Mediamusic (E-Journal)
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Verschilt het effect van Expliciete Directe Instructie (EDI) op de leerprestaties tussen hoogbegaafde basisschoolleerlingen en andere leerlingen, en zo ja, aan welke eisen moet de inzet van EDI voldoen om effectief bij te dragen aan het leren van hoogbegaafde leerlingen? (KR.1012)
No full textGedragscode politieke advertenties blog #2: Een veelbelovende code. Maar zijn beloftes genoeg?
No full textYale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS):Psychometric Quality of the Gold Standard for Tic Assessment Based on the Large-Scale EMTICS Study
No full textThe Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) is a clinician-rated instrument considered as the gold standard for assessing tics in patients with Tourette's Syndrome and other tic disorders. Previous psychometric investigations of the YGTSS exhibit different limitations such as small sample sizes and insufficient methods. To overcome these shortcomings, we used a subsample of the large-scale "European Multicentre Tics in Children Study" (EMTICS) including 706 children and adolescents with a chronic tic disorder and investigated convergent, discriminant and factorial validity, as well as internal consistency of the YGTSS. Our results confirm acceptable convergent and good to very good discriminant validity, respectively, indicated by a sufficiently high correlation of the YGTSS total tic score with the Clinical Global Impression Scale for tics (r(s) = 0.65) and only low to medium correlations with clinical severity ratings of attention deficit/hyperactivity symptoms (r(s) = 0.24), obsessive-compulsive symptoms (r(s) = 27) as well as internalizing symptoms (r(s) = 0.27). Internal consistency was found to be acceptable (omega = 0.58 for YGTSS total tic score). A confirmatory factor analysis supports the concept of the two factors "motor tics" and "phonic tics," but still demonstrated just a marginal model fit (root mean square error of approximation = 0.09 [0.08; 0.10], comparative fit index = 0.90, and Tucker Lewis index = 0.87). A subsequent analysis of local misspecifications revealed correlated measurement errors, suggesting opportunities for improvement regarding the item wording. In conclusion, our results indicate acceptable psychometric quality of the YGTSS. However, taking the wide use and importance of the YGTSS into account, our results suggest the need for further investigations and improvements of the YGTSS. In addition, our results show limitations of the global severity score as a sum score indicating that the separate use of the total tic score and the impairment rating is more beneficial.</p
Intensive covid-19 care in general practice; nationwide registration study, initiated by General Practice Research Consortium Netherlands
No full textInzicht krijgen in: (a) het aantal patiënten dat tijdens de eerste golf van de covid-19-pandemie buiten het ziekenhuis – onder de zorgvan de huisarts – overleed aan de gevolgen van een PCR-bewezen of vermeende SARS-CoV-2-infectie; en (b) het aantal kwetsbarepatiënten met een PCR-bewezen of vermeende SARS-CoV-2-infectie dat in die periode buiten het ziekenhuis intensieve en zo nodigpalliatieve zorg kreeg door de huisarts.METHOD: Registration system initiated by General Practice Research Consortium Netherlands (GPRC-NL).AIM: To obtain national estimates on clinically suspected Covid-19 mortality in general practice and on intensive and palliative covid-19 care provided by general practitioners (GPs) outside hospital, including palliative medication, availability of personal protective equipment, and reasons for not referring to hospital of vulnerable patients during the first three months of the Covid-19 pandemic in The Netherlands.DESIGN: Nationwide registration study, in which 2.331 GP practices in The Netherlands participated from March-June 2020.METHOD: Registration system initiated by General Practice Research Consortium Netherlands (GPRC-NL) through existing digital referral platform ZorgDomein, in which GPs could report PCR-proven and clinically suspected Covid-19 deceased patients to estimate the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic in primary care.RESULTS: GPs reported 1,566 Covid-19 deceased patients, of which 61% (949/1,566) were clinically suspected but not PCR-tested, with large regional differences, and most deaths being reported in the provinces of Brabant and Limburg. Patients had a median duration from onset of symptoms to death of 8 days and a median age of 87 years. GPs reported 1,030 patients for which they delivered intensive or palliative care, of which 56% had a Clinical Frailty Score higher or equal to six. Most mentioned reason for GPs and patients in the decision not going to hospital were the explicit wish of the patient (59%) and somatic vulnerability (52%).CONCLUSION: GPs provided palliative care to a large number of clinically suspected Covid-19 vulnerable patients with large regional differences across The Netherlands. Reported GPs' and patients' considerations to refrain from hospital care can be used to guide future primary care for vulnerable Covid-19 patients.</p
Disentangling Societal Discontent and Intergroup Threat:Explaining Actions Towards Refugees and Towards the State
No full textIn debates about migration in Western countries, citizens’ concerns about immigrant groups often go hand in hand with concerns about the decline of society as a whole. Societal discontent, however, is a distinct concept and may have its own relations with immigration attitudes, over and above the role of perceived immigrant threat. In a survey of a representative sample of Dutch people (N = 1239), we disentangled societal discontent from intergroup threat with respect to their relationship with different kinds of action intentions regarding refugees (both pro and anti) and intentions regarding the government. Unsurprisingly, societal discontent predicted support for anti-government protest (which was strikingly high). More importantly, societal discontent independently predicted both pro-refugee and anti-refugee action intentions, over and above intergroup threat. These associations were moderated by intergroup threat: only when refugees were experienced as a threat did discontent predict anti-refugee action intentions. On the other hand, societal discontent predicted more pro-refugee action intentions, but only when people experienced refugees as an enrichment. Thus, despite populist rhetoric, societal discontent is not always tied to anti-immigrant actions. This suggests that refugee sentiments and societal discontent are not exchangeable: societal discontent plays an important role in reactions to immigration
Do daily mood fluctuations activate ruminative thoughts as a mental habit?:Results from an ecological momentary assessment study
No full textIt has been suggested that mental habits may underpin a heightened disposition to engage in rumination in response to negative mood. The aim of the current study was to assess the role of habit in the dynamic interplay between affect and ruminative thinking in the flow of daily life experiences. Using mobile ecological momentary assessment, 97 participants recorded affect and rumination ten times daily over six days, after completing measures of trait ruminative brooding and habitual characteristics of negative thinking (e.g. automaticity, lack of conscious awareness, intent and control). Momentary fluctuations in negative (increased) and positive (decreased) affect was prospectively associated with greater rumination-levels at the next sampling occasion. The degree to which affect triggered a subsequent ruminative response was moderated by habitual characteristics of negative thinking in a theoretically consistent way. Stronger temporal pairing of negative affect and rumination was also associated with greater emotional inertia but less carry-over of rumination from one moment to the next. Depression vulnerability may be in the form of rumination being habitually triggered in response to momentary fluctuations in affect, with deleterious effect on mood. The findings may have clinical implications, as targeting the habitual nature of rumination might help reduce depression vulnerability.</p
White matter alterations in glaucoma and monocular blindness differ outside the visual system
No full textThe degree to which glaucoma has effects in the brain beyond the eye and the visual pathways is unclear. To clarify this, we investigated white matter microstructure (WMM) in 37 tracts of patients with glaucoma, monocular blindness, and controls. We used brainlife.io for reproducibility. White matter tracts were subdivided into seven categories ranging from those primarily involved in vision (the visual white matter) to those primarily involved in cognition and motor control. In the vision tracts, WMM was decreased as measured by fractional anisotropy in both glaucoma and monocular blind subjects compared to controls, suggesting neurodegeneration due to reduced sensory inputs. A test-retest approach was used to validate these results. The pattern of results was different in monocular blind subjects, where WMM properties increased outside the visual white matter as compared to controls. This pattern of results suggests that whereas in the monocular blind loss of visual input might promote white matter reorganization outside of the early visual system, such reorganization might be reduced or absent in glaucoma. The results provide indirect evidence that in glaucoma unknown factors might limit the reorganization as seen in other patient groups following visual loss.</p
An Observational Cohort of First Episode Psychosis in Iran:The Azeri Recent Onset Acute Phase Psychosis Survey (ARAS Cohort) Study Protocol
No full textBackground: Most of our knowledge about the etiology, course, treatment, and outcome of schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders stems from Western countries. Data from populations living in other geographical areas and low- and middle-income countries, with different genomes (ethnicity) and exposomes (e.g., culture and social support, drugs of abuse, religion), will add to our knowledge of this complex disorder.Methods: The Azeri Acute phase/Recent onset psychosis Survey (ARAS) has been initiated to study the course of the disorder in patients with recent-onset psychosis using validated diagnostic tools and a comprehensive outcome monitoring system, aiming to reveal indicators for understanding the risk and resilience factors and for choosing the best-personalized treatment strategy. All participants will be evaluated for clinical signs and symptoms as well as risk and resilience factors and will be followed up for 1, 3, and 5 years for outcomes in several domains. A hierarchical cluster method will be applied to identify the number of clusters for each outcome. Defined models will be applied to assess the predictive value of cognition on symptomatic and functional outcomes at follow-up.Discussion: The ARAS cohort will yield significant academic- (research and education) and care-related achievements. ARAS data and experience will have value both in being a useful model for other parts of this region and in an expansion of the currently available knowledge.</p
Advances in immersive virtual reality interventions for mental disorders:A new reality?
No full textImmersive virtual reality (VR) has been identified as a potentially revolutionary tool for psychological interventions. This study reviews current advances in immersive VR-based therapies for mental disorders. VR has the potential to make psychiatric treatments better and more cost-effective and to make them available to a larger group of patients. However, this may require a new generation of VR therapeutic techniques that use the full potential of VR, such as embodiment, and self-led interventions. VR-based interventions are promising, but further well-designed studies are needed that use novel techniques and investigate efficacy, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of VR interventions compared with current treatments. This will be crucial for implementation and dissemination of VR in regular clinical practice.</p
Crystal structure of an inulosucrase from Halalkalicoccus jeotgali B3T-a halophilic archaeal strain
No full textSeveral archaea harbour genes that code for fructosyltransferase (FTF) enzymes. These enzymes have not been characterized yet at structure-function level, but are of extreme interest in view of their potential role in the synthesis of novel compounds for food, nutrition and pharmaceutical applications. In this study, 3D structure of an inulin-type fructan producing enzyme, inulosucrase (InuHj), from the archaeon Halalkalicoccus jeotgali was resolved in its apo form as well as with bound substrate (sucrose) molecule and first transglycosylation product (1-kestose). This is the first crystal structure of an FTF from halophilic archaea. Its overall five-bladed β-propeller fold is conserved with previously reported FTFs, but also shows some unique features. The InuHj structure is closer to those of Gram-negative bacteria, with exceptions such as residue E266, which is conserved in FTFs of Gram-positive bacteria and has possible role in fructan polymer synthesis in these bacteria as compared to fructooligosaccharide (FOS) production by FTFs of Gram-negative bacteria. Highly negative electrostatic surface potential of InuHj, due to a large amount of acidic residues, likely contributes to its halophilicity. The complex of InuHj with 1-kestose indicates that the residues D287 in the 4B-4C loop, Y330 in 4D-5A and D361 in the unique α2 helix may interact with longer FOSs and facilitate the binding of longer FOS chains during synthesis. The outcome of this work will provide targets for future structure-function studies of FTF enzymes, particularly those from archaea.</p