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The perceptions of adolescents concerning sexual and reproductive rights that favor the prevention of pregnancy at this stage
Get PDFObjective: To describe an adolescent group’s perception concerning sexual and reproductive rights that favor the prevention of maternity and paternity in this stage of life. Method: Qualitative, phenomenological study; the information was collected from 20 adolescents enrolled through focus groups. The data analysis was done through open coding, category confirmation, and participant descriptions. Results Limitations in knowledge about the general concept of Sexual and Reproductive Rights were observed, with participants associating their rights exclusively with sexual relations. Nonetheless, the questions used to guide the focus groups were key to facilitate the discussion and the expression of their perception on the subject of study. Conclusions: It was observed that participants perceive the right to strengthen self-esteem as fundamental for the prevention of maternity and paternity in adolescence for several reasons: it provides self-confidence; facilitates decision making on whether or not to have sex and using contraceptives; decreases the likelihood of allowing others to pressure them to have sex; and makes it easy to tell parents or teachers if they are being pressured by someone in this regard. They emphasize the importance of promoting self-esteem in women because they are the ones who receive the most pressure to have sex and are at the highest risk for being raped. They point out that receiving information about sexuality and reproduction provides knowledge that facilitates making decisions to prevent motherhood and fatherhood at this stage; but they also recognize that the information they receive in adolescence is not always sufficient, truthful, or useful. 
¿Quiénes son los diferentes? Cuerpo, legitimidad y diversidad
No full textSi la diversidad se legitima desde el cuerpo diferente, la pregunta sería: ¿quién es el diferente?, y, ¿qué lo hace diferente? Así, si hay unos otros diferentes, lo son porque hay unos otros que son normales, entonces, ¿quiénes son los normales y qué los hace normales
La recuperación de la cuenca del río Bogotá: un reto más allá de lo ambiental
No full textEl creciente desarrollo de las poblaciones humanas, las construcciones de diferente índole, vías, minas, la ampliación de las fronteras agrícolas, entre otros procesos económicos a lo largo de la cuenca del río Bogotá, requieren de estrategias urgentes para generar conciencia y aprendizaje de las comunidades acerca de los recursos, su manejo y conservación, en un país que es considerado como de los más biodiversos del mundo, y donde, además, el recurso hídrico y de calidad del aire son el potencial económico más importante dentro de las regiones
La agencia técnica animal: hacia una explicación de las conductas de uso y fabricación de herramientas
Get PDFIn this paper I examine the notion of “agency” and its possible application to the animal technique. Although the traditional theory of action considers that non-human animals cannot be agents due to their lacks of language, the capacity to use and make tools suggests that some animals deploy complex technical capacities. Could animals be considered technical agents? In this paper I propose an explicative model to understand the technical capacity in animals such as crows and chimpanzees. By applying concepts of motor representation and action plans, I defend that some animals should be considered as technical agents insofar as they are able to use and make some tools in according to mental action plans. They are able to represents objects and act in concordance to their mental representation, despite of not possessing an articulate language and concepts. Finally, I conclude that we should make from for a non-human technique.En este trabajo examino la noción de “agencia” y su posible aplicación a la técnica animal. Aunque la teoría clásica de la acción considera que los animales no-humanos no pueden ser agentes debido a su carencia de lenguaje, los estudios de caso centrados en la capacidad de uso y fabricación de herramientas sugieren que algunos animales pueden tener habilidades técnicas complejas. ¿Podrían los animales ser considerados agentes técnicos? En este trabajo propongo un modelo explicativo para entender la capacidad técnica de algunos animales como los cuervos y los chimpancés. Aplicando los conceptos de representación motora y planes de acción, defiendo la idea de que ciertos animales deben ser considerados como agentes técnicos en la medida en que éstos son capaces de usar y fabricar ciertas herramientas de acuerdo a planes mentales de acción. Esto se debe a que los animales son capaces de representar objetos y actuar en concordancia de sus representaciones mentales, a pesar de no poseer un lenguaje articulado ni conceptos expresados proposicionalmente. Finalmente, concluyo que existe una técnica por fuera del ámbito humano
La humanización en salud: reflexiones de docentes, estudiantes y personal administrativo de una facultad de odontología
Get PDFEn este artículo se presenta la sistematización de una experiencia de re- flexión sobre la humanización en salud, en un taller en el que participaron miembros de la comunidad académica de una facultad de odontología de Bogotá. Se utilizó un cuestionario de pregunta abierta autodiligenciado y los aportes fueron sometidos a un análisis hermenéutico. Emergieron catego- rías relacionadas con la aplicación del modelo biopsicosocial, superando la centralidad en lo biológico; la calidad de la atención concebida como opor- tunidad y capacidad resolutiva; la garantía de derechos entendida como equidad y respeto a la diferencia; y la aplicación de principios éticos y bioé- ticos centrados en el beneficio del paciente por sobre toda consideración y la empatía, como sensibilidad frente al padecimiento humano. A partir de estos aportes emanados del taller, la humanización en salud puede ser concebida como una perspectiva ético-política que considera al paciente como el centro del proceso de atención y que propende por dar respuesta a sus necesidades, teniendo en cuenta sus particularidades y su contexto. Se sugiere hacer de la humanización un tópico de reflexión transversal en el proceso formativo e implementar el diálogo narrativo como herramienta
Epigenética e saúde: uma análise a partir do pensamento complexo
Get PDFEpigenetics refers to the study of gene-changes and its expression without altering DNA sequencing. It implies a series of mechanisms such as DNA cytokine methylation. Such mechanism generates heritability and is expressed in the phenotype. Heritability has also become known as soft and strong heredity. The phenotype is an emergent condition stemming from both the genotype and Epigenetics, thus responding to the four dimensions of biological evolution.
Under natural, undisturbed conditions, epigenetics maintains an appropriate genomic imprinting, while epigenetic abnormalities create gene and phenotypic inappropriate expressions. Phenotypic modifications are also present in plants, animals and human beings. Such, ultimately is expressed in ecosystems generating an emerging condition that stretches beyond the human condition and constitutes that which is referred to as health.
According to the complex thought approach, health goes beyond determination and balance; health is the very expression of life per se. It emerges as a consequence of genetics, economics, thought and experiences, encompassing that which reflects what makes us fully humans.La epigenética es el estudio de los cambios de los genes y su expresión que no generan modificaciones en la secuencia de ADN. Esta implica una serie de mecanismos como la metilación de citosinas del ADN, lo cual se manifiesta en el fenotipo y genera heredabilidad, también llamada herencia “suave y fuerte”. Aquí es importante recordar que el fenotipo es una condición emergente del genotipo y de la epigenética.
La epigenética mantiene una correcta impronta genómica en condiciones naturales y sin perturbaciones, por el contrario, anormalidades epigenéticas generan una expresión génica y fenotípica inapropiada. Las modificaciones fenotípicas se presentan en plantas, animales y seres humanos, lo que finalmente se expresa en los ecosistemas generando una condición emergente más allá de la condición humana: la salud.
De acuerdo a lo anterior y desde la perspectiva del pensamiento complejo, la salud es la expresión de la vida per se, razón por la cual la epigenética forma parte de los factores que permiten la emergencia de la salud. En otras palabras, la salud surge como consecuencia de la interacción entre genética, cultura, sociedad, economía, pensamiento, vivencias y experiencias, y es el reflejo de lo que nos hace plenamente humanos.Epigenética é o estudo das alterações genéticas e de sua expressão sem gerar modificações na sequência do DNA. Envolve uma série de mecanismos, como a metilação da DNA pela citosina, que se manifesta no fenótipo, gerando herdabilidade, denominada herança “mole e forte”. O fenótipo é uma condição emergente do genótipo e, por sua vez, da epigenética, respondendo às quatro dimensões da evolução biológica. A epigenética em condições naturais, sem distúrbios, mantém uma impressão genómica certa, ao contrário, as anormalidades epigenéticas geram um gene inadequado e expressão fenotípica. Da mesma forma, modificações fenotípicas são apresentadas em plantas, animais e seres humanos, que são finalmente expressas em ecossistemas, gerando uma condição emergente além da condição humana: Saúde.De acordo com o exposto e sob a perspectiva do pensamento complexo, a saúde vai além da determinação, do equilíbrio, sendo a expressão da vida em si. A epigenética é uma dimensão que infere na emergência, mas não um fator determinístico. Finalmente, a saúde surge como conseqüência da genética, da cultura, da condição social e econômica, do pensamento, em fim, das experiências, refletindo o que nos torna plenamente humano
Eficácia e segurança do liraglutido como tratamento adjuvante para reduzir o índice de massa corporal
Get PDFIntroduction. Overweight and obesity are two conditions that have been increasing in Colombia and worldwide, what is worry in about this is the predispose that illness can cause high mortality and mobility. Treatment of overweight and obesity needs multidisciplinary approach in which should be included healthy habits with change in diet and increase physical activity, sometimes the use of medications and bariatric surgery can be taken in mind as adjuvant therapy. Different characteristics have been demonstrated in medications like GLP-1 specially liraglutide for weight loss
Objective. Evaluate the efficacy and safety of liraglutide as a adjuvant medication to reduce the body mass index (BMI) in overweight (BMI: 25-30 Kg / m2) and obesity (BMI:> 30 Kg / m2) worldwide
Materials and methods. We will search for studies in the different databases (TRIP, Embase, Pubmed, Scopus and ClinicalKey), which must meet inclusion criteria and evaluate weight reduction with the use of liraglutide.
Conclusions. Liraglutide is a medicine that reduces BMI in people with overweight and obesity, however, it has adverse effects that must be evaluated. Therefore, the literature and lines of research should be expanded in the future; and in this way have clear evidence to discuss the efficacy and safety of liraglutide as a adjuvant treatment in overweight people.Introducción. El sobrepeso y la obesidad son condiciones que vienen en aumento en Colombia y en el mundo, lo cual es preocupante ya que generan predisposición para enfermedades que causan alta morbimortalidad. El tratamiento para estas enfermedades necesita un enfoque multidisciplinario que incluya hábitos saludables con cambios en la dieta, aumento de la actividad física y, en ocasiones, uso de fármacos y cirugía bariátrica como tratamiento coadyuvante. Algunos medicamentos GLP-1 han demostrado eficacia en la pérdida de peso, en especial la liraglutida, un medicamento usado como complemento de la dieta y el ejercicio para lograr mayor control glucémico en adultos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 que también tienen enfermedad cardiovascular.
Objetivo. Evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de la liraglutida como medicamento coadyuvante para disminuir el índice de masa corporal (IMC) en personas con sobrepeso (IMC=25-30 kg/m2) y obesidad (IMC>30 kg/m2).
Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos Trip Database, Embase, PubMed, Scopus y Clinical Key sobre estudios que cumplieran los criterios de inclusión y que evaluaran la disminución de peso con el uso de liraglutida.
Conclusiones. La liraglutida es un medicamento que reduce el IMC en personas con sobrepeso y obesidad; sin embargo, presenta efectos adversos que deben ser evaluados, razón por la cual es necesario ampliar la literatura y las líneas de investigación para, de esta manera, tener evidencia clara con la cual sea posible discutir su eficacia y seguridad como tratamiento coadyuvante en personas con sobrepeso.Introdução. Sobrepeso e obesidade são condições que estão aumentando na Colômbia e no mundo, o que é preocupante, pois gera predisposição para doenças que causam alta morbimortalidade. O tratamento para essas doenças requer umaabordagem multidisciplinar que inclua hábitos saudáveis com mudanças na dieta, aumento da atividade física e, às vezes, uso de drogas e cirurgia bariátrica como tratamento adjuvante.Alguns medicamentos para o GLP-1 provaram ser eficazes na perda de peso, especialmente o liraglutido, um medicamento usado como complemento à dieta e ao exercício para obtermaior controle glicêmico em adultos com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 que também apresentam doenças cardiovasculares.Objetivo. Avaliar a eficácia e segurança do liraglutido como medicamento adjuvante para reduzir o índice de massa corporal (IMC) em pessoas com sobrepeso (IMC = 25-30 kg /m2) e obesidade (IMC> 30 kg /m2).Materiais e métodos. Pesquisamos os bancos de dados Trip Database, Embase, PubMed, Scopus e Clinical Key em estudos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e que avaliaram a perda de peso com o uso de liraglutido.Conclusões. O liraglutido é um medicamento que reduz o IMC em pessoas com sobrepeso e obesidade; no entanto, apresenta efeitos adversos que devem ser avaliados, motivo pelo qual é necessário ampliar a literatura e as linhas de pesquisa para, dessa forma, ter evidências claras com as quais é possível discutir sua eficácia e segurança como tratamento adjuvante em pessoas com excesso de peso
El clima laboral como factor clave en elrendimiento productivo de las empresas.estudio caso: Hardepex Cía. Ltda
Get PDFThe objective of this research is to evaluate the work environment as a key factor in the productive performance of the company Hardepex Cía. Ltda., whose organization has 87 people, who work in the production area. One of the problems that is detected within the organization, under study, is the lack of adequate work environments for its employees, to this, the requirement is added by the directive part, in demanding sales and products in record time, without the necessary measures or corrections. For the development of research, it was used a type of descriptive research with qualitative techniques, through of survey application, with a stratified sample. The results obtained, they point out that, the work climate in the workers within the organization it\u27s not the right one, impacting negatively in productive performance of the company. About, it is concluded that, the organizations they must pay attention, in generating adequate work environments in the or workers, so that these, in turn, can improve their level of productivity.La presente investigación tiene como objetivo, evaluar el clima laboral como factor clave en el rendimiento productivo de la empresaHardepex Cía. Ltda., cuya organización cuenta con 87 personas, que laboran en el área de producción. Uno de los problemas quese detecta dentro de la organización, objeto de estudio, es la falta de ambientes de trabajo adecuados para sus trabajadores, a esto,se suma la exigencia por la parte directiva, en exigir ventas y productos en tiempo récord, sin las medidas o correctivos necesarios.Para el desarrollo de la investigación, se utilizó un tipo de investigación descriptiva con técnicas cualitativas, a través de aplicaciónde encuestas, con una muestra estratificada. Los resultados obtenidos, señalan que, el clima laboral en los trabajadores dentro de laorganización no es el adecuado, impactando negativamente en el rendimiento productivo de la empresa. Al respecto, se concluyeque, las organizaciones deben prestar atención, en generar ambientes laborales adecuados en los trabajadores, para que estos, a suvez, puedan mejorar su nivel de productividad
La gestión empresarial, en la construcción de una sociedad emprendedora
Get PDFThe articles presented in this issue 28 of the magazine present methodologies or tools for the management of organizational processes, with views of strategic analysis and learning of new business networking associations, new product packaging designs, competitiveness of the sector of the higher education, based on innovation criteria in response to the need of a sector or as an opportunity for a new business.
In this panorama and the context of a globalized world in force, we talk about innovation, supported by rapid technological changes, where creativity has answers with the processes of research and business management, which result in impact projects for society, which perceived as a solution to great needs and job creation.
The concept of innovation was coined by Schumpeter (1934), with focuses on: technology, market for a new good, new production method, new market, new source of raw material supply, new market structure, regarded as a contribution to economic development.
The innovation thus raised, led to improve the production activity of the different economic sectors, and be a new engine for the generation of new business units, the result of new needs or business opportunities. In this regard, in Colombia, the Creative Economy or Orange Economy was taken as a development banner, with a contribution of resources of 400 billion pesos to 7 years to encourage innovation with entrepreneurship initiatives, towards creative companies related to the production of goods and cultural services protected with intellectual property, based on creativity, such as crafts, fashion, design, advertising, architecture, software development, tourism, among others.
Thus, the entrepreneurial initiative, then, becomes the great driver of innovation, competitiveness and economic and social development, making innovation and creativity manifest with new markets, or by modifying existing ones. These initiatives include: The creation of cultural industries (already mentioned), which design, produce and distribute goods or services related to aesthetic attributes and purposes; the creation of companies, based on the business opportunity; social entrepreneurship, with activities ranging from community work, volunteering and public organizations, to private companies focused on meeting social objectives; scientific entrepreneurship, with companies established for this purpose, which include Universities (with University Spin-offs), Study Centers and Research Institutes; Startup, as a company in its early stage; and, corporate entrepreneurship, where innovation management is supported by corporate incubators, corporate accelerators, corporate capital venture, corporate strategic partners; and, where large companies are the most benefited, with the synergy of technological developments.
Now, one aspect that has been strengthened with technological development is the management of business models, where Godin (2017) mentions that most of the ideas about innovation during the last decades have taken the form to build models business, also giving social criteria to the field of innovation; among them, scenario models, linear, holistic, network, open innovation. In this sense, innovation acquires current relevance with the assumption that, for many organizations, it constitutes a differential factor of competitiveness. (Sánchez & Cilleruelo, 2010).
On the other hand, in order to assess entrepreneurial activities, some indicators are shown, according to data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM, 2017) for the case of Spain, where the rate of entrepreneurial activity for population between 18-54 years, it was 43.1% in 2013, compared to 41.8% in 2017; the profile of entrepreneurs in 2017 was 19.2% men and 18.2% women (the business with women being more durable); also, in education in 2013, it is noted: 52.4% with higher education, compared to 49.3% in 2017; in entrepreneurial activity of companies, 29.8% in 2013, compared to 27.6% in 2017; entrepreneurial activity rate in 2017: 11.8% global, 18.3% Latin America and Colombia.
In relation to the perceptions and capacities of entrepreneurs for Colombia, the fear of failure went from 35% (2013) to 28% (2017); Skills from 58% (2013) to 69% (2017); business opportunity, from 68% (2013) to 52% (2017), with a decrease in fear of failure, increase in skills for success and lower business expectations.
However, as indicators of non-continuity of the business, the following are mentioned, according to GEM (2017): business was not profitable (35%); financial problems (16%); personal reasons (16%); business sale opportunityLos artículos presentados en este número 28 de la revista, presentan metodologías o herramientas parala gestión de procesos organizacionales, con miradas de análisis estratégico y de aprendizajes de nuevasasociaciones de networking empresarial, de nuevos diseños de embalaje de productos, competitividad delsector de la educación superior, basados en criterios de innovación como respuesta a la necesidad de un sectoro como oportunidad de un nuevo negocio
Plan de mejoras al sistema de trazabilidad de medicamentos en Cuba
Get PDFTraceability consists of systematically associating a flow of information with a physical flow of goods so that the required information relative to the specific groups or groups of products can be rediscounted at a specific moment. The health sector is by nature a global sector that has supply chains that cross borders, but at the same time, the health sector is very local, which is why the implementation of global, open and tested standards allows systems of effective and efficient traceability around the world. The study that is carried out is in the Cuban health sector, in the medicine supply chain, and its general objective is to propose a traceability plan that will improve the existing deficiencies in the Drug Traceability System in Cuba. The diagnosis of the traceability system is made and 17 problems are obtained. That is why a solution proposal is made through the design of a Traceability Plan. Techniques and tools such as bibliographic analysis, interview, Pareto diagrams, flow diagrams and others were used. Minitab 16, Microsoft Excel and Visio softwares were used.La trazabilidad consiste en asociar sistemáticamente un flujo de información a un flujo físico de mercancías, de manera que se pueda reencontrar en un instante determinado la información requerida relativa a los lotes o grupos de productos específicos. El sector de la salud, es por naturaleza un sector global que cuenta con cadenas de abastecimiento que cruzan fronteras, pero a la vez, el sector de la salud es muy local, razón por la cual la implementación de estándares globales, abiertos y probados permite sistemas de trazabilidad efectivos y eficientes alrededor del mundo. El estudio que se realiza es en el sector de la salud cubana, en la cadena de suministro de medicamentos, y tiene como objetivo general proponer un plan de trazabilidad que permita mejorar las deficiencias existentes en el Sistema de Trazabilidad de Medicamentos en Cuba. Se realiza el diagnóstico del sistema de trazabilidad y se realiza una propuesta de soluciones a través del diseño de un Plan de Trazabilidad. Se utilizaron técnicas y herramientas tales como el análisis bibliográfico, la entrevista, los diagramas Pareto, diagramas de flujo y otros. Fueron utilizados los softwares Minitab 16, Microsoft Excel y Visio