International Christian University Repository / 国際基督教大学リポジトリ
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A Study on the Reading Strategies Used by 3 Heritage Speakers of Japanese at University Level: Comparative Analysis of Think-aloud Protocols
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Negotiations and Boundary-Setting in an Illiberal Democracy: The Politics of the Exclusion / Inclusion / Excessive Inclusion of the Ochanomizu University Institute for Gender Research
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A Study on the Possibility for Authorization for Unapproved Modern Contraceptives Considering from Approval Process of Contraceptive Pill in Japan: Toward Better Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights of Women Living in Japan
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Event report：Talk Session: Let’s Talk about Pregnancy, Childbirth and Parenting on Campus! #7
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Transition of Mikado in Taketori Monogatari: Its Significance in the Original Version and Image of Mikado in History of Its Acceptance
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Policy Brief: Strengthening the Evaluative Mechanism for Ontario’s Strategic Mandate Agreement (SMA) in the Provincial Post- Secondary Education Sector
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Usage of “ee” Uttered by Women in Literary Works: A Reading of Nobuko by Miyamoto Yuriko, Aru Onna by Arishima Takeo and Hana Monogatari by Yoshiya Nobuko
Get PDF『伸子』（1924 ～ 1926）『或る女』（1911 ～ 1913）『花物語』（1916 ～ 1924）におけ
る応答詞「ええ」の使用状況を調べた結果、「『ええ』＋常体」という形を使っているの
は女性のみという点で3 作品において共通点が見られた。つまり、男性は「ええ」を敬
体の会話でしか使用していなかったのに対し、女性は「ええ」を敬体のみならず常体で
も使用していたということである。
換言すると「ええ」は、男性にとっては改まった表現であるが、女性にとっては、フォー
マルでもあり、またくだけた会話でも使える表現だということになる。本結果は『痴人
の愛』（1924 ～ 1925）を対象とした2017 年の調査結果を補完する結果となっている。
1911 年から1924 年頃、つまり明治末期から大正期にかけての「ええ」の使用傾向の
一端を示していると考察した。
最後に、応答詞「ええ」の歴史的変遷、および現代における使用状況の調査を今後の
調査課題として挙げた。This research examined the usage of the response “ee” in Nobuko (1924-1926), Aru Onna
(1911-1913), and Hana Monogatari (1916-1924). The following aspect was found in these three
works: only women used “ee” in daily conversation. In other words, men used “ee” in formal
conversation only. In contrast, women used “ee” in both everyday conversation and formal
conversation. Therefore, for men, “ee” is a formal responsive expression, whereas for women, “ee”
can be used in both everyday conversation and formal conversation.
As these results support the findings of the 2018 research on Chijin no ai (1924-1926), we
concluded that the research captures, to a certain degree, the usage and characteristics of “ee”
from 1911 to 1924 (the late Meiji era to the Taisho era).
In the conclusion, further research questions are presented, which include an investigation on
the historical changes of “ee” and an investigation on the usage of “ee” in our present time.departmental bulletin pape
