Metallurgical and Materials Engineering (E-Journal)
Not a member yet
915 research outputs found
Sort by
Driver Drowsiness Detection Based On Convolutional Neural Network Architecture Optimization Using Genetic Algorithm
Get PDFDrowsy driving is a major factor in many road accidents, which makes it essential to have dependable real-time detection systems to help keep roads safer. Detection of driver drowsiness presents a novel approach using convolutional neural network (CNN) optimized by a genetic algorithm (GA). The facial features of drivers are examined for the system to classify whether the driver is "Alert" or "Drowsy," thereby issuing warnings to prevent fatigue-related incidents. The Genetic Algorithm optimizes a few critical CNN hyperparameters dynamically, such as the number of layers, filter sizes, and dropout rates. This evolutionary optimization enhances classification accuracy and decreases overfitting in the model, thereby producing a much stronger and more generalizable solution. The CNN model was trained on a set of labeled facial images and tested for performance on a separate set for validity and applicability under real-world conditions. The achieved high accuracy with the optimized system is 91.8% and a billion low inference time of 50 milliseconds per frame suitable for real-time deployment with vehicles. This way, the driver monitoring system opens avenues for efficient and high performance through a smart marriage of deep learning and evolutionary algorithms. The results strongly suggest that the proposed method could be a promising option for enhancing Advanced Driver-Assistance System (ADAS) and thus building safer driving environments
A Revolutionary Strategy To Address Fuzzy Mobility Dilemma By Measure Mean Ranking
Get PDFIn this article we concentrate in finding least mobility cost for commodities through a centralized network when supply and demand of nodes and capacity with cost of edges are made or noted as fuzzy numbers. We are solving the mobility dilemma using various classical ranking methods like Centroid Mean, PERT, Robust’s and our proposed new method Measure mean ranking method. Here we take all the observations of assignment problem with payoff matrix as a triangular fuzzy number. Finally, the proposed method optimal total minimum cost of the fuzzy mobility dilemma as compared to other the three different ranking techniques
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles Used Plant Extract
Get PDFNumerous potential applications in the biological and environmental fields are presented by the development of green nanoparticles. In particular, green synthesis aims to employ less toxic chemicals. For instance, using organic resources, such as plants, is usually permissible. Plants also contain lowering and capping agents. Here, we discuss the basics of green chemistry and look at new applications for plant-mediated synthesis-produced nanoparticles. Nanoparticles include platinum, palladium, copper, silver, gold, zinc oxide, and titanium dioxide
A Sustainable Shift: Replacing Conventional Aggregates WITH Mswi Bottom Ash IN Concrete
Get PDFThe construction industry faces immense pressure to reduce its environmental footprint, particularly regarding resource depletion and waste generation. Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) Bottom Ash (BA), a significant residue from waste-to-energy plants, presents a potential solution as a substitute for conventional natural aggregates (NA) in concrete. With increasing emphasis on sustainable construction materials, this study investigates the feasibility of using Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator (MSWI) bottom ash as a substitute for conventional coarse aggregates in concrete. The paper concludes that MSWI BA, when properly processed and incorporated, can contribute to sustainable concrete production, reducing reliance on virgin aggregates and diverting waste from landfills, aligning with circular economy principles. However, standardized regulations, robust quality control protocols, and further research into long-term durability and leaching under various conditions are crucial for wider adoption.. This research demonstrates that MSWI BA is a technically viable and environmentally beneficial alternative aggregate, paving the way for more sustainable concrete production and effective waste management strategies within a circular economy framework. This study checks MSWI bottom ash can safely and effectively replace sand or gravel in concrete. In this paper, how much replacement of natural coarse aggregate is done is also told with the result, and what benefit will be there to the environment. Also, how fine aggregate and coarse aggregate are replaced is explained
Integrating Sentinel-2 Data And CA–Markov For Spatial Simulation Of Urban Expansion And Environmental Change: A Case Study Of Sanandaj
Get PDFThis study investigates and forecasts land use and land cover (LULC) dynamics in Sanandaj, a medium-sized mountainous city in western Iran, over the period 2020–2040. Multi-temporal Sentinel-2A satellite imagery, combined with Cellular Automata (CA) and Markov chain models, was used within the TerrSet and ArcGIS environments to simulate spatiotemporal patterns of land transformation. LULC was classified into seven major categories using the Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC) algorithm. Model accuracy was evaluated using the Kappa coefficient and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Between 2020 and 2024, approximately 5,180 hectares of LULC change occurred. The most significant increases were observed in built-up areas (612 hectares, 11.8%) and barren lands (3,945 hectares, 76.2%), while dense vegetation (1,082 hectares, -20.9%) and water bodies (436 hectares, -8.4%) declined notably. The CA–Markov model projects that by 2040, an additional 3,960 hectares of land conversion will take place. Positive transitions are expected in built-up (14.2%) and barren (6.1%) categories, while negative changes are projected in vegetative covers and hydrological areas. The validation metrics yielded a Kappa coefficient of 0.61 and ROC AUC of 0.65, confirming moderate-to-good model reliability. These findings underscore the critical need for proactive land management and urban planning strategies to mitigate ecological degradation and ensure sustainable urban growth in semi-arid and mountainous contexts
Automatic quantitative analysis of microstructure of ductile cast iron using digital image processing
Get PDFDuctile cast iron is preferred as nodular iron or spheroidal graphite iron. Ductile cast iron contains graphite in form of discrete nodules and matrix of ferrite and perlite. In order to determine the mechanical properties, one needs to determine volume of phases in matrix and nodularity in the microstructure of metal sample. Manual methods available for this, are time consuming and accuracy depends on expertize. The paper proposes a novel method for automatic quantitative analysis of microstructure of Ferritic Pearlitic Ductile Iron which calculates volume of phases and nodularity of that sample. This gives results within a very short time (approximately 5 sec) with 98% accuracy for volume phases of matrices and 90% of accuracy for nodule detection and analysis which are in the range of standard specified for SG 500/7 and validated by metallurgist
Historical Perspectives And Parameter Of Maintenance Under Hindu Law In India
Get PDFThe concept of maintenance under Hindu law has evolved significantly from ancient times to the present, reflecting societal changes and legal reforms. Historically, the duty of maintenance was considered a personal obligation arising from familial relationships, with the Karta (head) of a Hindu joint family being responsible for providing for its members. This responsibility extended to wives, children, parents, and other dependents, ensuring their sustenance and well-being With the enactment of the Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act, 1956, the legal framework for maintenance was codified, outlining the rights of individuals to claim maintenance. The Act specifies that maintenance includes provision for food, clothing, shelter, education, and medical expenses. It also delineates the circumstances under which maintenance can be claimed, such as desertion, cruelty, or the husband's conversion to another religion. The amount of maintenance is determined by the court, considering factors like the claimant's status, needs, and the respondent's ability to pay
Robust Detection Of Deepfake Videos Using Deep Learning
Get PDFRecent improvements in computational capabilities have significantly propelled the development of deep learning models, making it easier than ever to create synthetic videos that closely resemble real human speech and facial expressions—widely referred to as deepfakes. These convincingly fabricated videos can be exploited for malicious purposes, including political manipulation, staged acts of terrorism, revenge-based pornography, and various forms of digital extortion. To address these threats, this work proposes a deep learning-based system capable of distinguishing real videos from AI-generated deepfakes. The proposed method leverages artificial intelligence to fight against AI-driven deception. Frame-level features are initially extracted from the input video and analyzed using a ResNeXt Convolutional Neural Network. These spatial features are then forwarded to a Recurrent Neural Network architecture powered by Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) units, which enables the detection of temporal distortions commonly found in manipulated videos. Although the model currently does not support the identification of specific deepfake subtypes such as reenactment or face replacement, it establishes a robust baseline for further innovation in automated deepfake detection
Bitopological Harmonious Labeling Of Some Acyclic Graphs By Using Python Program
Get PDFIn this paper, we define a new type of labeling called bitopological harmonious labeling in such a way that for a graph with vertices, bitopological harmonious labeling is an injective function , where X is any non – empty set such that and forms a topology on , that induces an injective function , defined for every such that forms a topology on where . A graph that admits bitopological harmonious labeling is called a bitopological harmonious graph. In this paper, we discuss bitopological harmonious labeling of some acyclic graphs and to generate these labels by using python program code
The Association Between Eating Disorders And Dental Caries: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis
Get PDFBackground: Dental and oral health problems are a possibility for patients with eating disorders (EDs). The relationship between EDs and dental outcomes is still not well-understood, and there are still conflicting findings. Our goal in this review is to identify the link between EDs and dental caries (DCs).
Methods: A systematic search was conducted through PubMed, Web of science (ISI), Scopus, and Embase up to August 20, 2024. The meta-analysis included any observational studies that evaluated any associations between EDs with DC using decayed missing filled teeth (DMFT) index and other tooth decay measures. Meta-analysis was performed to estimate pooled effect size for the risk of DC.
Results: The meta-analysis included eight studies that involved 844 participants after assessing eligibility. EDs increased the risk of DMFT index (DCs) in comparison with people with without EDs (0.27; 95% CI: 0.04-0.51). Although the relationship was not significant, the plaque index and dental problems were greater in individuals with EDs than in healthy individuals (P>0.05).
Conclusions: DCs are more common among patients with EDs, which should be taken into account during patient evaluations and in the clinical and therapeutic decision-making processes by dentists and psychiatrists. The underlying causes of dental problems in patients are addressed by this approach, which facilitates early detection