255 m2g-1, the pore diameter was in the range of 6,5579 to 9,4485nm and pore volume varies between of 0,082435 to 0,30514 cm3g-1depending as a function of heat treatment, and finally the SEM images reveal the formation of irregularly shaped particles with a disordered, heterogeneous structure. Likewise, thermal properties were investigated using the thermogravimetric method (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA), illustrating the thermal stability of the α-alumina phase at over 1100°C
Hardness Enhancement in Al-Si Alloy Through Combined Pressing and Heat Treatment with Coconut Shell Charcoal Media
Get PDFThe study investigated the enhancement of hardness in Al-Si alloy through a combination of pressing and heat treatment using coconut shell charcoal media. Utilizing a novel approach, the alloy specimens were subjected to heat treatment at 450°C followed by a brief pressing process and an artificial aging treatment. The results revealed a significant increase in surface hardness from 76.32 VHN to 133 VHN, attributed to the formation of aluminum carbide (Al₄C₃) and aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) on the alloy surface. This suggested that the combined treatment process effectively improves the mechanical properties of the Al-Si alloy, making it suitable for applications requiring enhanced wear resistance and durability
Metallic Materials in Radiology: Addressing Image Artifacts and Improving Diagnostic Accuracy
Get PDFMetallic materials play a critical role in radiology as biomaterials, components of implants, and parts of diagnostic and therapeutic devices. Despite their benefits, metallic materials pose significant challenges in medical imaging, such as image artifacts that can obscure diagnostic details and reduce accuracy. This paper explores the types and properties of commonly used metallic materials, including titanium, stainless steel, and cobalt-chromium alloys, and their applications in radiology. Challenges such as spray-shaped artifacts, attenuation, and scattering are discussed in detail. Techniques for reducing artifacts, including dual-energy imaging, iterative reconstruction, and advanced software algorithms, are examined. Additionally, emerging innovations such as AI-driven artifact correction, gold nanoparticle-based gels, and advanced imaging technologies are highlighted. The review aims to provide insights into current trends and future directions for optimizing the use of metallic materials in radiology, ensuring improved diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes
Cutaneous Hamartoma in a Paediatric Patient: A Case Report on Accessory Eyelashes and Auricular Lesion
Get PDFBackground: Cutaneous hamartomas are rare, benign congenital malformations involving the abnormal proliferation of native tissue components in an irregular arrangement. They can present in various anatomical regions, often posing diagnostic challenges. Accessory eyelashes and auricular lesions are uncommon manifestations of cutaneous hamartomas, necessitating careful evaluation to differentiate them from other nevoid or choristomatous conditions.
Case Presentation: We report the case of a 4-year-old female with no significant medical history, presenting with a pedunculated lesion measuring 0.5 × 0.5 cm on the left outer canthus of the eye, along with a smaller lesion on the right ear. The lesions were asymptomatic, showing no erythema or discharge. The patient underwent surgical excision of both lesions under general anesthesia. The left accessory eyelash lesion was removed using an elliptical incision, while the right auricular lesion was excised and repaired with subcutaneous sutures. Histopathological examination of the left canthal lesion revealed large hair follicles intermixed with sweat glands and fatty tissue in the dermis, confirming the diagnosis of a cutaneous hamartoma. The findings excluded differential diagnoses such as distichiasis or choristoma.
Conclusion: This case highlights a rare presentation of cutaneous hamartoma involving accessory eyelashes and an auricular lesion in a pediatric patient. Surgical excision, coupled with histopathological analysis, remains the cornerstone for accurate diagnosis and effective management. Awareness of such atypical presentations is essential for early intervention, ensuring favorable cosmetic and functional outcomes. Further studies are needed to explore the pathogenesis and optimal management strategies for cutaneous hamartomas
Awareness of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease among General Population in KSA: A Cross-Section Study
Get PDFObjective: This research aims to determine the Awareness of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease among the General Population in KSA.
Methods: This study will employ a cross-sectional design to assess the awareness of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) among the general population in Saudi Arabia. A structured questionnaire will gather data from a representative population sample.
Results: The study included 300 participants. The most frequent gender among them was female (n= 248, 82.6%) and male (n= 52, 17.3%). The most frequent age among study participants was 40 years and more (n= 114, 83%), followed by less than 25 years (n= 59, 19.6%), then 36-40 years (n=50, 16.6%), and 31-35 years (n=40, 16.6%), 25-30 years (n=37, 12.3%). The most frequent educational level among them was university (n=204, 68%), followed by high school (n=48, 16%), and then others (n=28, 9.3%), intermediate school (n=15, 5 The most frequent nationalities among study participants were Saudi (n=252, 84%) and non-Saudi (n=48, 16%). Participants were asked about the diseases of fatty liver. The most frequent inflammation (n=224, 74.7%), followed by swelling (n=43, 14.3%), then injury (n=33, 11%). The source of information about the most common non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was never heard about it (n=117, 33.5%), health professional (n=71, (20.3%), social media (n=59, 16.9%), friend/relative (n=58, 16.6%), a previous study (n= 31(8.8%), and others (n=13, 3.7%).
Conclusion: There are significant relationships between the awareness of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) among the general population and other variables, including age, gender, and educational level
Developing An Environmental Management Program Model In Rural Tourism Of Khorasan Razavi Province Based On Sustainable Development
Get PDFProviding a strategic planning and management framework and strategic recommendations can enable tourism destinations and communities, especially rural tourism, to introduce critical success factors and major environmental influencing forces in the tourism planning process in a coherent, coordinated, and balanced manner. Some countries and private sectors do not have sufficient experience in developing the rural tourism industry. Therefore, planning can provide the necessary solutions for their development. Appropriate strategic planning can meet the basic goals of sustainable rural development and contribute significantly to economic growth and improving the quality of life of residents of tourist areas, and ultimately achieving national development. In the present study, two categories of fundamental and applied research were conducted, which is applied in terms of research objective and descriptive and survey-type research in terms of data collection, which was considered logical. Two library and field methods were used to collect information. In addition, a sample was selected from tourism experts and experts and from the indigenous residents of the host community. A total of 59 villages were identified as having tourism capacity and potential in terms of cultural heritage, considering that the population of the villages under study is approximately 838,981 males and 843,424 females, totaling 1,682,405 people. A total of 384 people were selected as a sample using the Cochran formula, and considering this number, the sampling method used was a cluster. In this method, the study area (Khorasan Razavi Province) was divided into clusters of north, south, east, west, and center, and 2 areas were selected as samples from each cluster, and the research tool was randomly implemented in those locations. In the reliability of the questionnaire, the external model reliability test was used at the applied level with four indices: Cronbach's alpha, composite reliability or Delvin-Goldstein P, RHO_A reliability or Spearman's internal correlation, and shared reliability. The validity of the questionnaire content was confirmed by expert professors in this field. All proposed hypotheses were confirmed and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 19 software and the structural model method with PLS software, and finally, the strategic planning model for rural tourism management in Khorasan Razavi province based on sustainable development was developed
Dynamic Trust Modeling In Siov: A Hybrid Multilayer Framework Of Fuzzy Logic, Temporal Dynamics, And Shapley-Based Cooperative Game Theory Under Adversarial Conditions
Get PDFIn the complex and dynamic environment of the "Social Internet of Vehicles" (SIoV), recognized as a transformative advancement within the Internet of Things domain focusing on human-machine interactions, the concept of trust emerges as a multidimensional, context-dependent, and behaviorally sensitive variable. It plays a fundamental role in ensuring communication security, facilitating intelligent cooperation, and enhancing decision-making processes. This research presents the design and evaluation of a multilayer framework for modeling trust within the intricate and evolving ecosystem of the Social Internet of Vehicles (SIoV). The proposed framework integrates fuzzy logic, fuzzy temporal value analysis, and cooperative game theory to examine trust’s behavioral dimensions—honesty, sincerity, privacy, and connectivity—through dynamic temporal modeling and strategic analysis of agent interactions. Leveraging fuzzy approximate inference and simulation within the Veins platform, the model achieved trust estimation accuracy exceeding 89% and identified the IC strategy as the most stable behavioral pattern. Additionally, risk and utility analyses improved decision-making accuracy. Comparative assessments with baseline models demonstrated the proposed framework’s performance improvement of 5 to 11 percent. By offering a coherent and generalizable approach, this study significantly contributes to advancing intelligent social systems within the SIoV environment
Sociological Study Of Factors Affecting Academic Failure Among Students (Case Study: First-Level Secondary School Students In Khash City)
Get PDFOne of the major social issues is the academic failure of students at various educational levels—a phenomenon considered a serious barrier to achieving the high goals of education. The main aim of this study is to examine the social factors influencing academic failure among first-level secondary school students in Khash city. This research employs a survey methodology. The statistical population includes all first-level secondary school students (aged 12 to 14) in Khash city, Sistan and Baluchestan province, who either dropped out or repeated a grade during the 2022-2023 academic year, totaling 376 male and female students. A census sampling method was used, and data were collected via a questionnaire, which showed an overall Cronbach’s alpha of 0.78. The findings revealed that the variable “interaction style between parents and teachers” has a significant inverse effect with a beta coefficient of -0.194; the variable “parental separation and divorce” has a significant direct effect with a beta of 0.169; “students’ association with delinquent peers” has a significant direct effect with a beta of 0.618; “parents’ socio-economic status” has a significant inverse effect with a beta of -0.161; “lack of study skills and academic planning” has a significant inverse effect with a beta of -0.144; and “parental addiction” has a significant direct effect with a beta of 0.107 on academic failure among first-level secondary students in Khash city