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Globalización en el contexto de la desigualdad social: ¿cómo garantizar la salud global?
Get PDFWe can approach globalization from the perspective of impacts or defects, abundance and wealth or poverty and misery, where the rich increase their fortune while the poor drown in their penuries. These are some thoughts that crossed the minds of students and teachers of the doctorate in nursing at the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil, after reading the “Globalization, Poverty and Health” article, the critical analysis of the film “Encounter with Milton Santos or the Global World Seen from This Side” and the debate on the book “Globalization and Social Sciences”.
Globalization is a process of economic, social and cultural development that has bloomed in the past two or three decades and entails the strengthening of social relations that connect distant countries, fostering the rapid dissemination of local events that can be accessed by anyone around the world. However, many authors and organizations continue to criticize this process. Almost-irreversible inequalities have settled in developing countries, making us reflect on the extent to which economic, political, and cultural discrepancies among human beings are acceptable in the light of the ethical and moral concerns.
How to cite this article: Alvim AL. Globalização no contexto da desigualdade social: como garantir a saúde global? Rev Cuid. 2019; 10(3): e810. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v10i3.810Podemos discutir a globalização na ótica de seus efeitos ou defeitos, do ponto de vista da fartura e da riqueza ou da miséria e pobreza, onde o rico fortalece sua fortuna e o pobre afunda na sua penúria. Essas são algumas reflexões que emergiram após leitura do artigo “Globalização, pobreza e saúde”, uma análise crítica do filme “Encontro com Milton Santos: o mundo global visto do lado de cá” e debate do livro “A globalização e as ciências sociais”, com alunos e professores de doutorado em enfermagem da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brasil.
Globalização é um processo econômico, social e cultural que se estabeleceu nas últimas duas ou três décadas e diz respeito intensificação das relações sociais que unem países distantes, promovendo a rápida disseminação de eventos locais para todo o mundo. No entanto, este processo ainda é bastante criticado por autores e organizações. As desigualdades instaladas de forma quase irreversível nos países em desenvolvimento nos faz refletir sobre até que ponto é aceitável as discrepâncias econômicas, políticas e culturais entre seres humanos, levando em conta os aspectos éticos e morais.
Como citar este artigo: Alvim AL. Globalização no contexto da desigualdade social: como garantir a saúde global? Rev Cuid. 2019; 10(3): e810. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v10i3.810Podemos discutir sobre la globalización desde la óptica de sus efectos o defectos, desde el punto de vista de la abundancia y la riqueza o de la miseria y la pobreza, donde el rico aumenta su fortuna y el pobre se ahoga en sus penurias. Estas son algunas reflexiones que surgieron tras la lectura del artículo “Globalización, pobreza y salud”, el análisis crítico de la película “Encuentro con Milton Santos: el mundo global visto desde este lado” y el debate sobre el libro “La globalización y las ciencias sociales”, realizados entre alumnos y profesores del doctorado en enfermería de la Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brasil.
La globalización es un proceso económico, social y cultural que se estableció en las últimas dos o tres décadas y que se refiere a la intensificación de las relaciones sociales que unen a países distantes, promoviendo la rápida divulgación de eventos locales al alcance de todo el mundo. Sin embargo, muchos autores y organizaciones aún son críticos de este proceso. Las desigualdades instaladas de forma casi irreversible en los países en desarrollo nos hace reflexionar sobre hasta qué punto son aceptables las discrepancias económicas, políticas y culturales entre seres humanos, a la luz de los aspectos éticos y morales.
Como citar este artículo: Alvim AL. Globalização no contexto da desigualdade social: como garantir a saúde global? Rev Cuid. 2019; 10(3): e810. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v10i3.81
Sobrecarga de cuidadores idosos que cuidam de idosos dependentes
Get PDFIntrodução: Com a atual transição demográfica, o número de idosos está aumentando e com isso aumenta a demanda por cuidado. O processo de tornar-se cuidador é complexo e envolve mudanças no cotidiano e na saúde do cuidador, principalmente quando o cuidador também é idoso. Nesse sentido, objetiva-se conhecer as repercussões causadas no cotidiano de cuidadores de idosos que cuidam de idosos dependentes. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo observacional, descritivo, com delineamento qualitativo, realizado com cuidadores de idosos que cuidam de outros idosos. Entrevistamos 39 idosos cuidadores. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se a entrevista, orientada por um roteiro semiestruturado com o uso de mídia digital do tipo gravação de áudio. Para a análise dos dados, utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo temática proposta por Minayo. Resultados: Três categorias temáticas foram propostas: Transformação da rotina; ser cuidador idoso sem conhecimento; e desequilíbrio emocional e físico. Discussão: Portanto, é possível ver que os cuidadores de idosos para se tornar cuidadores passam por uma intensa transformação da rotina quando se refere à retenção domiciliar, isolamento social, deixando o vulnerável a população dependência psicológica e física junto com o próprio condição fisiológica do envelhecimento. O baixo desempenho do serviço de Atenção Primária à Saúde foi verificado, no sentido de orientações e ações educativas. Conclusões: A grande sobrecarga sofrida pelos cuidadores de idosos foi marcante, principalmente quando esse cuidador também é idoso, com características e necessidades semelhantes às dos idosos dependentes. Destaca-se a necessidade de maiores investimentos em ações educativas pela atenção básica.Como citar este artigo: Santos WP, Freitas FBD, Sousa VAG, Oliveira AMD, Santos JMMP, Gouveia BLA. Sobrecarga de cuidadores idosos que cuidam de idosos dependentes. Rev Cuid. 2019; 10(2): e607. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v10i2.60
Mudança climática, alguns aspectos a serem considerados para a sobrevivência do ser vivo: revisão sistemática da literatura
Get PDFIntroduction: The problem of global climate change that the planet is experiencing must be continually shown so that countries achieve an objective and consistent view, and plans and policies for environmental management are expeditiously developed. The aim is to provide –on a consolidated and up-to-date basis– information on climate change to be considered in decision-making concerning its impact on survival. Materials and Methods: Work was based on the literature review about climate-change aspects in the survival of life on earth; physical (libraries) and virtual (Bireme, Medline, PudMed, Scielo) databases were queried for this purpose. Results: Five key elements to be highlighted from the review: The evidence of climate change; climate change itself and its media construction; climate, its change and impact on health; global policy and climate change; and ecosystems conservation in Latin America. Discussion: Climate change is based on broad theoretical framework that must be shown in concise and up-to-date manner to contribute to decision-making about the mitigation of and adaptation to its adverse impacts on the survival of life on earth. Conclusions: Any action for the prevention, mitigation or adaptation to climate change requires current information to ensure its success after implementation, due to the diversity of impacts and vulnerability suffered by populations in different regions around the world.
How to cite this article: Bastidas GA, Hernández R. Cambio climático algunos aspectos a leonsiderar para la supervivencia del ser vivo: revisión sistemática de la literatura. Rev Cuid. 2019; 10(3): e664. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v10i3.664Introducción: La problemática del cambio climático global que experimenta el planeta debe ser continuamente mostrada con el propósito de lograr en los países una visión objetiva y coherente y facilitar el desarrollo de planes y políticas de manejo medio ambiental. El objetivo fue proporcionar de forma consolidada y actualizada información sobre cambio climático a considerar en la toma de conciencia sobre su efecto para la supervivencia. Materiales y Métodos: Se basó en la revisión de literatura sobre aspectos del cambio climático en la supervivencia de la vida en la tierra, para ello se recurrió a bases de datos físicas (bibliotecas) y virtuales (Bireme/OPS, Medline, PudMed, Scielo). Resultados: De la revisión destacan cinco elementos claves: La evidencia del cambio climático; el cambio climático y su construcción mediática; el clima, su cambio y efecto sobre la salud; la política global y cambio climático; y los ecosistemas en materia de conservación en América Latina. Discusión: El cambio climático tiene un amplio cuerpo teórico de cimiento que debe presentarse de forma concisa y actualizada en procura de favorecer la toma de decisiones en la mitigación y adaptación de los efectos adversos que de él se deriva para la supervivencia de la vida en la tierra. Conclusiones: Toda acción de prevención, mitigación o adaptación a cambio climáticos requiere de información actual con el fin de garantizar el éxito una vez instauradas, debido a la diversidad de impactos y vulnerabilidad que tienen las poblaciones en distintas regiones del mundo.
Como citar este artículo: Bastidas GA, Hernández R. Cambio climático algunos aspectos a considerar para la supervivencia del ser vivo: revisión sistemática de la literatura. Rev Cuid. 2019; 10(3): e664. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v10i3.664Introdução: O problema da mudança climática no mundo que está vivenciando o planeta deve ser continuamente mostrado para os países puderem ter uma visão objetiva e coerente e facilitar o desenvolvimento de planos e de políticas de gestão ambiental. O objetivo foi fornecer informações consolidadas e atualizadas sobre a mudança climática que devem ser consideradas para a conscientização sobre seu efeito na sobrevivência. Materiais e Métodos: O estudo esteve baseado na revisão da literatura sobre aspectos da mudança climática na sobrevivência da vida na Terra e para isso, foram utilizados bancos de dados físicos (bibliotecas) e virtuais (Bireme/OPS, Medline, PudMed, Scielo). Resultados: Cinco elementos-chave se destacam da revisão: as evidências da mudança climática; a mudança climática e sua construção na mídia; o clima, sua mudança e efeito na saúde; a política global e a mudança climática; e os ecossistemas de conservação na América Latina. Discussão: A mudança climática tem um amplo corpo teórico de fundamentação que deve ser apresentado de forma concisa e atualizada, a fim de favorecer a tomada de decisão na redução e adaptação dos efeitos adversos derivados provocados por ela para a sobrevivência da vida no planeta. Conclusões: Qualquer ação de prevenção, mitigação ou adaptação em relação à mudança climática exige informações atualizadas para garantir que tenha sucesso quando seja estabelecida, devido à diversidade de impactos e à vulnerabilidade das populações em diferentes regiões do mundo.
Como citar este artigo: Bastidas GA, Hernández R. Cambio climático algunos aspectos a considerar para la supervivencia del ser vivo: revisión sistemática de la literatura. Rev Cuid. 2019; 10(3): e664. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v10i3.66
La Motivación base fundamental en el proceso enseñanza aprendizaje.
Get PDFThe motivation is a fundamental factor in all the contexts of the diary to live, and this one plays a basic paper(role) in universitystudents who want to be successful in the trascurso/tiempo of preparation as professional futures, but in the methodologies of education thehuman formation(training) is left of side to take specialized men as a final result and with great human sense in what is it trumped? Which isthe importance of the motivation in the students\u27 formation(training) of top education? Is it necessary to revolutionize and to introducemethodologies?Surely the response is in the implementation of new strategies of education for the students as Jesus Amaya Guerra affirms it. It is necessaryto give an approach more centered that it(he,she) is constructivista and allows pulir to the professional future. It is necessary to to go beyondthe simple fact of wanting to achieve an aim(lens), always with a critical look that could satisfy any worry(restlessness) or insecurity that arises,in order solve challenges and goals be planned immediately afterwards(continuously) for the personal and professional development, but thatthese always are tied to the factors epistemological and cognitive.La motivación es un factor fundamental en todos los contextos del diario vivir, y esta juega un papel primordial en loestudiantes universitarios que desean tener éxito en el trascurso/tiempo de preparación como futuros profesionales, pero en las metodologías deenseñanza se está dejando de lado la formación humana para tener como resultado final hombres especializados y con gran sentido humano ¿enqué se está fallando? ¿Cuál es la importancia de la motivación en la formación de estudiantes de educación superior? ¿Es necesario revolucionare innovar metodologías?Seguramente la respuesta está en la implementación de nuevas estrategias de enseñanza para los estudiantes como lo afirma Jesús AmayaGuerra. Es necesario dar un enfoque más centrado que sea constructivista y permita pulir al futuro profesional. Se debe ir más allá del simplehecho de querer lograr un objetivo, siempre con una mirada crítica que pueda satisfacer cualquier inquietud o inseguridad que surja, con el finde resolver retos y trazarse metas seguidamente para el desarrollo personal y profesional, pero que estos siempre estén ligados a los factoresepistemogícos y cognitivos
Percepción de la enseñanza en cuidado humanizado vs la práctica formativa por estudiantes de enfermería.
Get PDFHumanized care must be the result of the disciplinary interrelationship between knowledge and action, in order to provideaffective and effective care to the patient. For this reason, it is considered important to evaluate the conditions in which care is offered, theattitudes of nursing staff towards patients and family, as a basis for qualitative analysis of the quality of service offered during the applicationof medical procedures. The qualitative work was developed with nursing students from the 4th to the 9th semester of the University of Santander,Cúcuta - Colombia, where through observation and interviews the bases of the analysis were established, the objective of the research. It isevident the good perception that the students have during their formation, being integrally educated by the teachers as for the humanized careand in this way applying what they learned in the formative practice, standing out as integral students. Likewise, they assertively describe theconcept of humanization, specifying that humanization is the series of cares that nursing provides to the patient in his physical and mental state,worrying not only about the scientific procedures but also about the accompaniment, the listening, the environment and the dialogue with thepatient and his family. Finally, they affirmed that they have had experiences in their formative practices that have marked their life asprofessionals, where they have learned to place themselves in the place of the other and not only to have the vision of a patient, but also to seehim as a human being who feels, who suffers and who needs, in addition to receiving treatment, to receive integral care to achieve his recovery.El cuidado humanizado debe ser el resultado de la interrelación disciplinar entre conocimiento y acción, para proporcionaratención afectiva y efectiva al paciente. Por esta razón, se considera importante evaluar las condiciones en que se ofrece el cuidado, las actitudesdel personal de enfermería frente a los pacientes y familia, como base para el análisis cualitativo de la calidad del servicio ofrecido durante laaplicación de procedimientos médicos. El Trabajo cualitativo se desarrolló en con los estudiantes de enfermería de 4to a 9no semestre de laUniversidad de Santander, Cúcuta – Colombia, donde por medio de la observación y entrevistas se establecieron las bases del análisis, objetivode la investigación. Se evidencia la buena percepción que tienen los estudiantes durante su formación, siendo integralmente educados por losdocentes en cuanto al cuidado humanizado y de esta manera aplicando lo aprendido en la práctica formativa, destacándose como estudiantesintegrales. Igualmente, describen asertivamente el concepto de humanización, especificando que la humanización es la serie de cuidados queenfermería le proporciona al paciente en su estado físico y mental, preocupándose no sólo por los procedimientos científicos sino también porel acompañamiento, la escucha, el entorno y el dialogo con el paciente y su familia. Finalmente, afirmaron que han tenido experiencias en susprácticas formativas que han marcado su vida como profesionales, donde han aprendido a colocarse en el lugar del otro y no solo tener unavisión de paciente, si no verlo como un ser humano que siente, que sufre que necesita además de recibir tratamiento, recibir cuidados integralespara lograr su recuperación
Calidad educativa.
Get PDFThe education and the teaching, has presented in the historical, intellectual, technological and social growth of the humanbeing; the great role of preparing the way and the path of all its technical and intellectual creation. We are the product of that longing, of manyeducators and teachers of the art of education, who longed to see in their pupils great achievements, meet goals, open roads, face uncertainties,cover questions, awaken dreams.To reach those goals, the updating and specialization of indistinct professionals is required; that under a university institution; they willobtain knowledge-techniques-skills-abilities, necessary for their subsequent professional performance.But, this is not constant in all peoples, societies and times; a modification of the profile-structure-values and skills to be imparted andacquired in the universities is required. It depends on the National Government, the educational board, the students, the community and the nextgenerations; that these transformations and modifications of the Educational System, of the different forms of education, of the levels ofinstruction, be they behavioral or constructivist, generate the long-awaited results: a collaborative individual, trained and with values, morehuman and integral.La educación y la enseñanza, ha presentado en el crecimiento histórico, intelectual, tecnológico y social del ser humano; elgran papel de preparar la vía y el camino de toda su creación técnica e intelectual. Somos producto de ese anhelo, de muchos educadores ymaestros del arte de educar, que anhelaban ven en sus pupilos grandes logros, cumplir metas, abrir caminos, enfrentar incertidumbres, cubririnterrogantes, despertar sueños.Para llegar a esas metas, se requiere la actualización y especialización de indistintos profesionales; que bajo una institución universitaria;obtendrán conocimientos-técnicas-destrezas—habilidades, necesarias para su posterior desempeño profesional.Pero, ello no es constante en todos los pueblos, sociedades y tiempos; se hace obligante una modificación del perfil-estructura-valores ydestrezas a impartir y a adquirir en las universidades. Depende del Gobierno Nacional , de la directiva educativa, de los alumnos, de la comunidady de las próximas generaciones; que estas transformaciones y modificaciones del Sistema Educativo , de las distintas formas de educación , delos niveles de instrucción , sean conductistas o sean constructivistas , generen los resultados tan esperados : un individuo colaborativo ,capacitado y con valores, más humano e integral
La seroprevalencia de la brucelosis humana en pacientes de diferentes grupos de edad y otros factores de riesgo asociados en Duhok, Iraq
Get PDFIntroduction: Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease contributing to significant health and economic problems worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence and the associated risk factors of brucellosis among people admitted to Azadi general hospital, Duhok, Iraq. Patients and Methods: A total of 1283 patient blood samples (603 males and 680 females) were collected through the period of January 2017 to December 2017 from people at different age groups admitting Azadi general hospital, Duhok, Iraq. All collected sera were screened for the seroprevalence of Brucella using Rose Bengal plate test kit. Results: Among the 1283 blood samples, the overall seroprevalence of brucellosis was 17.8%. The highest rate was recorded in age group between 21–30 years(22.7%) and the different distribution of human brucellosis among age groups was statistically significant (p=0.0076). The frequency of brucellosis in females (20%) was significantly higher than males (15.3%) (p=026). The distribution of brucellosis according to the seasonal changes was statistically significant (p= 0.003) (25.64% in July and 9.75% in December). Conclusions: The incidence of the brucellosis is high, and it remains a challenging health problem. The age, gender, and seasonal changes are considered as important risk factors for the distribution of the diseases. Surveillance programs and active screening for brucellosis are essential to prevent, control, and to reduce the incidence of the brucellosis
Detección in silico de productos naturales dirigidos a la corismato sintasa
Get PDFIntroduction: Chorismate synthase catalyzes the final step in shikimate acid pathway involved in synthesis of aromatic compounds in bacteria.This enzyme can be a possible molecular target for design of antibiotics. Materials and Methods: Homology modeling and molecular dockingwere performed to screen about one hundred natural compounds in order to find inhibitors of enzymes as a possible new target. A model wasbuilt by SWISS-MODEL and its quality was assessed by ERRAT, ProSA, Rampage and MolProbity servers. Docking experiments were performedand pharmacokinetics and toxicities were studied by admetSAR. Results: The predicted model was reliable to be used in docking experiments.Amentoflavone had the highest binding affinity of -10.0 Kcal/mol. Probabilities indicated that rotenone may inhibit P-glycoprotein I, hinokiflavone and silybin may inhibit P-glycoprotein II, while taspine acts on both types of P-glycoproteins. Amentofalavone, hinokiflavone, rotenone and silybin have a probability of inhibiting cytochromes that are involved in oxidation stage of metabolism. Conclusions: These compounds had binding affinities towards FMN binding site of the enzyme model and may be considered in the research for new antibacterial agents but only when their drug interactions are fully investigated
Actividad antifúngica de algunos extractos de plantas medicinales contra algunos aislados de hongos.
Get PDFIntroduction: Fungi live everywhere in the environment, most of them are not dangerous, but some types of fungi can be harmful to humanhealth. The medicinal plants contain many antimicrobial components that make them recently used as powerful drugs. The aim of the present investigation was to examine the antifungal potential and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of three plant extract: Aloe vera gel, cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) and turmeric (Curcuma longa) against three fungal species: Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans and Fusarium oxysporum. Materials and Methods: The plant materials were extracted using solvents DMSO and ethanol and then were tested against the selected fungal isolates using well diffusion method. Results and Discussion: Antifungal activity of Aloe vera against Aspergillus niger showed MIC value of 25% whereas for Candida albicans and Fusarium oxysporum the MIC obtained was 100%. Both cinnamon and turmeric showed maximum potency against Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans and Fusarium oxysporum at highest MIC value of 100 %. The degree of inhibition increased correspondingly with increasing concentrations of the plant extracts. Conclusions: the tested plant extracts have an antifungal activity and could be used as alternative drugs
Evaluación de un protector antipolvo electrostático de carga automática para aplicaciones de células solares en el clima exterior de Bagdad
Get PDFIntroduction: It is well known that the biggest problem facing the utilizing of solar cell Panels in Baghdad is the unpredictable dusty weather through the days of year. This big problem is not easy to overcome due to the frequent dust accumulations and the high cost of cleaning and other maintenance problems. Dust problems are increasing due to global warming. In Baghdad city, where solar radiation is intense and available almost throughout the year, Deposition of dust on the panels could severely minimize solar-to power output efficiency. There are many methods for dust removing from surfaces like the natural dust removal of wind, mechanical dust removing, super-hydrophobic on solar panel surface, and the electrostatic method which is adopted in this work. The dust particles will be charged statistically by rolling on the surface of the solar panels they will have the same electric charge and the electrostatic forces between them are repulsion. Hence, the dust particles will float away from the solar panels. Materials and Methods: A self-charging transparent conductive glass is prepared by spraying a thin film (141 nm thickness) of a Tin dioxide (SnO2) solution on a glass substrate (12x12 cm2). The dust shield is connected to an electronic charging circuit. The shield is located on the top of a silicon solar cell. The novel idea is that the shield is electrically supplied by the solar cell itself whereas D.C. current from the solar cell itself is used to charge the conductive glass, which is located on the top surface of the cell. Results and Discussion: A test was done for dust removing from a Silicon solar cell by electrostatic repulsion method, considering matching the spectral response region of the Siliconsolar cells with the film transmittance spectral region (400 -700 nm). The transmittance value is between (92 – 95)% and results are compared withan identical reference solar cell. Results show a good response as the calculated clearing factor value increases due to the cell efficiency increment.Also, the clearing factor is discussed as a function of outdoor temperature to show a direct proportionality, while the environmental humidity showed an inverse proportionality. Conclusions: A self-cleaning method for a solar cell is successfully introduced via a conductive glass. tests were carried outdoor in Baghdad city. Results showed that there is a direct proportionality between both: the clearing factor and the efficiency gain with the ambient temperature. The ambient humidity showed indirect proportionality with system efficiency (clearing factor and efficiency gain show reduction as the humidity percentage increases)