Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences
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Readiness For Theological Studies, A Study of Faculty Perceptions On the Readiness of Seminarians, 1993
No full textDrosophila as an alternative preclinical model for stress and psychopharmacological research
No full textPreclinical studies of depression and antidepressants currently involve the use of laboratory rodent as animal models. These models mimic behavioral characteristics of the human disorder, such as helplessness, despair, and anhedonia in laboratory animals. Uncontrollable stress may also alter the preference of animals for palatable food, which can be used as a predictive test for antidepressant activity. However, considering the heterogeneous symptomatology of depression and the fact its neurobiology has been not completely elucidated, these animal models still present low validity. Drosophila react to inescapable stress, which indicates their sufficiently complex mechanisms to study neurobiology of stress and depression. Therefore, by applying the ethical principles of animal experimentation such as 3Rs, our project aims to investigate novel methods for antidepressants research by replacing and reducing the use of vertebrates with fruit flies. We aim to create and describe behavioral tests in Drosophila based on the behavioral despair, helplessness, and anhedonia. In addition, we want to validate these tests by analyzing the response to antidepressants of Drosophila, and the possible related structural and biochemical alterations. The results of this research apply the 3Rs principles by promoting the use of Drosophila in the first phases of preclinical studies and development of antidepressants as well as to contribute to a better understanding of the stress response of Drosophila
A comparative study between I-gel and endotracheal tube for airway management in hypertensive patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Get PDFIntroduction: Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation during general anesthesia provoke sympathetic stimulation, resulting in transient but significant hemodynamic changes. These may be detrimental in hypertensive patients. The I-gel, a second-generation supraglottic airway device, may attenuate this response. This study compares the hemodynamic responses and perioperative outcomes of I-gel and endotracheal tube (ETT) in hypertensive patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Method: A hospital-based prospective, non-randomized, comparative observational study was conducted among ASA II hypertensive patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Airway management used I-gel or ETT per anesthesiologist preference, with the first 30 eligible patients assigned to each group. Hemodynamic parameters including heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded at predefined intervals. Ease of insertion and perioperative complications were also compared.
Result: A total of 60 patients were included in the study, with 30 in each group. The demographic parameters were comparable between the two groups. Time for insertion was significantly shorter in the I-gel group (11.34±0.78 s) than in the ETT group (13.42±1.31 s; p<0.0001). At 1 and 3 minutes post-insertion, both HR and MAP were significantly lower in the I-gel group compared to the ETT group. No significant differences were found in insertion attempts. The I-gel group reported fewer postoperative complications such as sore throat and hoarseness.
Conclusion: The I-gel device offers superior hemodynamic stability and ease of insertion in hypertensive patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy, making it a safer alternative to ETT in this population
Socio-demographic and clinical profile of patients visiting the emergency department of Karnali Academy of Health Sciences
Get PDFIntroduction: Emergency departments (ED) are essential access points for immediate medical care, especially in resource-limited settings. Karnali Province, Nepal, is one of the most geographically isolated and socioeconomically disadvantaged regions, where delivering healthcare is hindered by challenging terrain and inadequate resources. The Emergency Department of the Karnali Academy of Health Sciences acts as the primary tertiary care center for this underserved population. This study aimed to analyze the sociodemographic and clinical profiles of patients visiting the ED at KAHS to guide healthcare planning and resource allocation.
Method: A retrospective cross-sectional study utilized medical records from emergency department visits at KAHS from Shrawn 2080 to Ashad 2081 (July 2023–June 2024). Data regarding sociodemographic characteristics, diagnoses, admission status, and discharge types were collected and analyzed through SPSS version 20.
Result: In total, 11,666 patients attended the ED over the period of one year. The average age was 34.92±21.16 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.07:1. The majority of patients were from Chandannath Municipality 3201(27.44%). The most frequently observed conditions were respiratory system diseases 3254(27.89%) and infectious diseases 2619(22.45%). Among all patients, 2979(25.54%) required hospitalization, 1126(37.79%) in internal medicine and 663(22.26%) in surgery (22.26%). Seasonal patterns showed an increase in admissions during the warm seasons.
Conclusion: This research reveals substantial socio-demographic differences and disease burdens in Karnali Province, stressing the importance of targeted measures like mobile health units, preventive initiatives for respiratory and infectious diseases, and enhanced access to specialists. These insights can inform healthcare policy formulation in remote areas
