Metallurgical and Materials Engineering (E-Journal)
Not a member yet
915 research outputs found
Sort by
Prioritization Of Critical Process Parameters In Wire Electrical Discharge Machining Using Analytic Hierarchy Process: A Comprehensive Analysis
Get PDFWire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) is a non-conventional machining process widely employed in aerospace, medical, and automotive industries for cutting electrically conductive materials with intricate geometries. The process performance is governed by multiple interdependent parameters, making optimization a complex challenge. This study employs the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) a structured Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) technique to systematically rank critical WEDM parameters based on their influence on surface roughness (Ra), material removal rate (MRR), and dimensional accuracy. Five key parameters i.e Pulse-on Time (TON), Pulse-off Time (TOFF), Wire Feed Rate (WF), Peak Current (IP), and Sensitivity (SEN) were evaluated using pairwise comparisons and eigenvalue-based weighting. Results indicate that Peak Current (IP, 37.4%) and Pulse-on Time (TON, 26.2%) exert dominant influence on process performance, collectively contributing 63.6% of the total influence. The findings align with experimental studies across diverse materials and machining contexts, validating AHP as an effective tool for WEDM optimization. The study provides a structured decision-making framework for industries to prioritize parameter adjustments, thereby reducing trial-and-error approaches and improving machining efficiency and quality outcomes
Highly Efficient Tio2 / Raw Algerian Diatomite And Modified By Phosphoric Acid For Degradation Of Evans Blue Dye And Metronidazole Drug Based On A Solvothermal Process
Get PDFThis study focuses on the synthesis of a ternary material via a solvothermal process, followed by a calcination route. Spherical TiO2 nanoparticles were immobilized on raw Algerian diatomite, purified with phosphoric acid. The prepared composites were calcined at 300 °C for 2 hours and then were characterized using various techniques. The results revealed that TiO2/diatomite hybrid catalysis exhibited superior distribution over the support surface. Calcined TiO2 raw diatomite (CTRD) and calcined TiO2 phosphoric diatomite (CTPD), the morphology showed a layer of TiO2 anatase deposited on the CTRD surface. The calculated particle sizes of three materials were in the range of 66-80 nm. The photocatalytic degradation of CTPD enhanced degradation of Metronidazole (MTZ) to 99.30% and resulted in 96.25% of Evans Blue dye (EB) degradation. The three composite significantly increased the photocatalytic activity of TiO2, with diatomite effectively hindering the growth of TiO2 grains on its surface
Grain Quality Analysis Using CNN And Iot Based Strategic Safeguarding
Get PDFMore than half of the global population consumes rice daily, making it a staple that fulfills over 21% of the world’s caloric needs—more than any other food. The demand for rice is highest when its quality is optimal. Traditionally, the type and quality of rice are assessed visually by human inspectors. However, this method is labor-intensive, time-consuming, relies on human expertise, and is subject to inconsistencies due to the inspector’s physical condition.
To overcome these limitations, this work proposes an automated system that leverages digital image processing techniques for the identification and classification of rice grains. Image processing offers a non-contact, efficient, and reliable alternative by capturing images of the grains for analysis. Using MATLAB, the system preprocesses the images, segments the rice grains, and extracts relevant features. The endpoints of each grain are identified to calculate their length and breadth, which are key parameters in determining grain quality.
Additionally, the rice grains are stored in containers equipped with DHT sensors that continuously monitor and record temperature and moisture levels to ensure proper preservation conditions
Empowering Retail Oss/Bss Platforms With Agentic Ai And Scalable Data Engineering
Get PDFComplexity is on the rise; therefore, automating as much as possible deterministic tasks is paramount to reduce error, workloads and burnout. Many tech companies built cloud services that cater ML ops and agents. However, the symmetry argument applies to data and analogously for enslaved data, the long tail from observability and decision making should be handled independently and differently than the data to one’s advantage. Nevertheless, teach them to make decisions in a sound manner but never trust them to do so unaided. This vision is interesting to discuss, but how to achieve it at scale on all surfaces from a nebula of differently parametric seascapes? The solution lies in the embrace of the periphery. Real and rich for the most part, its populous aftermaths chipped away at by semiotic disambiguation techniques, co-universe construction, and the synergy of crontabs, data lakes, MLops and cloud services shape the inner veil. Underpinned by these constructions and ever approximated service competence, the gap is closed by announcing the availability of first class service descriptor layers and entry-points for rich insights and explorative analyses. Technically, and from a methodological standpoint, how to implement agentic or soft AI systems to improve OSS and consumable data? This loft ambition will show the plight and urgency of unshackling untapped data and how to achieve it.
Agent-based soft AI systems forge an entirely new class of system, enabling open, smart, agentic and defensible general purpose tools for thought and automation. Consumed enrichments, e.g. focused on making observables actionable, informed and optimal decisions, on engaging with data and OSS in novel micro, meso and macro ways. OSS covered in the canvas of consumable data, e.g. analytics, observability and AI/ML ops. Forward looking development principles and a design agenda to construct instance AIs. The grand challenge of and their method to exponentially scale up data analytic, OSS engendering, decision-making, and proactive pattern discovering activity using soft AI agent rendering in 4D. Techniques to build such beacons a community of co-creators and discourse from large language models with first principles cognitive architectures appended. It is part of a grand exploration on how to enable any system to extend their capabilities through soft AI. Moreover, here is the humane environment, enabling everyone to achieve their unique goals using large self supervised AI models. This is valuable; however, it excludes data and isn’t scalable
Tracing The Pathways And Health Risks Of Microplastics In The Food Chain
Get PDFMicroplastics-plastic particles smaller than 5 millimeters have become ubiquitous contaminants across both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Growing research indicates that these particles are entering the human food chain through multiple routes, including seafood, bottled water, table salt, and even fruits and vegetables. This review examines the primary sources, exposure pathways, and potential health risks associated with microplastics in food. We explore their bioaccumulation potential, toxicological effects, and the emerging epidemiological evidence linking microplastic exposure to endocrine disruption, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The paper concludes by offering recommendations for policy development, public education, and future research priorities
Flexural Performance Evaluation Of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Bars (GFRP) In Doubly Reinforced Beams: An Experimental Approach
Get PDFusing the primary goal of evaluating their efficacy as a sustainable substitute for conventional steel reinforcement, this experimental study investigates the flexural performance of double-reinforced concrete beams strengthened using Glass Fibre fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars. Recent years have seen a significant increase in interest in the use of GFRP bars in concrete buildings due to their inherent benefits, which include increased durability, reduced material weight, and corrosion resistance. Five examples were manufactured for this investigation; two included only GFRP bars, two included hybrid bars, and one had only steel bar beams for comparison. The beams are full-scale, with dimensions of 152 and 230 mm in cross-section and 3000 mm in length. With a factored load of 2.5 kips/ft, the beam specimens were constructed as standard doubly reinforced beam designs, with 5#4 bars in tension and 2#4 bars in compression. T-Rod International produced the GFRP bars utilized in this investigation. To assess their flexural behavior, including load-deflection response, cracking patterns, and ultimate load capacity, beam specimens were put through three-point bending tests. The efficiency of GFRP bars in doubly reinforced beams in comparison to traditional steel reinforcement is assessed through the analysis of experimental data. Deflection, ultimate strength, and failure mechanisms are the main provisions being examined. GFRP bars exhibit brittle behavior and a 54% greater tensile strength than steel bars. Steel-reinforced beams have a 30% greater ultimate load capacity than pure GFRP-reinforced beams, whereas hybrid GFRP-reinforced beams have an 18% lower ultimate load capacity. In GFRP and hybrid samples, the maximum mid-span deflection caused by the ultimate load is significantly greater than in steel samples
Investigation Of Chemical Residues In Cardinal And Merlot Grape Cultivars
Get PDFThis research was conducted to investigate the pesticide residue concentrations from grape consumption in Azerbaijan. A total of samples of grapes, variety Cardinal and Merlot were collected from the Ganja region in 2022. The pesticide residues were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. Qualitative determination of pesticides was performed by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry LC-MS/MS 8045. A total of 3 different pesticide residues were found and 2 residues exceeded MRLs. The most frequently detected pesticide residues were metalaxyl, acetamiprid and dimetomorph
The Role of Inflammatory Markers in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Get PDFBackground: Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a growing concern in chronic liver disorders, with a global prevalence of 32.4%. It is associated with metabolic dysfunctions, including insulin resistance, and may progress to severe liver complications, such as cirrhosis and liver cancer. Identifying reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis and monitoring of NAFLD is critical for effective management. Inflammatory markers like the Systemic Inflammation Index (SII) and the Systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI) have emerged as potential biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring the progression of various diseases, including NAFLD. However, their role in NAFLD remains underexplored.
Methods: This cohort study analyzed data from 868 adult patients diagnosed or suspected of having NAFLD, .Inflammatory markers (SII and SIRI) were calculated from complete blood counts (CBC), and liver function was assessed through standard tests and imaging. The relationship between these inflammatory markers and NAFLD prevalence and severity was evaluated using correlation analysis, comparative tests, logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.
Results: Higher SII and SIRI values were significantly associated with an increased risk of NAFLD. The odds ratio for NAFLD prevalence was highest in the top quartile of the SII (OR = 3.45, 95% CI: 2.18–5.48, p < 0.001) and SIRI (OR = 3.13, 95% CI: 1.99–4.92, p < 0.001) indices, after adjusting for confounders like age, sex, comorbidities, and lifestyle factors. ROC curve analysis showed that both SII and SIRI had good diagnostic accuracy for predicting NAFLD.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates that both SII and SIRI are significantly associated with NAFLD prevalence and severity. These inflammatory markers may serve as useful tools for early diagnosis and monitoring of NAFLD. Incorporating these indices into routine clinical assessments could improve patient outcomes by facilitating early intervention and better management of NAFLD and related metabolic disorders. Further prospective studies with larger, more diverse populations are needed to confirm these findings
Analysis of the Relationship Between Vitamin D Levels and Dental Caries
Get PDFBackground: Vitamin D is essential for calcium regulation and bone health, with growing evidence of its role in dental health, including the prevention of dental caries. Dental caries, a widespread condition, disproportionately affects populations with low socioeconomic status (SES) and poor nutritional habits. This study investigates the association between vitamin D levels and the prevalence of dental caries, emphasizing its implications for public health.
Methods: This study was conducted using data from 12,000 participants . Serum 25(OH)D levels were categorized into sufficiency, insufficiency, moderate deficiency, and severe deficiency. Dental health was assessed using the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index and untreated caries prevalence. Covariates such as SES, dietary sugar intake, and BMI were included. Statistical analyses involved logistic and Poisson regression models, adjusting for demographic and behavioral factors.
Results: Severe vitamin D deficiency (<25 nmol/L) significantly increased the odds of untreated caries (adjusted OR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.64–2.33) compared to vitamin D sufficiency (>75 nmol/L). Higher DMFT scores and untreated caries prevalence were observed in populations with lower SES, high BMI, and low parental education. The prevalence of vitamin D sufficiency was highest among individuals with higher education and income levels, highlighting disparities in nutritional and dental health.
Conclusion: This study underscores the significant association between vitamin D deficiency and dental caries, emphasizing the need for targeted public health interventions to address nutritional and socioeconomic disparities. Promoting adequate vitamin D levels through dietary interventions and education could reduce caries prevalence and improve overall oral health outcomes. Future research should explore causal relationships and evaluate the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in diverse populations
The Analysis of the Residual Amount of Pesticides in Grapes and their Biochemical Indicators
Get PDFThe article examines the three grape varieties –Tabrizi, Cardinal and Italian Muscat from the grape sites of the Ganja-Gazakh region of Azerbaijan. The analyses of pesticides in these varieties carried out in the laboratory of the Chemistry department, of Azerbaijan State Agricultural University and Azerbaijan Institute of Food Safety. The qualitative determination of organic pesticides containing a phenyl and pyrimidine ring was performed on the GC-MS QP 2020 analyzer