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Jades: Carbon-enhanced, Nitrogen-normal compact galaxy at z=11.2
Full text linkOver the past few years James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has been a major workhorse in detecting and constraining the metal enrichment of the first galaxies in the early Universe and finding the source of the ionization of their interstellar medium. In this work, we present new deep JWST/NIRSpec spectroscopy of GS-z11-1, a galaxy at z = 11.28, in which we report the detection of multiple rest-frame UV and optical emission lines: CIII]1907,09, CIV]1548,51, [OII]3726,29, [NeIII]3869, H and tentative evidence for HeII1640. The ionization properties of GS-z11-1 are consistent with star formation, with potential contribution from an active galactic nucleus (AGN). We estimate a galaxy stellar mass of log(/M) = 7.80.2 and log(SFR/(M yr)) = 0.320.11 for the fiducial SF-only models. We measured C/O from the SED modelling of C/O = 1.20 solar. This is one of the highest C/O abundances at z 10, and it is consistent with either PopII and PopIII enrichment paths. Despite this source being extremely compact, with a half-light radius of 73 10 pc, we see no increased equivalent width of NIV] and NIII] emission lines as seen in some other compact sources at similar redshifts, a potential signature of second-generation stars in GCs. Overall, this galaxy exhibits low metallicity and high ionization parameter consistent with intense star-formation or AGN activity in the early Universe, possibly observed before the enrichment by the second generation of stars in proto-globular clusters in the core of the galaxy
On the consistency of jet feedback modelling across different astrophysics hydrodynamical codes
Full text linkActive Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) feedback is essential in cosmological simulations of galaxy formation, yet its implementation has to rely on subgrid models due to limited resolution. We present a novel subgrid jet-launching method for galaxy formation simulations and implement it in three hydrodynamical codes: the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) code swift, the moving-mesh code arepo, and the Eulerian grid code pluto. To isolate the impact of hydrodynamical solvers on jet evolution, we compare idealized jets and their remnants in uniform and stratified media across resolutions and jet parameters. In uniform media, all jets drive bow shocks, inflate hot lobes, exhibit backflows, and evolve self-similarly. For the parameters explored, swift lobes are shorter, wider, and hotter; arepo lobes are longer, thinner, and cooler; while pluto lobes display complex flows with intermediate characteristics. In stratified media, jets deviate from self-similar evolution, inflating longer and thinner lobes due to lower external ram pressure. After switch-off, swift jets evolve into smooth cylindrical bubbles, arepo jets produce long filamentary remnants, and pluto jets yield intermediate-length remnants with varying degrees of mixing. Despite such differences, all jets and remnants have a similar impact on the ambient medium. We conclude that variations in lobe properties between codes emerge even for identical subgrid prescriptions, since the coupling of jet feedback to resolvable scales and the effective resolution depend on the hydrodynamical method. In structure formation simulations, these solver differences are likely subdominant to uncertainties in subgrid modelling and calibration, while averaging over galaxy populations may lessen their impact
Co-simulating the effects of nature-based and conventional composite facades on building thermal and energy performance in temperate climates
Full text linkThe choice of building façade materiality and composition plays a significant role in indoor and outdoor thermal comfort as well as energy efficiency. However, the carbon footprint of most construction materials contributes negatively to climate change, reinforcing the need for Net-Zero Carbon Buildings (NZCBs). Incorporating nature-based materials into façade compositions can help minimize carbon emissions in the building sector. However, their effects on indoor-outdoor climate interactions and energy conservation is less well studied. This study analyzed the impact of six different façade compositions —comprising a reference (all concrete), two brick-based designs, two stacked bio-based insulations, and a mixed concrete-bio-based material (hempcrete) — on indoor energy consumption and outdoor thermal conditions using a co-simulation approach with ENVI-met and EnergyPlus. The results showed that during summer, all façade scenarios exhibited warmer external wall surfaces during the daytime, with brick-based walls cooling down while bio-based insulated walls remained warmer at night. In winter, all walls were cooler throughout the day and night. The Mixed Hemp-Crete (MHC) façade consistently stayed cooler across seasons. Other façade compositions influenced ambient air temperature, with daytime warming and nighttime cooling effects observed during summer, indicating the potential of these materials to mitigate urban heat. Peak summer energy consumption increased by 12%–98% across the façade scenarios due to variations in composition, whereas winter energy consumption decreased by 25%–68% compared to the fully concrete façade system. Annually, stacked and mixed bio-based façade scenarios demonstrated a heating consumption reduction of 48%–52%, highlighting their potential to lower energy consumption in regions with long, cold winters. These findings emphasize the significant contribution of nature-based façade materials to global carbon mitigation efforts, offering a promising pathway toward achieving NZCBs
Temporal dynamics of co-inoculation of Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa determine interspecific competition and disease development on oilseed rape : Co-inoculation timing affects disease development
Full text linkBackground: Phoma stem canker is one of the most economically damaging diseases of oilseed rape, caused by co-existing fungal pathogens Leptosphaeria maculans (Plenodomus lingam) and L. biglobosa (P. biglobosus). Our previous work showed that timing of their co-inoculation affects their interspecific interactions in vitro, and that L. biglobosa can inhibit the growth of L. maculans if it is inoculated before or up to one day after L. maculans. However, the effects of timing of co-inoculation on their interspecific interactions within host plants are not fully understood. Results: The interactions between L. maculans and L. biglobosa were investigated in planta by inoculation with L. maculans first, followed by L. biglobosa sequentially 1, 3 or 5 days later or vice versa, or L. maculans and L. biglobosa co-inoculated simultaneously; controls were inoculation with L. maculans only, L. biglobosa only or sterilised distilled water. The results showed that L. biglobosa can inhibit the growth of L. maculans locally if it is inoculated before or up to one day after L. maculans in planta. Conclusion: The results of this study provide evidence that the time L. maculans and L. biglobosa meet and interact on their host significantly affects the interspecific competition and subsequent disease severity. L. biglobosa can deploy multiple interspecific competition strategies against L. maculans to have local and systemic effects on the host to outcompete L. maculans. There is a need to investigate and model the factors affecting the timing of ascospore release and subsequent interactions to develop better control strategies
A Discrete Memristive Hopfield Neural Network With Grid Multi-structure/scroll-like Attractors
Full text linkIn constructing memristive neural networks, memristors’ intrinsic memory and synapse plasticity characteristics endow the neural networks with complex nonlinear dynamics. However, discrete memristive neural networks with grid multi-structure/scroll-like attractors have not been reported. In this work, a novel discrete memristive Hopfield neural network (DMHNN) is presented by coupling a discrete memristor simulating the mutual synapse into a Hopfield neural network. Multi-structure/scroll-like hyperchaotic attractors are revealed under the control of coupling strength. Interestingly, by adjusting the network parameters, the system can generate diverse grid-structure/scroll-like attractors with different arrangements, which is a chaotic behavior that previous discrete neural networks do not possess. For different sets of network parameters, DMHNN can exhibit multidirectional initial offset-boosting phenomena and can control an arbitrary number of coexisting homogeneous attractors. FPGA-based hardware circuit is designed, and grid multi-structure/scroll-like attractors are successfully implemented. Furthermore, DMHNN is applied to a pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) to evaluate its randomness performance
Psychoactive Synthetic Adulterants in Tablets Sold as MDMA after the COVID-19 Pandemic : Implications for Central Effects
No full textINTRODUCTION: Preclinical and clinical studies reported that 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, 'ecstasy') can cause adverse effects in the central nervous system (CNS). Recently, preclinical studies have demonstrated that certain psychoactive substances may exacerbate the noxious central effects of MDMA when co-administered, including substances that are contained as adulterants in tablets sold as MDMA in the illegal market. Since the quality and quantity of adulterants in tablets sold as MDMA vary based on factors, such as the year and the geographical region of production, this may result in diverse health risks for people who use MDMA. OBJECTIVES: This review provides a concise overview of: i) composition of tablets sold as MDMA in Continental Europe, UK, USA and Australia in the post COVID-19 pandemic period; ii) recent preclinical and clinical findings about the central effects of the psychoactive adulterants most commonly found in tablets sold as MDMA in the above areas; and iii) the possible adverse CNS effects of these adulterants in humans when taken in combination with MDMA. METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies published between 2020 and 2025 using terms related to "adulterants", "MDMA tablets composition," "COVID-19". Eligible articles were screened for quality, with emphasis on recent, high-impact contributions. Extracted papers included cytotoxicity studies, neurobehavioral outcomes, and mechanistic insights. RESULTS: Tablets sold as MDMA are frequently and differently adulterated in Continental Europe, the UK, the USA, and Australia. DISCUSSION: The possible interactions between MDMA and psychoactive adulterants contained in tablets sold as MDMA deserve attention, since they may potentially explain some of the noxious neurological and psychiatric effects that have been described in people who use MDMA. CONCLUSION: Ongoing public health efforts and expansion of drug checking are essential to properly inform MDMA users about the risks associated with psychoactive contaminants, first responders, healthcare professionals, and the general public about the possible detrimental consequences for health associated with the use of MDMA obtained from illicit sources and unintended contaminant consumption
IWG Progress Report 2022-2026 Quantitative Dataset
Full text linkThe quantitative dataset from the IWG progress report 2022-2026. It represents all quantitative responses to the survey
Emerging Immunotherapy Options in HER-2-PositiveMetastatic Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis on Clinical Effectiveness and Safety of T-DM1, Trastuzumab-Pertuzumab, and Trastuzumab Deruxtecan
Full text linkHER-2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) remains a clinical challenge due to its aggressive nature and resistance to conventional therapies. This meta-analysis compares the clinical effectiveness and safety profiles of three key targeted immunotherapies: trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1), trastuzumab−pertuzumab, and trastuzumab deruxtecan, focusing on overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and adverse event profiles. Eligible studies were retrieved from PubMed and filtered for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between January 2019 and June 2024. Nonrandomized studies, reviews, and editorials were excluded. Data from four studies were included in the meta-analysis, which was performed using RevMan software. The findings show that T-DM1 presents a favorable balance between efficacy and safety, particularly in patients with prior trastuzumab-based treatments. While trastuzumab deruxtecan demonstrated superior efficacy in heavily pretreated patients, it was associated with a higher risk of severe adverse events, particularly interstitial lung disease (ILD). Trastuzumab−pertuzumab remains the preferred first-line treatment but shows reduced effectiveness in later treatment lines. Overall, while all three treatment regimens provide significant benefits for patients with HER-2-positive MBC, T-DM1 emerges as a safer option for patients with cardiotoxicity risks. Trastuzumab−pertuzumab offers the best balance between efficacy and safety, while trastuzumab deruxtecan offers superior effectiveness in patients with advanced disease stages. These findings emphasize the importance of personalized treatment plans in optimizing clinical outcomes
She isn’t allowed to get upset about that”: Parenting narratives, caregiving behaviour and child attachment in families of autistic children in middle childhood
Full text linkThis project explored the relational context between parents and theirautistic children in middle childhood. Familial, parental and child factorsmay significantly impact outcomes for autistic children, and represent avital area for research. Specifically, the influence of the caregiverrepresentations, child attachment patterns and parent-child interactionsupon each other were investigated. All three constructs were separatelyassessed in 11 parent-child dyads (22 participants), with children aged 6-11 years who had received a diagnosis of autism. The study employed amultiple case-study methodology utilising Miles and Huberman’sabductive method of data reduction, display and conclusion development,to explore the complexity and connections in the data. The projecthighlighted high levels of adversity in the backgrounds of parents of theautistic children; an elevated level of unbalanced caregivingrepresentations amongst the parents; and evidence of high-riskattachment patterns identified in the autistic children. Looking at theinteraction of these factors, the study showed:1. the relational nature of the behaviour of the autistic children;2. mutual difficulties with emotional engagement, intimacy and co-regulation of affect;3. the irreducibly unique nature of the relationships between autisticchildren and their parents, suggesting a need for bespoke, idiographicunderstanding of them rather than one size fits all explanations;4. that security and sensitivity can co-exist with an autism diagnosis,highlighting the limits of attachment theory to explain all difficultiesexperienced by these families.We suggest that a systemic attachment framework may broaden clinicaland research enquiry, revealing the multiple challenges these families arefacing, and the significant strengths and resources possessed, offeringnew avenues of support
Moving load on elastic structures: passage through the wave speed barriers
Full text linkThe asymptotic behaviour of an elastically supported infinite string and an elastic isotropic half plane (in frames of specific asymptotic model) under a moving point load are studied. The main results of this work are uniform asymptotic formulae and the asymptotic profile for the string and the exact solution and uniform asymptotic formulae for a half plane. The crucial assumption for both structures is that the acceleration is sufficiently small. In order to describe asymptotically the oscillations of an infinite string auxiliary canonical functions are introduced, asymptotically analyzed and tabulated. Using these functions uniform asymptotic formulae for the string under constant accelerating and decelerating point loads are obtained. Approximate formulae for the displacement in the vicinity of the point load and the singularity area behind the shock wave using the steady speed asymptotic expansion with additional contributions from stationary points where appropriate are derived. It is shown how to generalise uniform asymptotic results to the arbitrary acceleration case. As an example these results are applied for the case of sinusoidal load speed. It is shown that the canonical functions can successfully be used in the arbitrary acceleration case as well. The graphical comparative analysis of numerical solu- tion and approximations is provided for different moving load speed intervals and values of the parameters. Vibrations of an elastic half plane are studied within the framework of the asymp- totic model suggested by J. Kaplunov et al. in 2006. Boundary conditions for the main problem are obtained as a solution for the problem of a string on the surface of a half plane subject to uniformly accelerated moving load. The exact solution over the interior of the half plane is derived with respect to boundary conditions. Steady speed and Rayleigh wave speed asymptotic expansions are obtained. In the neighborhood of the Rayleigh speed the uniform asymptotic formulae are derived. Some of their interesting properties are discovered and briefly studied. The graphical comparative analysis of the exact solution and approximations is provided for different moving load speed intervals and values of the parameters