International Christian University Repository / 国際基督教大学リポジトリ
Not a member yet
5325 research outputs found
Sort by
Interpreting Antigoneʼs Divine Law and State Law in Modern Society
Get PDF本稿は、従わなければならないのは人である統治者の決める法なのか、古来、慣習として信じられ、存在が認められてきた、神々の法としての法なのかという問題について、アンチゴーヌをどのように読み解くのかという問題から、神の法・人の法について考察をおこなうものである。
アンチゴーヌは、神々の掟（法）に基づき、国王が定めた国（人）の法に抵抗した。これは、国という権力、国王という権力に対抗した、ということができるかもしれない。
アンチゴーヌはこう語る。「法がどこからくるか、知っている人はいない。法は永久に続くもの。」
古代や中世との比較において現代社会の法をみるとき、その特色は、個人の尊厳と個人の尊重を中核とし、基本的人権の制度的保障体系が憲法や法律のなかに確立され、整備されていることだということである。
しかし、法は、だれが、どのように作ることができるのかということに関する答えはない。法律の内容は（とくに間接民主制を採用する社会においては）議会の「公開の」審議を通して討議されて確定されるべきであるが、現実の法制定過程をみてみると、審議は行われず、あらかじめ定められた、もしくは予定された通りに国会を通過していくものも多い。
また、法が社会状況に追いつかない問題も常に生じる。法と社会のずれの問題は、どの社会においても起こるが、日本においてもそうである。このような法と社会のずれの問題は、何を「法」と考えるのかという問題とつながっている。
そこで、本稿は、アンチゴーヌを主題としてそこから現れる神の法・人の法の相違について検討を加えたうえで、現代社会の法と社会、人の法と神の法の問題をアンチゴーヌがどのように解釈しているのかということを通して考察を行う。This paper discusses the difference between state law and divine law. A sense of ruling the people can be described as law decided by a ruler who is a person, however, a law of the gods has been recognized as a custom as an ancient tradition and the interpretation becomes a problem.
Based on the laws of the gods, Antigone resisted the state law which was decided by the King. This can be said to be described as against the power of the country, power of the king.
A passage in Antigone, states that “There is no one who knows where the law comes from, the law will last forever.”
When looking at the law of modern society in comparison with ancient and medieval times, its characteristics are centered on personal dignity and respect for individuals, an institutional security system of fundamental human rights is established in the constitution and law.
However, there is no answer as to who and how to make it. Although the contents of the law should be confirmed through deliberations by Congress (in the society where democracy is adopted), when looking at the real legislative process, deliberation is not actually carried out.
There also always arises a problem that the law cannot catch up with the social situation. Problems of legal and social deviations will occur in any society, as is the case in Japan. Problems such as these laws and societies are linked to the question of what they regard as “law”.
Thus, this paper examines the differences between the divine law and state law that emerging as the theme of Antigone as a subject. Then it discusses the problems of modern society especially the relation between law and society, through interpretation of state law and divine law which is considered and discussed in the Antigone.departmental bulletin pape
Voice and number agreement in Kiribati transitive verbs
Get PDFThis paper focuses on syntactic structure in Kiribati, more specifically the functions of the active and passive voice within transitive verbs. This paper also focuses on the verb and object agreement and how different suffixes determine how many objects a Kiribati verb can take. In the Kiribati language, there remain two forms for the active voice, in which the verbs will take suffixes –a and –i when determining whether or not the verb is able to take singular or a number of objects. There is one form for the passive, in which verbs will take suffix –ki for both singular or a number of objects. This paper attempts to explore the exceptions to these rules, and consider the role of certain verbs, which cannot agree with either the suffixes or the objects. This paper reveals that there are exceptions to the rules, and there are many ways of forming an active or passive sentence in Kiribati.departmental bulletin pape
Developing Critical Thinking Skills and Attitude: An Analysis of a Reading Course in a University English Program
Get PDFThe purpose of this paper is to examine whether an English academic reading
course in a Japanese university fosters critical thinking skills and attitude
among its students. Critical thinking has long been a topic of debate in
education, but especially recently, it has become a center of attention of
educators in Japan. The English program of International Christian University,
Tokyo, has been providing quality education with the aim of nurturing critical
thinking skills through academic English. The research question asked in this
paper is “How does the reading course of this program provide the students
with opportunities to engage in critical thinking?” Based on definitions of
critical thinking provided by several scholars, this paper analyzes classes and
assignments to identify which critical thinking skills the students need to
employ. The findings show that students do engage in activities that require
critical thinking. This paper also implies that skills and attitude are inseparable
for effective critical thinking.departmental bulletin pape
Against Injustice: From the Viewpoint of Kant’s Notion
Get PDFThis article demonstrates to support how action against injustice formulates
using Kant’s moral philosophy. We often see injustice such as fake news,
hate speech, intolerance and discrimination of minorities. However, it is usual
to see discussions on what defines justice in moral philosophy before we take
action against injustice. Moreover, it sometimes relativizes the concept of justice,
and they might promote injustice. Nancy Fraser appealed the actions
against such injustice according to Plato, John Rawls and Kazuo Ishiguro in
2012. She defines what junsice ought to is to break down injustice.
We can find that some ideas against injustice in Kant’s moral philosophy,
the relationship between evil and virtue inside human beings, categorical imperative
and practical imperative.
This article is structured as follows: aims of this article, the outline of N.
Fraser’s notion as the instance of argument against injustice, and how to apply
Kant’s moral philosophy.
Kant thought that human beings could understand and act against injustice
of others because they were rational beings.departmental bulletin pape
Language-Exchange Meetings: The Second Year of developing ICU Language Tables
Get PDFThis report is about the second year of the ongoing voluntary project on language
exchange meetings, ICU Language Tables. It was established in autumn 2016, and
from autumn 2017 to spring 2018, volunteer student coordinators, the author of
this report as an instructor of English for Liberal Arts (ELA), administrators,
professors, and instructors collaborated on this endeavor. Based on the author’s
reflection and students’ responses, this report will first present an overview of the
second year, extra-curricular speaking programs in universities in Japan, and
language-exchange meetings. Then, five issues from the author’s perspective and
five themes from participants’ perspectives revealed in surveys and interviews
will be discussed. Though the project addressed issues raised in the preliminary
study, to further create a desirable environment, dealing with ongoing and new
issues, attention to participants’ needs, and support for diverse students are
crucial.departmental bulletin pape
Learner Perceptions of a “Guess and Check” Approach to Vocabulary Learning
Get PDFResearch has shown that students taking L2 university courses must have a
large vocabulary. Research has also suggested that “guess and check” may be
an effective way for students to increase their vocabularies. This paper seeks to
share the findings regarding students’ perceptions of the “guess and check”
vocabulary building strategy that was introduced to students in Reading and
Writing (R&W) classes in the academic years 2016 and 2017. The feedback
which the students provided about the course clearly shows that the strategy
was viewed very positively. The paper concludes that as the “guess and check”
strategy appears to have a number of benefits in terms of vocabulary learning
and is positively perceived by students, it is a strategy that should be taught in
a wide range of L2 instruction classes.departmental bulletin pape
