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Women’s Road to Imprisonment: Reflections on Dehumanization
Get PDFWomen in prisons represent a unique and complex population throughout the world. The authors have provided psychiatric consultation, diagnoses and treatment for hundreds of these women over the past three decades in the United States. We have identified five factors that can precipitate a cascade of consequences that result in women coming to prison. Sometimes it is a one-time experience; other times, women repeat offenses, ending up in prisons for longer periods. These factors include 1) being sexually abused and/or prostituted as a child, 2) alcohol abuse, 3) legal and illegal psychoactive substances use and abuse, 4) conspiracy with an intimate partner, and 5) mental disorders. We provide quotes from some of the many women interviewed in prison who have experienced at least one of these precipitant factors. We hope that our reflections offer insights into the complexity of incarceration and the pressing need to address the mental health concerns of these disenfranchised and vulnerable women in our prison systems.Las mujeres en las cárceles representan una población única y compleja en todo el mundo. Los autores han llevado a cabo consultas psiquiátricas, diagnósticos y tratamiento para cientos de estas mujeres en las últimas tres décadas en los Estados Unidos. Hemos identificado cinco factores que pueden precipitar una cascada de causas que llevan a que las mujeres lleguen a prisión. A veces es una experiencia única; otras veces, las mujeres repiten los delitos y terminan en las cárceles por más tiempo. Estos factores incluyen 1) ser abusado sexualmente y/o prostituido de niño, 2) abuso de alcohol, 3) uso y abuso de sustancias psicoactivas legales e ilegales, 4) conspiración con una pareja íntima y 5) trastornos mentales. Proporcionamos citas de algunas de las muchas mujeres en prisión que han experimentado al menos uno de estos factores precipitantes. Esperamos que nuestras reflexiones ofrezcan información sobre la complejidad del encarcelamiento y la necesidad apremiante de abordar preocupaciones de salud mental de estas mujeres privadas de derechos y vulnerables en nuestros sistemas penitenciarios
De las aulas de El Bosque al libro y al Youtube
Get PDFProfessor Mabel López recently published the book Morir de amor. Violencia conyugal en la Nueva Granada, siglos XVI a XIX, by Ariel, Planeta, product of her doctoral thesis in History. His research was put to the test in the classrooms of Universidad El Bosque for three years and, after that experiment, it has crossed the borders of the traditional publishing field to open a field in the social networks world as a means of academic dissemination. Today she tells us the anecdote behind this pedagogical and research process.La profesora Mabel López publicó recientemente el libro Morir de amor. Violencia conyugal en la Nueva Granada, siglos XVI a XIX, de Ariel, Planeta, producto de su tesis doctoral en Historia. Su investigación fue puesta a prueba en las aulas de la Universidad El Bosque durante tres años y, luego de ese experimento, ha traspasado las fronteras del ámbito tradicional editorial para abrirse campo en el mundo de las redes sociales como medio de difusión académica. Hoy nos cuenta la anécdota detrás de este proceso pedagógico y de investigación
Formas para imaginar el horror y la desaparición en la escritura de Nona Fernández
Get PDFIn this article, I explore how the novels Fuenzalida (2012) and La dimensión desconocida (2016), by Chilean writer Nona Fernández, come to the archive to interrogate and dynamize it through novel fiction in an attitude that unravels the traces of a traumatic and current past from which one cannot escape unharmed. Thus, I find in the emergence of these novels, which, although they are indebted to historical supports, an amplification of literary work in an approach to documentary material from the power of political imagination.En el presente artículo exploro cómo las novelas Fuenzalida (2012) y La dimensión desconocida (2016), de la escritora chilena Nona Fernández, acuden al archivo para interrogarlo y dinamizarlo a través de la ficción novelesca en una actitud que desentraña las huellas de un pasado traumático y vigente del que no se puede salir ileso. Así, encuentro en la emergencia de estos textos novelescos, que, si bien son deudores de soportes históricos, una amplificación del trabajo literario en un acercamiento al material documental desde la potencia de la imaginación política
Análisis del capital natural del Páramo de Chontales (Sotaquirá) a partir de los Servicios Ecosistémicos y Servicios Ambientales: Una aproximación a la planificación ambiental del territorio
Get PDFa planificación y ordenamiento del territorio debe estar enmarcada en lograr la sostenibilidad ambiental, en donde además de garantizar la prestación de Servicios Ecosistémicos (SE), se consideren los valores de la biodiversidad como factores esenciales para hacer frente a los desafíos globales como el cambio climático y el agotamiento de los recursos naturales. Este artículo propone una diferenciación entre los Servicios Ecosistémicos (SE) y los Servicios Ambientales (SA), teniendo en cuenta que los primeros corresponden a las funciones biológicas, físicas y químicas dentro de los ecosistemas que sostienen la vida y el bienestar del ser humano [10];y los segundos, se refieren a un bien o servicio ecosistémico que primero debe pasar por algún proceso que requiere capital humano para su generación y disponibilidad para el ser humano [4]. La investigación tuvo como objetivo elaborar una propuesta de planificación ambiental para el Páramo de Chontales, a partir del análisis de los servicios ecosistémicos y ambientales que presta este ecosistema. El estudio buscó identificar el estado de salud de su Estructura Ecológica Principal (EEP); las presiones que se ejercen sobre sus componentes; las formas de apropiación cultural del territorio y los Servicios Ambientales y Ecosistémicos que presta el Páramo de Chontales. Para lograr lo anterior, se realizó una visita de campo y se aplicaron diferentes metodologías, tales como: análisis de funciones y servicios ecosistémicos propuesto por Groot 2006; evaluación de fuerzas motrices a partir del método DPIRS -Fuerzas Motrices (D), Presiones (P), Impacto (I), Respuesta (R)--; análisis de sensibilidad, que relaciona información de los elementos del ecosistema con sus funciones, capacidad de resiliencia y conectividad y un análisis de actores, a partir de matrices de relación basadas en la ruta metodológica para el tratamiento de conflictos ambientales propuesta por el Ministerio de Ambiente, y Desarrollo Sostenible (2002). Los resultados muestran que este ecosistema cuenta con un alto capital natural que puede ser analizado desde el punto de vista de pago por servicios Ecosistémicos como una alternativa de planificación sostenible del territorio, que involucre: una gestión ambiental, en donde se respeten las territorialidades que en él se presentan, se garantice que la demanda ambiental se mantenga; que las actividades desarrolladas por los actores sociales giren en torno a la conservación del territorio y que se estructuren lineamientos que controlen las presiones que se ejercen sobre el medio natural, a partir del involucramiento de la comunidad en el proceso de toma de decisiones
Calculo de los límites de cambio aceptable (lac) en el casco urbano del municipio de puerto nariño - amazonas, Colombia
Get PDFEl municipio de Puerto Nariño, es un destino donde la presencia de turistas va en aumento y con ello los impactos asociados a esta actividad, por lo que la presente investigación busca a través de la metodología de Limites de Cambio Aceptable (LAC), proporcionar información para poder realizar una planificación y ordenamiento del turismo. Se fijaron 6 indicadores distribuidos en las 3 dimensiones de la sostenibilidad (Ambiental, social y económica), y con los resultados de su monitoreo, se establecieron las medidas de manejo que se consideraron pertinentes para mejorar la actividad turística
Developments and Challenges in Advanced Practice Nursing
Get PDFAdvanced Practice Nursing (APN) emerged as a response to the need for professionals capable of giving care to patients, thereby improving the quality of healthcare; the results obtained by implementing APNs in healthcare teams confirm that APNs can be implemented in the healthcare of patients of all ages and with varied health situations (1).
Levels of development in APN are very diverse in distinct countries, in the legal aspect as well as in the roles that a nurse with this level of training can fulfill. The International Council of Nurses (ICN) counts around seventy countries as being preoccupied with introducing clear function for APNs (20); nonetheless, literature describes the main progress in this sense occurring in Canada, Australia, Ireland, Finland, the United Kingdom, and the United States, although in the last ten years significant advances have been identifies in Belgium, Germany, Switzerland, Thailand, Singapore, Korea, and Africa (3, 4).
In Latin-American, progress in this initiative is embryonic: the role that a APN can fulfill has not been sufficiently disseminated and the implementation of this strategy has been limited by healthcare policies in many countries or by the opposition to APNs by professionals in other areas who are reacting to misinformation or to fear of usurpation of certain functions by APNs. However, in primary care, APNs have been incorporated into healthcare teams, and research shows positive results for the expansion of coverage and reduction of healthcare costs, in both rural areas and urban centers (1, 5).
Thanks to these advances, in 2000 the ICN supported the creation of the International Nurse Practitioner/Advanced Practice Nursing Network (INP/APNN) with the objective of favoring dialogue, advancing the installation of APNs in the countries, facilitating the interchange of knowledge, determining the limits in the expansion of the role of nurses, and defining the guidelines for the formation of human resources at this level. Likewise, the World Health Organization and the Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO) have worked with universities and nursing associations in Latin America and the Caribbean to, through context analyses, propose implementation of APNs (5).
During August 2018, the 10th Conference of the International Nursing Council convened in Rotterdam with the goal of exploring the role of APNs in the transformation of healthcare (6). With the participation of more than fifty countries, the council established a global panorama of the situation and of the challenges nursing faces as an active participant and agent for achieving universal health coverage. An important conclusion drawn from the event is the recognition given by all participating countries to APNs for allowing significant advancement of strategies for primary healthcare and the achievement of goals related with universal health coverage and sustainable development: the guarantee of a healthy life and the promotion of wellness for everyone at every age (4, 5).
These propositions imply a process and the need for countries to work towards the expansion of nursing roles, which requires the promotion of a collective project that unites different sectors involved in the formation of human talent, on one hand, that the offering of health services on the other. Likewise, administrators of education and health policy along with associations involved in the nursing discipline need to contribute to the analyses of strategies for implementing a sustainable and efficient health system that allows universal access to health (1, 4, 7).
In this context, APNs are understood to have undergone master or doctorate level training that develops scientific knowledge, clinical expertise, leadership, political formation, communicational capacity, and education for the patient, family, and community groups. Therefore, the professional is enabled to take ethical decisions, work autonomously, interact in intra- and interdisciplinary groups, and understand that ANP’s work will be determined by the unique environment, healthcare structure, and legislation of different countries.
In accord with Morán-Peña (8), the International Nursing Council states that APNs are characterized by an autonomous practice that allows the implementation of tools like: valuation, diagnostic reasoning, decision making for the handling of cases, plan development, implementation and evaluation of programs as part of consultation services, and being the first point of contact in the healthcare system. This implies that an ANP will have competencies to participate in the elaboration of public policy as well as on teams dedicated to care for individuals, families, groups, and communities in disease prevention, health promotion, treatment, recuperation, and palliative care (7, 9, 10).
Consequently, working on the implementation of the EPA can possibly lead to transformation of healthcare systems in the clinical area, improvement in the access to primary healthcare, and in the design and development of investigation projects whose results can be applied in practice; in short, it would affect the quality and effectiveness of healthcare at different levels and allow the urgent and much needed evolution of healthcare systems (11).
With this perspective, the fundamental question is whether sufficient political interest exist for the development of APN’s roles, the definition of APN’s limits, the adaption of the existing structure, the establishment of guidelines for educational programs, and the application of expert knowledge, among other aspects, in benefit of health coverage, healthcare quality, and the establishment of a sustainable healthcare system.Advanced Practice Nursing (APN) emerged as a response to the need for professionals capable of giving care to patients, thereby improving the quality of healthcare; the results obtained by implementing APNs in healthcare teams confirm that APNs can be implemented in the healthcare of patients of all ages and with varied health situations (1).
Levels of development in APN are very diverse in distinct countries, in the legal aspect as well as in the roles that a nurse with this level of training can fulfill. The International Council of Nurses (ICN) counts around seventy countries as being preoccupied with introducing clear function for APNs (20); nonetheless, literature describes the main progress in this sense occurring in Canada, Australia, Ireland, Finland, the United Kingdom, and the United States, although in the last ten years significant advances have been identifies in Belgium, Germany, Switzerland, Thailand, Singapore, Korea, and Africa (3, 4).
In Latin-American, progress in this initiative is embryonic: the role that a APN can fulfill has not been sufficiently disseminated and the implementation of this strategy has been limited by healthcare policies in many countries or by the opposition to APNs by professionals in other areas who are reacting to misinformation or to fear of usurpation of certain functions by APNs. However, in primary care, APNs have been incorporated into healthcare teams, and research shows positive results for the expansion of coverage and reduction of healthcare costs, in both rural areas and urban centers (1, 5).
Thanks to these advances, in 2000 the ICN supported the creation of the International Nurse Practitioner/Advanced Practice Nursing Network (INP/APNN) with the objective of favoring dialogue, advancing the installation of APNs in the countries, facilitating the interchange of knowledge, determining the limits in the expansion of the role of nurses, and defining the guidelines for the formation of human resources at this level. Likewise, the World Health Organization and the Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO) have worked with universities and nursing associations in Latin America and the Caribbean to, through context analyses, propose implementation of APNs (5).
During August 2018, the 10th Conference of the International Nursing Council convened in Rotterdam with the goal of exploring the role of APNs in the transformation of healthcare (6). With the participation of more than fifty countries, the council established a global panorama of the situation and of the challenges nursing faces as an active participant and agent for achieving universal health coverage. An important conclusion drawn from the event is the recognition given by all participating countries to APNs for allowing significant advancement of strategies for primary healthcare and the achievement of goals related with universal health coverage and sustainable development: the guarantee of a healthy life and the promotion of wellness for everyone at every age (4, 5).
These propositions imply a process and the need for countries to work towards the expansion of nursing roles, which requires the promotion of a collective project that unites different sectors involved in the formation of human talent, on one hand, that the offering of health services on the other. Likewise, administrators of education and health policy along with associations involved in the nursing discipline need to contribute to the analyses of strategies for implementing a sustainable and efficient health system that allows universal access to health (1, 4, 7).
In this context, APNs are understood to have undergone master or doctorate level training that develops scientific knowledge, clinical expertise, leadership, political formation, communicational capacity, and education for the patient, family, and community groups. Therefore, the professional is enabled to take ethical decisions, work autonomously, interact in intra- and interdisciplinary groups, and understand that ANP’s work will be determined by the unique environment, healthcare structure, and legislation of different countries.
In accord with Morán-Peña (8), the International Nursing Council states that APNs are characterized by an autonomous practice that allows the implementation of tools like: valuation, diagnostic reasoning, decision making for the handling of cases, plan development, implementation and evaluation of programs as part of consultation services, and being the first point of contact in the healthcare system. This implies that an ANP will have competencies to participate in the elaboration of public policy as well as on teams dedicated to care for individuals, families, groups, and communities in disease prevention, health promotion, treatment, recuperation, and palliative care (7, 9, 10).
Consequently, working on the implementation of the EPA can possibly lead to transformation of healthcare systems in the clinical area, improvement in the access to primary healthcare, and in the design and development of investigation projects whose results can be applied in practice; in short, it would affect the quality and effectiveness of healthcare at different levels and allow the urgent and much needed evolution of healthcare systems (11).
With this perspective, the fundamental question is whether sufficient political interest exist for the development of APN’s roles, the definition of APN’s limits, the adaption of the existing structure, the establishment of guidelines for educational programs, and the application of expert knowledge, among other aspects, in benefit of health coverage, healthcare quality, and the establishment of a sustainable healthcare system.Advanced Practice Nursing (APN) emerged as a response to the need for professionals capable of giving care to patients, thereby improving the quality of healthcare; the results obtained by implementing APNs in healthcare teams confirm that APNs can be implemented in the healthcare of patients of all ages and with varied health situations (1).
Levels of development in APN are very diverse in distinct countries, in the legal aspect as well as in the roles that a nurse with this level of training can fulfill. The International Council of Nurses (ICN) counts around seventy countries as being preoccupied with introducing clear function for APNs (20); nonetheless, literature describes the main progress in this sense occurring in Canada, Australia, Ireland, Finland, the United Kingdom, and the United States, although in the last ten years significant advances have been identifies in Belgium, Germany, Switzerland, Thailand, Singapore, Korea, and Africa (3, 4).
In Latin-American, progress in this initiative is embryonic: the role that a APN can fulfill has not been sufficiently disseminated and the implementation of this strategy has been limited by healthcare policies in many countries or by the opposition to APNs by professionals in other areas who are reacting to misinformation or to fear of usurpation of certain functions by APNs. However, in primary care, APNs have been incorporated into healthcare teams, and research shows positive results for the expansion of coverage and reduction of healthcare costs, in both rural areas and urban centers (1, 5).
Thanks to these advances, in 2000 the ICN supported the creation of the International Nurse Practitioner/Advanced Practice Nursing Network (INP/APNN) with the objective of favoring dialogue, advancing the installation of APNs in the countries, facilitating the interchange of knowledge, determining the limits in the expansion of the role of nurses, and defining the guidelines for the formation of human resources at this level. Likewise, the World Health Organization and the Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO) have worked with universities and nursing associations in Latin America and the Caribbean to, through context analyses, propose implementation of APNs (5).
During August 2018, the 10th Conference of the International Nursing Council convened in Rotterdam with the goal of exploring the role of APNs in the transformation of healthcare (6). With the participation of more than fifty countries, the council established a global panorama of the situation and of the challenges nursing faces as an active participant and agent for achieving universal health coverage. An important conclusion drawn from the event is the recognition given by all participating countries to APNs for allowing significant advancement of strategies for primary healthcare and the achievement of goals related with universal health coverage and sustainable development: the guarantee of a healthy life and the promotion of wellness for everyone at every age (4, 5).
These propositions imply a process and the need for countries to work towards the expansion of nursing roles, which requires the promotion of a collective project that unites different sectors involved in the formation of human talent, on one hand, that the offering of health services on the other. Likewise, administrators of education and health policy along with associations involved in the nursing discipline need to contribute to the analyses of strategies for implementing a sustainable and efficient health system that allows universal access to health (1, 4, 7).
In this context, APNs are understood to have undergone master or doctorate level training that develops scientific knowledge, clinical expertise, leadership, political formation, communicational capacity, and education for the patient, family, and community groups. Therefore, the professional is enabled to take ethical decisions, work autonomously, interact in intra- and interdisciplinary groups, and understand that ANP’s work will be determined by the unique environment, healthcare structure, and legislation of different countries.
In accord with Morán-Peña (8), the International Nursing Council states that APNs are characterized by an autonomous practice that allows the implementation of tools like: valuation, diagnostic reasoning, decision making for the handling of cases, plan development, implementation and evaluation of programs as part of consultation services, and being the first point of contact in the healthcare system. This implies that an ANP will have competencies to participate in the elaboration of public policy as well as on teams dedicated to care for individuals, families, groups, and communities in disease prevention, health promotion, treatment, recuperation, and palliative care (7, 9, 10).
Consequently, working on the implementation of the EPA can possibly lead to transformation of healthcare systems in the clinical area, improvement in the access to primary healthcare, and in the design and development of investigation projects whose results can be applied in practice; in short, it would affect the quality and effectiveness of healthcare at different levels and allow the urgent and much needed evolution of healthcare systems (11).
With this perspective, the fundamental question is whether sufficient political interest exist for the development of APN’s roles, the definition of APN’s limits, the adaption of the existing structure, the establishment of guidelines for educational programs, and the application of expert knowledge, among other aspects, in benefit of health coverage, healthcare quality, and the establishment of a sustainable healthcare system
Historia clínica integral en atención primaria de salud con enfoque en los determinantes sociales de salud. Atención integrada a las enfermedades prevalentes en la primera infancia
No full textObjetivos: Proponer un modelo de historia clínica integral, centrado en la persona, integrada al Sistema de Información del Distrito, que abarque los fundamentos de la APS (atención primaria de salud) con enfoque en los determinantes sociales de la salud para la primera infancia.
Materiales y Métodos: se llevó a cabo un estudio cualitativo. Se realizó búsqueda en la literatura, grupos focales y entrevistas de términos MeSH que fueron analizados por medio de la herramienta PCAT (Primary Care Assessment Tools). en categorías deductivas (primer contacto, continuidad, coordinación) e inductivas (no contempladas al inicio de la investigación).
Resultados: La historia clínica electrónica “juega un papel importante al igual que los registros de atenciones previas” para realizar el manejo ade- cuado de un paciente. Cuando incluimos en la historia determinantes so- ciales de la salud clasificados como de estilo de vida (lactancia materna, alimentación), medio ambiente (edad materna, cultura, servicios públicos, ubicación demográfica, vivienda) y sociales (oportunidad de acceso a ser- vicios de salud, educación materna y del infante, nivel socioeconómico, ingresos, entre otros) mejoramos la atención y abarcamos otras necesida- des que no se contemplaban en las atenciones previas
Alteraciones endocrinas asociadas al uso medicamentos en el Programa Distrital de Farmacovigilancia de Bogotá durante el periodo 2012 a 2016
Get PDFObjective. Becoming familiar with medication-use related endocrine disruption reported to the local pharmacovigilance program in Bogotá during 2012-2016. Tools and methods. Analyzed reports are dated between January 1st, 2012 and December 31st, 2016 and were gathered from the Pharmacovigilance Program in Bogotá. The analysis of the said reports was conducted through causality algorithms and event type.
Results. Out of 87 analyzed reports, two were not included in the study due to lack of information for its classification in one case and, medication-related problems in another case. 36 reports (42.9 %) were found to have adverse reaction to type A medications, while 26 reports (34.1%) were found to have medication related problem type therapeutic failure. The main medication related problems were associated to the use of Cinacalcet with increased levels of parathormone in 27 out of 87 analyzed reports in this study. Other medication related problems found were: Cushing Syndrome, associated with the use of prednisolone in 12 reports; Goiter associated to the use of adalimumab in 12 reports; Hyperprolactinemia associated to the use of Risperidone in 10 reports and, Hypothyroidism associated to the use of Amiodarone in 3 reports.
Conclusions: Carrying out such studies allows for the understanding of the main medication-use problems that are shown during common use of medications, as well as their safety profile.Objetivos. Conocer las reacciones adversas tipo endocrino asociado al uso de medicamentos y reportado al Programa Distrital de Farmacovigilancia de Bogotá durante el periodo 2012 a 2016.Materiales y métodos. Los reportes analizados corresponden al periodo del 1º de enero de 2012 al 31 de diciembre de 2016 del Programa Distrital de Farmacovigilancia. Su análisis se hizo mediante algoritmos de causalidad y por tipo de evento.Resultados. Se analizaron 85 reportes. Uno de ellos relacionado con una sospecha de problema de calidad del medicamento, los otros 84 relacionados con reacciones adversas sobre los cuales se centró la investigación. Delos 84 reportes, 36 (42,9 %) corresponden a reacciones adversas a medicamento tipo A y 26 (31 %) a reportes de reacciones adversas a medicamentos de tipo fallo terapéutico. Los principales efectos secundarios a los medicamentos fueron el aumento de los niveles de hormona paratiroidea por uso de cinacalcet en 27 (34,1 %) reportes, seguidas por el síndrome de Cushing relacionado con la administración de prednisolona en 12 (14,1 %), bocio por uso de adalimumab en 12 (14,1 %), hiperprolactinemia por el uso de risperidona en 10 (11,8 %) e hipotiroidismo inducido por amiodarona en 3 (3,4 %).Conclusiones. El desarrollo de estos estudios permite conocer las principales reacciones adversas que se presentan durante el uso habitual de los medicamentos, así como su perfil de seguridad
Brechas de género en los exámenes de estado y la relación con la pobreza y desigualdad en Colombia: un análisis departamental
No full textThis research aims to determine how departmental socio-economic factors, related to indicators on incidence, gap and severity of Monetary Poverty, GINI coefficient, and per capita income per unit of expenditure, condition gender gaps in the results of the State tests to know 11, taking as a case study 2007. The research methodology, is an explanatory investigation, since the end is to determine the causes and consequences of a concrete phenomenon. The statistical method used is correlational focus, which determine the relationship of the socio-economic variables and the gender gap with the results of the State tests. At once, the research addresses different theoretical positions that determine the different conditions for such differences to occur. As results of the study, it is concluded that departmental socioeconomic factors, condition gender gaps in the results of the State tests, especially in the area of mathematics, negatively impacting in the women, with segregation in the labor market, gender pay gap and others inequalities arising from gender gaps.La presente investigación tiene como objetivo, determinar cómo los factores socioeconómicos departamentales, relacionados con indicadores sobre la incidencia, brecha y severidad de la Pobreza Monetaria, el coeficiente de GINI, y el ingreso per cápita por unidad de gasto, condicionan las brechas de género en los resultados de las pruebas de Estado Saber 11, tomando como caso de estudio el año 2007. La metodología de investigación, es de tipo explicativa, dado que el fin es determinar las causas y consecuencias de un fenómeno concreto. El método estadístico utilizado es de enfoque correlacional, el cual determina la relación de las variables socioeconómicas y la brecha de género con los resultados de las pruebas de Estado. A la vez, la investigación aborda diferentes posturas teóricas, que determinan los diferentes condicionantes para que se produzcan dichas diferencias. Como resultados del estudio, se concluye que factores socioeconómicos departamentales, condicionan las brechas de género en los resultados de Estado, en especial en el área de matemáticas, impactando negativamente en las mujeres, con la segregación en el mercado laboral, brecha de género salarial y las demás desigualdades derivadas de brechas por género
Aporías entre Pluralismo y Justicia en la Legalización de la Eutanasia en Colombia
Get PDFEste artículo propone reflexionar sobre la dificultad de determinar la reivindicación del derecho a morir con dignidad en la forma de eutanasia. Se discuten los conflictos éticos que surgen al ser defendido este derecho en aquellas personas que son incapaces de brindar su consentimiento de manera directa –por su edad o condición– y lo hacen a través de la figura ética y jurídica del “consentimiento por sustitución”.Se analizan cuatro valores que suelen estar en conflicto en estos casos: entre quienes propenden por extremar las medidas terapéuticas (aplicar una tecnología para postergar la muerte) en oposición a quienes consideran que lo mejor sería suspender dichas medidas (permitir el desenlace natural de la muerte); entre quienes reclaman ser escuchados en calidad de sustitutos (libertad), frente a quienes atribuyen una serie de consecuencias desafortunadas si se respeta esta solicitud y consideran que lo justo sería hacer un control social al respecto (justicia). Las tesis para dar solución a tales conflictos son controvertibles y contradictorias en su raciocinio. Se plantea una aproximación metodológica para resolver esta aporía mediante la comprensión de los valores en conflicto y el intercambio que puede hacerse entre ellos. Con esto en mente, se propone una perspectiva bioética sustentada en capacidades críticas de origen dialéctico