Journal of Medical Research and Innovation (JMRI)
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Program schedule of 3rd International Conference on Clinical Orthopedics & Spine Biomechanics
No full textThe program schedule of 3rd International Conference on Clinical Orthopedics & Spine Biomechanics held at ISIC, New Delhi, India
Influence of Varying Doses and Duration of Dietary Nitrates from Beetroot Juice on Sprint Performance in U.S. Army ROTC Cadets: A pilot study
Full text linkObjective: Assess the effects of varying levels and duration of dietary nitrate supplementationfrom beetroot juice (BR) on sprint performance in army ROTC cadets.
Methods: Army Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) cadets were randomly assigned to oneof three treatment groups: control (CON); low beetroot juice dose (BR1); and high BR juice –BR2. For 0, 6 and 15 days nitrate consumption from BR groups were as follows: CON receivedone 16.9 oz. bottle of apple juice (0 mg NO 3 -); BR1 received one can of BR juice (300 mg, 4.84mmol NO 3 -), and BR2 received 2 cans (16.8 oz.) BR (600 mg, 9.68 mmol NO 3 -). One week priorto the study, each cadet completed body composition measurements, predicted aerobic capacitymeasurements, and nutritional analysis via two 24-hour dietary recalls. Differences in primarymeasures (distance covered in the Yo-Yo IR1) were analyzed with two-way repeated measuresANOVA tests both between groups (CON, BR1, BR2) and within groups (0, 6, and day 15).Descriptive statistics and frequency counts were run on all remaining variables with a one-wayANOVA or t-test, including maximal heart rate during the YoYo IR1, dietary compliance, dailyblood pressure, juice compliance, and conditioning work-outs
Results: A dose-related enhancement with BR was observed; the data trended towardssignificance even in this small sample. A t-test revealed that there was a significant difference insprint performance by males and females overall at days 0, 6, 15 (p = 0.025, p = 0.005, p =0.004, respectively).
Conclusion: A single (300 mg, 4.84 mmol NO 3 ) or double (600 mg, 9.68 mmol NO 3 -) daily doseconsumption of BR appears to benefit ROTC cadets in athletic performance. Daily consumptionof BR benefitted ROTC males more than females. Results suggest BR supplementation could beadvantageous for sprint performance when administered for a longer duration (> 15 days)
Neuroticism polygenic risk score predicts 20-year burden of depressive symptoms for Whites but not Blacks
Full text linkBackground. Black-White differences are reported in social, psychological, behavioral, medical, and biological correlates of depression. This study was conducted to compare Black and White older adults for the association between neuroticism polygenic risk score (N-PRS) and chronicity of depressive symptoms over 20 years.
Methods. Data came from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), 1990 – 2012, a nationally representative sample of Americans above age 50. Current analysis followed 9,249 individuals (7,924 Whites and 1,325 Blacks) for up to 22 years. Depressive symptoms were measured every two years between 1992 and 2012 using the 8-item Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D-8). The independent variable was N-PRS. The dependent variable was average depressive symptoms between 1992 and 2012. Linear regression was used for data analysis.
Results. In the pooled sample, higher N-PRS was associated with higher average depressive symptoms over the 20-year follow up period [b=0.01, 95%CI=0.00 to 0.04], net of all covariates. We also found an interaction between race and N-PRS [b=-0.02, 95%CI=-0.03 to 0.00], suggesting a stronger effect of N-PRS on 20-year average depressive symptoms for Whites than Blacks. Based on our race-specific linear regression models, higher N-PRS was associated with higher depressive symptoms from 1992 to 2012 for Whites [b=0.01, 95%CI=0.01 to 0.02] but not Blacks [b=0.00, 95%CI=-0.02 to 0.02].
Conclusion. Black and White older adults may differ in the salience of the existing N-PRS for depressive symptoms, which better reflects the burden of depression for Whites than Blacks. This may be because the existing PRSs are derived from mostly or exclusively White samples, limiting their applicability in other race groups. Racial variation in psychosocial, clinical, and biological correlates of depression needs further research
Metformin Inhibits Growth of Breast Cancer Cell T47D through Decreasing Expression of Protein P53, BCL2 and Cyclin D1
Full text linkBreast cancer is a disease that afflicts women only 0.5 to 1 % are male breast cancers.Breast cancer has several variants and requires a different therapeutic approach, and until now the therapy has not been satisfactory due to the emergence of resistance. Metformin as the main choice drug type 2 diabetes mellitus which is known to have a cytotoxic effect for breast cancer. This study aimed to analyze metformin cytotoxic mechanisms covering the cell cycle , apoptosis, expression of p53, bcl-2 and cyclin D1 T47D cells which exposed to metformin HCl. The study was conducted invitro on T47D breast cancer cells which exposed to metformin concentrations of 1738.2 µg / mL and 3476.4 µg / mL and doxorubicin concentrations of 0.1µg / mL and 0.2µg / mL for 24 hours. Cell cycle testing and apoptosis using the flowsitometry method and expression test of p53 protein, bcl-2 dancycline D1 in T47D cells with immunocytochemistry. Data was analyzed by one way Anova with Bonferroni's advanced test. The results showed that metformin inhibited the G0-G1 phase of the T47D cell cycle, triggered T47D cell apoptosis, significantly reduced p53, bcl-2 and cyclin D1 protein expression (p <0.05). Conclusion of the study, metformin inhibits T47D cells through inhibition of the cell cycle G0-G1 phase, reducing protein expression p53, bcl-2 and cyclin D1
Prognostic importance of acute heart failure persistence in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Full text linkIntroduction: Acute heart failure (AHF) is one of the most frequent complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). It is not only associated with a several-fold increase of in-hospital mortality but also, worsens the long-term survival in comparison to those without AHF. The AHF is observed to be more in AMI patients whose in-hospital stay is more than 3 days. The clinical implications and prognostic accuracy of the AHF term in the setting of AMI are yet unknown.
Methods: We observed 1,104 consecutive cardiac care patients, who were admitted with ST-elevation AMI (STEMI). They were divided into groups according to the AHF presence {AHF(+) n=334 and AHF(-) n=764}. Among 334 AHF(+) patients: 252 patients were found to have a transient AHFt(+), whereas 82 of AHF(+) patients had persistent AHFp(+) during in-hospital period. Patients' baseline characteristics, blood analysis, left ventricle (LV) and renal function data were assessed and analyzed on the admission day and 10th day post-admission. The follow-up was conducted on the 30th day and after 2 years.
Results. STEMI patients accompanied by AHF(+) were older, presented mostly with anterior AMI (p<0.01), had lower LV ejection fraction (EF) (p<0.01) and a higher heart rate (p<0.05). Their rates of comorbidities and of in-hospital complications such as recurrent angina, reinfarction, LV aneurism were higher in comparision to AHF(-) patients. AHFp(+) patients had the shortest time from symptoms onset before thrombolysis in comparision to AHFt(+) and AHF(-) groups. Partial recovery of cardiac function according to Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and end-systolic volume index, occurred mainly in AHF(-) and AHFt(+) patients on the 10th day post-admission, but not in AHFp(+).
STEMI patients with AHFp(+) demonstrated a larger infarct size, higher C-reactive protein and VGEF level, fasting glucose and heart rate on admission, higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate, absence of heart rate normalization on the 10th day post-admission. All of these markers were the signs of severe myocardial damage and inflammation, which can reflect worse recovery in AHF patients despite optimal management. Patients with AHF(+) had renal dysfunction on admission while its creatinine clearance (CrCl) decreased during the in-hospital period which is the reflection of a poor prognosis.
Сardiovascular mortality and non-fatal MI were significantly higher in the AHFp(+) group as compared to the AHFt(+) and the AHF(–) groups during the 30 days and 2 years of follow-up.
Conclusion: The AHF is a frequent STEMI complication. AHF lasting >3 days had worse short- and long-term prognosis. Therefore, an aggressive strategy should be recommended particularly in patients who have clinical signs and symptoms of persistent AHF
Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of Talus
Full text linkAneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) of talus is rare benign, expansile and osteolytic bone growth. Cyst contains bloody fluid lined with variable amount of osteolytic giant cells. This is common in epiphyseal ends of long bone and rare in small bones like talus. Here a 20 years’ male with aneurysmal bone cyst of talus managed with wide intralesional curettage with autologous bone graft mixed with synthetic bone graft been presented
3D Printing and its Future in Medical World
No full textSince the time of its inception, 3D printing has not only fascinated the researchers but also health professionals. Though the process is exciting, it involves meticulous coordination and selection process to achieve a desirable product. This review article discusses about the history of evolution of 3 D printers, their current application and future trends. Emphasis has also been laid to recognize the best suitable product and ways to prevent its misuse
Cadaveric Study of Lung Anatomy: A Surgical Overview
Full text linkBackground: Thorough knowledge of variations in lung anatomy is of prime significance during surgical procedures of lungs. Arrangement of structures in lung hilum act as a guide in performing such procedures. Normal pattern of arrangement of hilar structures in right lung is eparterial bronchus, pulmonary artery, hyparterial bronchus and pulmonary veins from above downwards. In left lung it is pulmonary artery, principal bronchus and pulmonary vein from above downwards. Arrangement of hilar structures from anterior to posterior in both lungs is pulmonary vein, pulmonary artery and principal bronchus.
Aim: To report variations in hilar anatomy (arrangement and number) of lungs.
Methods and Material: 75 adult formalin fixed cadaveric lungs from department of Anatomy AIIMS New Delhi were observed for variations in lobar anatomy. Arrangement of pulmonary hilar structures observed and variations recorded.
Results: Among 75 adult lung specimens observed, 36 were right and rest left lung. Normal pattern of arrangement of hilar structures was seen in 22 right and 23 left lungs. Rest of the lung specimens (14 Right and 16 Left) showed variations in hilar anatomy. Some of them showed alterations in sequence of arrangement of pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins, bronchus and others in number of these structures. Seven right lung specimens showed only 2 lobes with an oblique fissure dividing them and one left lung showed 3 lobes.
Conclusion: Alterations in pattern of arrangement of structures in lung hilum are quite frequent. A compromise in knowledge of such variations will result in inadvertent intraoperative complications
Dyke-Davidoff-Masson Syndrome: A Delayed Diagnosis of an Acquired Variant
Full text linkDyk-Davidof-Masson Syndrome (DDMS) is an important cause of intractable and drug-resistant seizures. It has varied clinical presentation and history with distinct neuroimaging features. Here, we describe a female patient presented with recurrent intractable convulsion, mental retardation, hemiparesis, and characteristic neuroimaging features of cerebral hemiatrophy, calvarial thickening, and ipsilateral hyperpneumatization of the frontal sinuses which is suggestive of DDMS. Early institution of neuroimaging in patients with intractable epilepsy will make early diagnosis and better outcome
Markers of Poor Prognosis in Non-ST Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes Without Revascularization: A 3-Year Survival Analysis
Full text linkIntroduction: The non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) account for more than 50% of the total number of patients with ACS. The mortality rates after NSTEMI are not significantly different when compared with patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.
Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the assessment of clinical, laboratory and instrumental data during hospital stay provide any additional independent information in predicting the 3-year major cardiac events after NSTE-ACS.
Methods: We observed 490 consecutive patients, who were admitted to the emergency cardiology department with NSTE-ACS. The patients' baseline characteristics, blood analysis, left ventricle (LV) and renal function data were assessed and analyzed. The median follow‑up time was 36 months. The endpoint was cardiovascular death.
Results: The results of our study show that the risk of cardiovascular death during the three years follow-up after multivariate adjustment increases with older age (> 64 years), history of diabetes, prior myocardial infarction and history of angina pectoris, lower ejection fraction (<50%), degree of myocardial hypertrophy (the thickness of the interventricular septum >1.25 mm) of the LV and the degree of diastolic dysfunction (E-wave deceleration time (DT) < 150 ms), silent myocardial ischemia during first 24-hours, high pulse pressure on Day 1 (>49 mm Hg), glucose level > 7.5 mmol/l on admission and moderate kidney dysfunction (CrCl <60 ml/min).
Conclusion: In patients with NSTE-ACS, we report the cardiovascular death risk factors within the 3-year follow-up period in the present study. We thus conclude that it is important to identify the patients with high risk of future cardiovascular complications