Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha: Open Journal Systems
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    1831 research outputs found

    Panorámica internacional de la regulación de la Inteligencia Artificial: Reglamento Europeo de Inteligencia Artificial (AI ACT)

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    In the year 2023, the main countries that lead technological development have carried out important regulatory activity in the field of Artificial Intelligence, accentuating the desire of States to reach agreements that delimit the risk of these systems. The EU proposals, specifically the Artificial Intelligence Regulation, and the G-7, known as the Hiroshima Process, will be analyzed, in addition to the holding of the first AI Security Summit, in United Kingdom.Durante el año 2023, los países con mayor desarrollo tecnológico han realizado una importante actividad regulatoria en materia de Inteligencia Artificial, acentuándose la voluntad de los Estados para alcanzar acuerdos que delimiten el riesgo de estos sistemas. Se analizarán las propuestas de la UE, en concreto el Reglamento de Inteligencia Artificial, y del G-7, conocido como Proceso de Hiroshima, así como la celebración de la primera Cumbre de Seguridad de la IA, en Reino Unido

    Composición musical e interioridad del recurso instrumental

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    The progressive distancing of music and art from certain reference frameworks since the late 19th century led to their gradual turning towards its own resources for artistic production, towards a kind of interiority. In music, certain contradictions arise when, in attention to sound, the operation involves an approach to acoustics, electronics, and computing, that is, a deconfinement of the limits of the musical field itself. Through a look at the work In Basso, the following text presents an approach to musical composition based on attention to instrumental resources and their acoustic characteristics, exploring practical possibilities to generate a relationship between resource and musical discourse. The contradictions and aesthetic consequences of an artistic act that seems to distance itself from creative subjectivity are also evaluated.El progresivo alejamiento de la música y del arte de ciertos marcos referenciales ya desde fines del siglo XIX comportó su gradual volcamiento hacia los propios recursos para la producción artística, a una suerte de interioridad. En música, ciertas contradicciones surgen cuando, en atención al sonido, la operación implica una aproximación a la acústica, la electrónica y la informática, esto es, un desconfinamiento de los límites del propio campo. A través de una mirada a la obra In Basso, en el siguiente texto se expone una aproximación a la composición musical a partir de la observación de los recursos instrumentales y sus características, explorando las posibilidades prácticas para generar una relación entre recurso y discurso musical. Se evalúan igualmente las contradicciones y consecuencias estéticas de un hacer artístico que pareciera alejar de sí a la subjetividad creadora, al sujeto

    Échale betún a la bota. Cultura y tradiciones en las tonadas campesinas recopiladas por Emilia Prieto

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    The rural tunes collected in the Central Valley of Costa Rica, by the Costa Rican Emilia Prieto (1902-1986), constitute a manifestation of the rural musical expression of that country. In this context, a unique use of language is evident, in which words are used that at first might seem erroneous or not found registered in Spanish language dictionaries. However, these words are an inherent part of the daily lives of a large part of the residents of the Central Valley and are called “costarriqueñismos”. The purpose of this study is to carry out a critical analysis of the discourse expressed in the tunes that include these types of words, as well as to make known the diversity of Spanish in the country, which is deeply rooted in the daily lives of numerous people. families and represents a valuable exponent of the intangible cultural and musical heritage of the Costa Rican people.Las tonadas campesinas recopiladas en el Valle Central de Costa Rica, por la costarricense Emilia Prieto (1902-1986), constituyen una manifestación de la expresión rural musical de ese país. En dicho contexto, se manifiesta un empleo singular del lenguaje, en el que se utilizan vocablos que en principio pudieran parecer erróneos o no hallarse registrados en los diccionarios del idioma español. No obstante, estos vocablos son una parte inherente de la cotidianidad de gran parte de los pobladores del Valle Central, y son denominados costarriqueñismos. El propósito de este estudio consiste en efectuar un análisis crítico del discurso manifestado en las tonadas que incluyen ese tipo de vocablos, así como, dar a conocer la diversidad del español en el país, el cual se encuentra arraigado profundamente en la vida cotidiana de numerosas familias y representa un valioso exponente del patrimonio cultural intangible y musical del pueblo costarricense

    A técnica e as finanças: o crescimento da economia monetária digital

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    Over the last twenty years, technological innovations linked to information and financial activities are transforming objects in our society. Those objects are changing the ways in which people carry out their daily activities, such as consuming products and paying for basic services like energy, water, tickets, gas, etc. In that sense, the distribution of work needs a new structural social financial actor, responsible for maintaining systems of objects that will support this new role and territorial division of financial work. In this context, we are facing a profound change in the technical nature of money, building a phenomenon that we propose to call the digital monetary economy. That phenomenon expands the power and participation of the upper circuit of the economy, adding greater distance between social actors in the circuits of the urban economy.En los últimos veinte años, las innovaciones tecnológicas vinculadas a la información y las finanzas están transformando las sociedades, cambiando las formas con las cuales las personas ejercen sus actividades cotidianas. En ese sentido, la repartición del trabajo en las ciudades involucra a los nuevos actores sociales financieros, es decir, comercios bancarios y adquirientes, responsables por la manutención del sistema de objetos que sostiene la nueva división social y territorial del trabajo financiero. En ese contexto, la naturaleza técnica del dinero se transforma, creando un nuevo fenómeno que llamamos de economía monetaria digital. Dicho fenómeno amplia el poder y la participación del circuito superior de la economía, aumentando la distancia entre los actores sociales en los dos circuitos de la economía urbana.As inovações tecnológicas vinculadas à informação e as finanças nos últimos vinte anos estão transformando os objetos na nossa sociedade, modificando as ações e as formas com as quais as pessoas realizam suas atividades cotidianas, como consumir produtos corriqueiros e pagar pelos serviços básicos – energia, água, boletos, entre outros. Nesse sentido, a repartição do trabalho nas cidades reconhece a existência de novos atores sociais financeiros, responsáveis pela manutenção de sistemas de objetos que sustentam essa nova divisão social e territorial do trabalho financeiro. Nesse contexto, estamos diante de uma profunda mudança na natureza técnica do dinheiro, edificando um fenômeno que propomos chamar de economia monetária digital. Tal fenômeno amplia o poder e a participação do circuito superior da economia, acrescendo maior distância entre os atores sociais nos circuitos da economia urbana

    Aplicaciones y retos de la IA generativa en la universidad

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    This article explores the impact of generative artificial intelligence in the university setting. It analyses its applications in three key areas: teaching, research, and administrative management. Through examples and use cases, this article provides a view of how generative AI is impacting university education, offering insights for educators, researchers, and administrators on adopting and integrating these technologies. The article addresses the ethical and technological challenges associated with implementing these technologies, including issues of privacy, algorithmic bias, and copyright. It discusses the future opportunities that generative AI offers for creating more immersive and interactive educational experiences, as well as improving accessibility and personalization of learning in higher education.Este artículo explora el impacto de la inteligencia artificial generativa en el ámbito universitario. Se analizan sus aplicaciones en tres áreas clave: la docencia, la investigación y la gestión administrativa. A través de ejemplos y casos de uso, este artículo proporciona una visión del impacto de la IA generativa en la educación universitaria, ofreciendo información para educadores, investigadores y administradores en la adopción e integración de estas tecnologías. El artículo aborda los retos éticos y tecnológicos asociados con la implementación de estas tecnologías, incluyendo cuestiones de privacidad, sesgos algorítmicos y derechos de autor. Se discuten las oportunidades futuras que la IA generativa ofrece para crear experiencias educativas más inmersivas e interactivas, así como para mejorar la accesibilidad y personalización del aprendizaje en la educación superior

    La Geo Inteligencia Artificial (GeoAI) como una herramienta de participación e innovación en el aula: el Alcázar Real, un estudio de caso en el espacio urbano de Ciudad Real [Geo Artificial Intelligence (GeoAI) as a tool for participation and innovation in the classroom: the Royal Alcazar, a case study in the urban space of Ciudad Real]

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    Geo Artificial Intelligence, hereinafter GeoAI, has experienced a remarkable development in education and in access to knowledge and information which, on certain occasions, has widened the digital divide between nations. For this reason, UNESCO promotes a comprehensive and sustainable approach to GeoAI, as an effective tool at the service of the education system that requires decision-making between Government and Society. After these considerations, we will focus our study proposal on the Royal Alcázar, an eco-patrimonial asset located in the urban space of Ciudad Real (Castilla-La Mancha). Aiming at the applied analysis of the GeoAI that allows the revaluation of certain elements to their new didactic and cultural functionality, including with functional diversity students. The methodology is based on an inventory of volcanic and heritage resources through the creation of an educational itinerary. To do this, we will use the "machine learning" method, where data collection will be carried out by combining traditional techniques that are typical of geographic science with GIT. The preliminary results define an ontology adapted to the typology of the building or monument to be represented, being a segmented model rich in classes and properties for the description of 3D models. All this leads to the initiative of proposals that promote participation and educational innovation in the classroom.La Geo Inteligencia Artificial (GeoIA) avanza en la educación y en acceso al conocimiento, aunque a veces ha exacerbado la brecha digital entre las naciones. La UNESCO aborda esta temática con un enfoque integral y sostenible de la GeoIA como herramienta educativa, facilitando la toma de decisiones entre administración y sociedad, y fomentando la colaboración entre los actores educativos. Nuestra propuesta de estudio se centra en el Alcázar Real, activo eco-patrimonial en Ciudad Real (Castilla-La Mancha). El objetivo es aplicar la GeoIA para revalorizar elementos del patrimonio, dándoles una nueva funcionalidad didáctica y cultural, e incluyendo a estudiantes con diversidad funcional. La metodología incluye un inventario de recursos volcánicos y patrimoniales, utilizando técnicas de “machine learning” y combinando métodos tradicionales de la ciencia geográfica con TIG. Los resultados preliminares sugieren una ontología adaptada para la describir modelos 3D, promoviendo la participación e innovación educativa. Palabras clave: diversidad; estudiantes; Geo Inteligencia Artificial; Castilla-La Mancha; Ciudad Real.   Abstract: Geo Artificial Intelligence (GeoAI) advances education and access to knowledge, although it has sometimes exacerbated the digital divide between nations. UNESCO addresses this issue by promoting a comprehensive and sustainable approach to GeoAI as an educational tool, facilitating decision-making between administration and society, and promoting collaboration between educational actors. Our study proposal focuses on the Alcázar Real, an eco-heritage asset in Ciudad Real (Castilla-La Mancha). The objective is to apply GeoAI to revalue heritage elements, giving them a new didactic and cultural functionality, and including students with functional diversity. The methodology includes an inventory of volcanic and heritage resources, using machine learning techniques and combining traditional methods of geographical science with TIG. Preliminary results suggest an ontology adapted to describe 3D models, promoting participation and educational innovation. Key words: diversity; students; Geo Artificial Intelligence; Castilla-La Mancha; Ciudad Real

    Mossoró/RN nos trilhos: a ferrovia e a expansão urbana de uma cidade média brasileira (1870-1970)

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    Linked to the advent of modernity, railways are technological devices that spread around the world between the 19th century and the early 20th century, thus shaping the history, dynamics, and morphology of the cities where they were established. This article aims to discuss the implementation of the railway technical apparatus in the medium-sized city of Mossoró/RN/Brazil and its socio-spatial repercussions up to the 1970s, particularly focusing on urban expansion following the installation of industries and workers\u27 housing. For this purpose, the methodological procedures include bibliographic research, documentary research, and the production of maps. The implementation of the railway, and consequently the industries, along with the workers\u27 housing in their various social clusters, reveals the socio-spatial segregation process that the city of Mossoró has experienced since the early 20th century.Vinculadas a la llegada de la modernidad, las vías férreas son dispositivos tecnológicos que se expandieron por el mundo entre el siglo XIX y principios del XX y marcaron, con ello, la historia, la dinámica y la morfología de las ciudades donde se instalaron. Este artículo tiene como objetivo discutir la implantación del aparato técnico ferroviario en la ciudad media de Mossoró/RN/Brasil y sus repercusiones socioespaciales hasta la década de 1970, especialmente enfocadas en la expansión urbana a partir de la instalación de industrias y viviendas para la clase trabajadora. Para ello, se utilizan como procedimientos metodológicos la investigación bibliográfica, la investigación documental, además de la producción de mapas. La implantación del ferrocarril, y en consecuencia de las industrias, y en paralelo, las viviendas para la clase trabajadora en sus diferentes agrupamientos sociales, revelan el proceso de segregación socioespacial que la ciudad de Mossoró experimenta desde principios del siglo XX.Interligadas à chegada da modernidade, as ferrovias são aparatos tecnológicos que se expandiram pelo mundo entre o século XIX e início do XX e marcaram, com isso, a história, a dinâmica e a morfologia das cidades onde foram instaladas. Este artigo objetiva discutir sobre a implantação do aparato técnico ferroviário na cidade média de Mossoró/RN/Brasil e suas repercussões socioespaciais até a década de 1970, sobretudo voltadas para a expansão urbana a partir da instalação das indústrias e das moradias da classe trabalhadora. Para tanto, utiliza-se como procedimentos metodológicos pesquisa bibliográfica, pesquisa documental, além da produção de mapas. A implantação da ferrovia, por conseguinte das indústrias, e, em paralelo, das moradias da classe trabalhadora em seus diferentes agrupamentos sociais, revelam o processo de segregação socioespacial que a cidade de Mossoró vivencia desde início do século XX

    Divulgando el conocimiento y la concienciación del braille: un enfoque metodológico comparativo [Fostering Braille knowledge and awareness: a comparative methodological approach]

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    Spanish society remains unaware of the braille system and its implications, highlighting the need to promote its inclusion in education to improve communication with visually impaired individuals. This research evaluated the effectiveness of two pedagogical methodologies for teaching braille: game-based learning and repetition-based learning. A total of 89 primary school students from Toledo was involved, divided into an experimental group (game-based approach) and a control group (repetition-based approach). Data collection was gathered using a pretest-posttest design with an expert-validated and pilot-tested ad hoc questionnaire, the Braille-BNR questionnaire, to measure basic knowledge of braille and its alphabetical representation. Findings indicated that while both groups exhibited improved braille comprehension, the experimental group demonstrated markedly significant gains in braille alphabetical representation. This research advocates for an informed, understanding, and inclusive society, emphasizing the importance of braille literacy.La enseñanza del braille es crucial para una sociedad inclusiva, pero su desconocimiento sigue siendo generalizado. Así, este estudio evaluó dos metodologías, el aprendizaje basado en el juego y en la repetición, a través de talleres divulgativos mediante un diseño pretest-postest a 89 estudiantes divididos en grupos experimental y de control, respectivamente, en los tres ciclos de Educación Primaria. El Cuestionario NBR-Braille diseñado fue utilizado para medir el conocimiento básico (variable 1) y la representación alfabética del braille (variable 2). A través de un diseño cuasiexperimental, se observó que ambas metodologías mejoraron el conocimiento básico del braille, pero el enfoque lúdico mostró una ventaja significativa en la representación alfabética del braille, particularmente en el tercer ciclo. Estos hallazgos subrayan la importancia de implementar metodologías educativas que no solo enseñen, sino que también motiven y sensibilicen a los estudiantes, promoviendo una mayor conciencia social sobre la importancia y conocimiento del braille. Palabras clave: braille; aprendizaje basado en el juego; aprendizaje basado en la repetición; inclusión; concienciación; Educación Primaria. Abstract: Teaching Braille is crucial for fostering an inclusive society, yet it remains largely unknown to many. Thus, this study assessed two educational methodologies, game-based learning and repetition-based learning, through informative workshops. Using a pretest-posttest design, 89 students were divided into experimental and control groups, respectively, in the three cycles of Primary Education. The NBR-Braille Questionnaire was designed and employed to measure basic Braille knowledge (variable 1) and the alphabetic representation of Braille (variable 2). The quasi-experimental design used revealed that while both methodologies enhanced basic Braille knowledge, the game-based learning approach showed a significant advantage in improving alphabetic Braille representation, particularly in the third cycle. These findings highlight the importance of implementing educational methodologies that not only impart knowledge, but also motivate and sensitise students, thereby promoting greater social awareness of Braille and its significance. Key words: braille; game-based learning; repetition-based learning; inclusion; awareness; primary school

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