Mediamusic (E-Journal)
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Actual postoperative protein and calorie intake in patients undergoing major open abdominal cancer surgery:A prospective, observational cohort study
No full textBackgroundAdequate nutritional protein and energy intake are required for optimal postoperative recovery. There are limited studies reporting the actual postoperative protein and energy intake within the first week after major abdominal cancer surgery. The main objective of this study was to quantify the protein and energy intake after major abdominal cancer surgery.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study. Nutrition intake was assessed with a nutrition diary. The amount of protein and energy consumed through oral, enteral, and parenteral nutrition was recorded and calculated separately. Based on the recommendations of the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN), protein and energy intake were considered insufficient when patients receivedFifty patients were enrolled in this study. Mean daily protein and energy intake was 0.61 +/- 0.44 g/kg/day and 9.58 +/- 3.33 kcal/kg/day within the first postoperative week, respectively. Protein and energy intake were insufficient in 45 [90%] and 41 [82%] of the 50 patients, respectively. Patients with Clavien-Dindo grade >= III complications consumed less daily protein compared with the group of patients without complications and patients with grade I or II complications.ConclusionDuring the first week after major abdominal cancer surgery, the majority of patients do not consume an adequate amount of protein and energy. Incorporating a registered dietitian into postoperative care and adequate nutrition support after major abdominal cancer surgery should be a standard therapeutic goal to improve nutrition intake.</p
Attitudes and Perceptions of Parenthood Among Young Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer
No full textPurpose: Increasing numbers of childhood cancer survivors enter adulthood and encounter decisions surrounding parenthood. However, limited research has systematically examined how childhood cancer may influence parenthood attitudes among survivors.Methods: Adult survivors of childhood cancer, who had or wanted to have children (N = 77; M-age = 30.2 years, range: 22-43; 91% White), rated their perceived impact of cancer at enrollment and parenthood attitudes using the "Attitudes to Parenthood After Cancer Scale" 2 years later. First, internal consistencies for the parenthood measure were examined, and modified subscales were proposed. Second, hierarchical stepwise regressions analyzed the contribution of background factors and cancer's impact on parenthood attitudes.Results: Reevaluation of parenthood items yielded four subscales with improved internal consistency (alpha's > .78): improved parenting due to cancer, no children due to cancer, concerns about a (potential) child's health, and parenthood desire irrespective of own health concerns. Already having children (n = 38) was related to more favorable ratings on most subscales. Older age was associated with perceiving improved parenting due to cancer (r = .24) and shorter time since diagnosis was related to considering having no children due to cancer (r = -.23). Hierarchical stepwise regressions reconfirmed parenthood status as related to more favorable parenting attitudes. Cancer preoccupation and perceiving cancer as a most difficult life experience predicted more concerns toward parenthood (R-2 = .044-.216).Conclusions: Parenthood attitudes were more favorable among survivors with children, who were older, and/or further into survivorship. Survivors burdened by their cancer experience reported more concerns about parenthood. Childhood cancer may shape parenthood perceptions positively and negatively, warranting further research to inform interventions.</p
Foreign versus local control of Spanish private subsidiaries and modified audit opinions
No full textThis paper studies the relation between foreign control and the likelihood of receiving modified audit opinions (MAOs) by private subsidiaries. To further analyze this relation, we partition MAOs based on theirunderlying reason: GAAP violations; opacity; and uncertainties, including going concern (GCUs) and other(non-GCUs). We observe a significantly greater incidence of MAOs in subsidiaries owned by foreign groupsthan in those with a local parent company. This result is mainly driven by opacity related MAOs. The evidence of a higher incidence of GAAP violation and non-GCU related MAOs in foreign owned subsidiaries isinconclusive; and MAOs related to GCUs are significantly less frequent in subsidiaries of foreign groups. Incontrast to the results found in the public setting, our findings suggest that foreign control in the privatesetting is associated with more opaque companies. This study contributes to a better understanding of theeffects of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the host-country, at the company level
‘I actually know that things will get better’:The many pathways to resilience of LGBTQIA+ youth in out-of-home care
No full textResearch on the lives of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, asexual and other forms of sexual identities and orientations (LGBTQIA+) youth in care has mainly examined their experiences from a risk-based approach, while few studies have explored their resilience experiences. Using in-depth interviews, the present study aims to illuminate the resilience experiences of 13 LGBTQIA+ young people in out-of-home care in the Netherlands. Four themes emerged from their narratives: relationships that support and empower; construction of a positive identity around their sexual orientation and gender identity and expression (SOGIE); community involvement and self-relying strategies. Our findings support the view of resilience as a complex process that shows at an individual, interpersonal and social level
EMOTIVITY AS A METHOD OF FORMATION A COMMUNICATIVE PERSONALITY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF A NON-VERBAL ARTISTIC DISCOURSE)
No full textAt the heart of this article, an emotivity is a way to achieve the unity of cognitive and sense-forming activity of consciousness, which is isomorphic in relation to the language as a system. It has been proven that the language is based on interaction of non-verbal and verbal elements. On the one hand, it appears at the level of the information system as an actual self-organizing "device" inherent in any natural organism (linguistic reflex) and responsible for the cognitive process (the Given). On the other hand, the language appears at the level of a conceptual system acting as a potential phenomenon is related to human activity (thought activity) aimed at the reorganizing an information system (the Created) and responsible for the process of a meaning formation (reflection). It has been established, the acquisition of the supra-natural unity of verbal and non-verbal elements is carried out within the framework of the conceptual system and is associated with the following necessity. First, to decode a verbal sign in order to actualize the non-verbal experience (or otherwise, the non-verbalized personal meaning). Second, to encode the non-verbal experiences in order to verbalize the non-verbalized personal meaning. The article shows that the process of decoding verbal elements (like the process of encoding non-verbal elements) is carried out under a sign of the emotivity. By initiating the motivation of the process of meaning, the emotivity conditions the transition from "indifferent meaning" to "meaning for me". At the same time, actual emotives act as markers of the information system, if in them the emotion of the speaking person is expressed either at the level of emotive meaning (bastard, clever, etc.), either at the level of connotation (bunny, sheep). Potential emotives (potentials) act as markers of the conceptual system. The authors refer to a non-verbal discourse used as an example. In the first case, it is the plastic speech of Mikhail Baryshnikov, who enters into artistic communication with the audio recording of Vladimir Vysotsky's song Fastidious Horses. In the second case, it is Andrei Rublev's visual discourse The Trinity icon.
DIGITAL MUSICAL POST-FOLKLORISM : TO THE PROBLEM OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PHENOMENON
No full textThis paper explores the problem of musical post-folklorism from the point of view of the existence of folk music at the present stage in the composer's works (in the arranger's works) in the digital environment and in the educational environment. The authors propose and consider the concepts of "musical-computer post-folklorism", "digital musical post-folklorism", and they try to generalize the existence of musical folklore in the modern sound space. New definitions are correlated with the concepts of "folklorism", "music folklorism", "post-folklorizm", other phenomena of the "post-culture" and are seen as reflecting the existence of folklore in modern musical culture, as well as in the "post-culture" in general. The digital and musical-computer technologies are presented as a new space for the functioning of folk music. The authors came to the conclusion that it is necessary to discuss the proposed terminology in order to understand the latest processes taking place in the world of musical-computer technologies and the phenomena of digital post-folklorism in music, related with them. The main features of digital post-folklorism in music are proposed. There are the folklore musical basis, the authorship (composer, arranger), and the research conditions of occurrence in the digital environment.http://mediamusic-journal.com/Issues/12_3.htm
Addressing Electroconvulsive Therapy Knowledge Gaps and Stigmatized Views Among Nursing Students Through a Psychiatrist-APRN Didactic Partnership
No full textBACKGROUND:Knowledge gaps and stigmatized perceptions regarding electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) among patients and health providers contribute to the underutilization of an important therapeutic modality. The proactive education of future advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) provides an opportunity to optimize the use of this evidence-based clinical practice.AIMS:As part of a general course in psychiatry during the first year of nursing school, we dedicated 1 hour to treatment-refractory depression, including ECT, and a second hour to a summary discussion of mood disorders. We evaluated the efficacy of this didactic offering, which was co-taught by a psychiatrist and a psychiatric APRN.METHOD:At baseline, consenting students (n= 94) provided three words they associated with ECT and then completed three validated instruments: (a) Questionnaire on Attitudes and Knowledge of ECT, (b) Opening Minds Stigma Scale for Health Care Providers, and (c) Self-Stigma of Seeking Help. Among the 67 students who repeated the assessment at endpoint, 39 attended the ECT didactic (Intervention group, 58%) and 28 did not (Control, 42%).RESULTS:After completion of the 3-month course, students showed improvement across all measures (p<.001). The only outcomes that improved differentially between the Intervention and Control groups were the Questionnaire on Attitudes and Knowledge of ECT Attitudes and Knowledge scales (p= .01). Word choice valence associated with ECT shifted favorably by endpoint (p<.001).CONCLUSIONS:An educational intervention co-led by a psychiatric-mental health APRN had a significant impact on nursing students' knowledge and perceptions of ECT. This approach can be readily implemented at other institutions. Future refinements will include the videotaped depiction of a simulated patient undergoing the consent, treatment, and recovery phases of ECT.</p
The Theory, Practice, and Interpretation of Customary International Law
No full textAlthough customary international law (CIL) has been central to international law from its inception, it is often misunderstood. This edited volume remedies that problem by tracing the history of CIL and provides an in-depth study of its theory, practice, and interpretation. Its chapters tackle the big questions which surround this source of international law such as: what are the rules that regulate the functioning of CIL as a source of international law? Can CIL be interpreted? Where do lines between identification, interpretation, application, and modification of a rule of CIL lie? Using recent developments, this volume revisits old debates and resolves them by proffering new and innovative solutions. With detailed examples from international and national courts, it places CIL in a range of settings to explain, explore and reflect upon this developing and highly significant field. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core
Does the group matter? Effects of trust, cultural diversity, and group formation on engagement in group work in higher education
No full textGroup work is a common active learning strategy in higher education when the goal is to enhance deep learning and develop teamwork skills. Culturally diverse learning groups are particularly valuable in preparing university students to participate in a globalized world. Student engagement in group work is critical in realizing these benefits. Therefore, more insight into what factors promote engagement is necessary. This study investigates the extent to which trust in the group, cultural diversity in the group, and group formation contribute to behavioral and cognitive engagement in group work. A questionnaire was filled out by 1025 bachelor’s students from six universities in the Netherlands and Canada. Structural equation modeling analyses identified students’ trust in the group as the strongest positive predictor of both behavioral and cognitive engagement. Greater perceived cultural diversity was found to promote behavioral and cognitive engagement, but compared with trust, the impacts were relatively small. Whether students could choose their group members did not affect behavioral or cognitive engagement significantly. Contrary to what was expected, trust did not act as a mediator. That is, cultural diversity and group formation did not indirectly affect engagement through trust. These findings prompt some suggestions for how to enhance student engagement in group work
A physically active lifestyle is related to a lower level of skin autofluorescence in a large population with chronic-disease (LifeLines cohort)
No full textBackground: Physical activity (PA) has substantial health benefits and is important in combatting chronic diseases, which have been associated with elevated levels of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). AGEs play a role in the aging process, and an association between PA and AGEs has been reported. We aimed to investigate the relationship between PA and AGE accumulation in a general population and in a population with chronic diseases.Methods: This large cross-sectional population study used data from adult participants in the LifeLines project, with participant information drawn from the LifeLines database as well data from patients with diabetes mellitus or renal and/or cardiovascular diseases. Tissue AGE accumulation was assessed non-invasively by skin-autofluorescence (SAF) using an AGE reader (DiagnOptics Technologies BV, Groningen, the Netherlands). PA was assessed using the short questionnaire to assess health-enhancing physical activity (SQUASH). Multivariate linear regression analyses were adjusted for age, body mass index, sex, and smoking status.Results: Data from 63,452 participants (general population n = 59,177, chronic disease n = 4275) were analyzed. The general population was significantly younger (43.58 +/- 11.77 years, mean +/- SD) and had significantly lower SAF (1.90 +/- 0.42 arbitrary units (AU)) compared to the population with chronic disease (age: 55.51 +/- 12.07 years; SAF: 2.27 +/- 0.51 AU). In the group with chronic disease, more hours of moderate to vigorous physical activities per week were associated with lower SAF (beta= -0.002, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): -0.002 to -0.001). For the general population, there was no association between hours of moderate to vigorous activity and SAF (beta= 3.2 x 10(-5), 95%CI: 0.000-0.001, p = 0.742). However, there was an association in the general population between total hours of PA per week and SAF (beta= 4.2 x 10(-4), 95%CI: 0.000-0.001, p < 0.001), but this association was not found in the chronic disease population (beta = -3.2 x 10(-4), 95%CI: -0.001 to 0.000, p = 0.347).Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that an inverse relationship exists between PA and AGE accumulation in the population with chronic disease. More hours of moderate to vigorous activity is associated with a significantly decreased SAF. More PA is associated with a lower SAF, even after adjusting for the established predictors (age, body mass index, smoking status, and sex). Our findings could help to promote health and prolong longevity.</p