International Journal of Energetica
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Economic Evaluation of the Production of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Nanoparticles using the Simple Aqueous Peroxo Route Method
Get PDFThis study aims to analyze the economic evaluation on the production of TiO2 nanoparticles using the simple aqueous peroxo route method. Economic evaluation is carried out using several economic parameters, such as Payback Period (PBP), Break Even Point (BEP), and Cumulative Net Present Value (CNPV). The economic evaluation method is carried out by calculating several factors to see the potential of TiO2 nanoparticle production, such as an increase in tax prices, sales prices, and the effect of raw material prices. Based on tax evaluation, the greatest income achievement when taxed is 10%. Based on the sales evaluation, the minimum sales price so that the company does not lose is at the 90% point. Based on variations in raw material prices, an increase in raw material prices by up to 50% will not cause a loss. PBP analysis shows the investment in a short period of time, namely in the fourth year and until the 20th year the company's profits continue to increase. In conclusion, the results of the economic evaluation show good prospects. The impact of this research is the evaluation of large-scale economic data on TiO2 nanoparticles, production prospects with estimated factors that may occur under ideal conditions
Extraction of the electrical parameters of the Au/InSb/InP Schottky diode in the temperature range (300 K- 425 K)
Get PDFIn this work, we have presented a theoretical study of Au/InSb/InP Schottky diode based on current-voltage (I-V) measurement in the temperature range ( 300 K- 425 K). Electrical parameters of Au/InSb/InP such as barrier height (Φb), ideality factor and series resistance have been calculated by employing the conventional (I-V), Norde, Cheung and Chattopadhyay methods. Measurements show that the Schottky barrier height (SBH), ideality factor and series resistance, RS for Au/InSb/InP Schottky diode in the temperature range (300 K–425 K) are 0.602-0.69eV, 1.683-1.234 and 84.54-18.95 (Ω), respectively. These parameters were extracted using Atlas-Silvaco-Tcad logical
Numerical study of a new earth-air heat exchanger configuration designed for Sahara climates
Get PDFThermal performance for cooling and heating in the building can be achieved by the novel shape of the earth–air heat exchanger (EAHE). In a heavily populated area such as City, Due to the limited ground space. EAHE systems are rarely used, for most residential andcommercial utilization.This paper presents a numerical investigation of the thermal performance of a spiral-shaped configuration Spiral Earth to Air Heat Exchanger SEAHE intended for the summer cooling inhot and arid regions of Algeria. A parametric analysis of the SEAHE has been performed toinvestigate the effect of diameter, depth, pipe length and of airflow rate on the outlet air in theexchanger. Results show that the specific heat exchange is used to cool in an arid zone (south-east of Algeria). When the ambient temperature varies between 40°C and 45 °C, the coolingtemperature varies between 25°C and 29 °C. Temperature difference inlet and outlet airexchanger 18°C, these values are quite acceptable with for cooling the building
Economic evaluation of zinc oxide nanoparticle production through green synthesis method using Cassia fistula plant extract
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of a zinc oxide (ZnO) manufacturing project through a green synthesis method using plant extracts Cassia fistula and then evaluate it from an engineering and economic perspective. Several economic evaluation parameters are analyzed to inform the potential production of ZnO nanoparticles, such as the length of time required for an investment to return the total initial expenditure (PBP), the condition of a production project in the form of a production function in years (CNPV), project benefits and so on. The results showed that the production of ZnO nanoparticles was very prospective. Technical analysis to produce 250 kg of ZnO nanoparticles per day shows the total cost of the equipment purchased to be 21,450.00 USD. PBP analysis shows that investment will be profitable after more than three years. This project can compete with PBP capital market standards because of the short investment returns. To ensure the feasibility of a project, the project is estimated from ideal conditions to the worst case in production, including labor, sales, raw materials, utilities, and external conditions
Performance of a wastewater treatment plant in south-eastern Algeria
Get PDFThe experimental study was carried out on an urban wastewater purification station located in the region of El Oued -Kounine- in south-eastern Algeria. During 6 months, samples were taken every month to study the Physico-chemical parameters of this station. Monthly monitoring of SS, COD, BOD5 was made from September 2017 to February 2018 and the results obtained show that the average elimination rates were 77.76, 74.10 and 80% respectively for BOD5, DCO and SS. The average of the ratio COD/BOD5 during the 6 months of follow-up is equal to 2.9
Engineering and Economic Evaluation of Production of SnO2 Nanoparticles by Microwave-Assisted Green Synthesis
Get PDFThe synthesis of nanoparticles from noble metals such as tin (IV) oxide (SnO2) is a research in progress with a very wide application in various fields, such as environmental improvement, gas sensors, catalysis, and lithium-ion batteries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the economic feasibility of producing tin (IV) oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles using the microwave-assisted green synthesis method on an industrial scale for 10 years by evaluating from an engineering and economic perspective. Various economic parameters are used to analyze economic viability, including Gross Profit Margin (GPM), Payback period (PBP), Cumulative Net Present Value (CNPV), as well as economic variations in sales, taxes, raw materials, labor wages, and utilities to ascertain project viability. Technical analysis to produce 8.54 kg of SnO2 nanoparticles per day shows a total production cost of 1,982,243,613.12 IDR and a total investment cost of 1,732,590,765.12 IDR. The resulting gross profit margin is 39,231,578,268 IDR/year, the profit is relatively economical, so this project can be run for 10 years under ideal conditions. This research is expected to be a reference for technical and economic analysis of industrial scale production of SnO2 nanoparticles
Enhancing of CH3NH3SnI3 based solar cell efficiency by ETL engineering
Get PDFSolar cells based on organic-inorganic perovskites (PVK) are the subject of several researches in laboratories around the world. One of the most promising hybrid perovskite is the methylammonium lead tri-iodide MAPbI3 that is suitable for sun light harvesting. But the MAPbI3 is a toxic material, so in this paper is proposed another nature friendly candidate which is the methylammonium tin tri-iodide MASnI3. The proposed material is inserted into an n-i-p heterojunction solar cell which structure is electron transport layer (ETL)/PVK/hole transport layer (HTL). The used HTL is the PEDOT: PSS in combination with one of two ETLs which are the PCBM and the IGZO. Simulation efforts using 1D SCAPS was carried. It is found that IGZO ETL based solar cell yields a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) compared with PCBM ETL based solar cell in the same thickness.
CFD simulation of natural convection and heat transfer in a flat solar thermal collector with fins on the glazing - horizontal case
Get PDFThis study is based on a CFD simulation of a flat horizontal solar thermal collector containing fins on its inner face of the glazing. The walls of the solar collector with insulation are considered adiabatic and the rest of the walls are at constant different temperatures. The principal objective of this work is to study the effects of the number of fins that changed from 0 to 30, as well as their length varied from 0 to 0.8 on the air flow and heat transfer characteristics. It has been observed that the heat transfer rate is strongly affected by the number of fins and the length of the fins. The obtained result showed that the increase of the fins reduces the heat loss by convection by 54 %
Optimal Planning of On-Grid Hybrid Microgrid for Remote Island Using HOMER Software, Kish in Iran
Get PDFHOMER software functions as a tool for modeling and optimization of an energy generation micropower system based on renewable technologies. In this paper for the first time the monthly real load data have been used in HOMER to design a renewable-based microgrid in grid-connected mode for Kish Island, Iran. The calculations were performed in a way that the designed system could supply the load demand of the studied area with the lowest cost, least pollution, and highest reliability. To overcome the intermittency of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar, a combination of these sources in a hybrid system and installation of battery storage systems were considered. The solar radiation and wind speed data required by the software were obtained from the country’s meteorology and NASA website and used in the software. The analysis results of four scenarios, including national grid/diesel generator, national grid/diesel generator/solar cell, national grid/diesel generator/wind turbine, and national grid/diesel generator/solar cell/wind turbine, showed the prices per kWh of 0.505, 0.537, respectively. In these scenarios, the share of renewable energies was 0%, 8%, 11%, and 26%, respectively. The highest amount of electricity sold to the national grid was 1597095 kWh/y for the fourth scenario which had also the lowest rate of CO2 emissions by 4128650 kg/y
Comparative Study between Sliding Mode Control and the Vectorial Control of a Brushless doubly fed induction generator
Get PDFBrushless doubly fed induction generators (BDFIG) show commercial promise forwind-power generation due to their lower capital and operational costs and higher reliability ascompared with doubly fed induction generators. This paper proposes a robust sliding mode control of grid-connected brushless doubly fed induction generator (BDFIG). The developed algorithm is based on the decoupling control by using oriented grid flux vector control strategy. The decoupling of the active and the reactive stator powers insures an optimal performance of the BDFIG at the sub-synchronous region. The stator of this machine incorporates two sets of three phase windings with different number of poles, power winding (PW) and control winding (CW). The proposed method is tested with the Matlab/Simulink software. Simulation results illustrate the performances and the feasibility of the designed control