University of Guelph hosted OJS journals
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Suckle
No full textArtwork Information:
Suckle, 2023, 8 ft x 6.5 ft, free-hand spray paint on plywood
Environmental Governance and The Oil-Tourism Interface
No full textNature-based tourism and oil development often share social and ecological space, but environmental governance rarely brings the two sectors into contact through planning or policy-making. However, this “connective” dimension of governance is vital for thinking about how coastal societies navigate relationships across different forms of development. By comparing Denmark, Iceland, Newfoundland and Labrador, Norway, and Scotland, we examine how political engagement happens within and across nature-based tourism and offshore oil. Nature-based tourism promotes the experience of natural environments and encounters with wildlife, including whales, seals, or seabirds, but often involves fossil fuel intensive travel. Offshore oil promises economic benefits from employment and royalty payments, but is a form of fossil fuel-intensive resource extraction. Political engagement across these sectors is limited. It occurs most often when there is conflict over extending oil exploration and extraction into new regions. Lack of attention to the connective dimension of environmental governance is explained by several related factors. First, there are significant differences in environmental governance across the two sectors. Tourism governance is oriented around local/regional politics, and involves a more diffuse network of actors, while offshore oil governance is oriented around regional/national/international politics, and involves a more concentrated network of actors. Second, in most cases, offshore oil governance is better established and developed than tourism governance. Third, the separation of oil and tourism within environmental governance reflects the greater perceived importance of offshore oil to the economies and social imaginaries of host communities. By contrast, where tourism is more central to the political economy and social imaginary of host communities there is more engagement across the sectors
Toward a Political Economy of Rural Tourism
No full textIn many rural Atlantic Canadian communities, local economic development conversations have zeroed in on growing and supporting tourism as a key strategy to improve local economic indicators, nourish local businesses, raise incomes and create jobs. Indeed, across several qualitative studies, we have found that informants contemplating opportunities for development in their local communities tend to reach for tourism first, expressing a desire to “market” the good things about their area to “attract” tourists and their spending. In this paper, we explore some of the qualitative data that displays such tendencies, and consider why tourism occupies this place of primacy in peoples’ thoughts about rural development and sustainability. We ask, further, whether the hope attached to tourism is warranted. To that end, we view rural tourism through a political economy lens, asking: whose interests are served, and in what ways, when tourism is used to bring economic activity to rural communities? By what relations of power and historical precedents do communities find themselves with tourism as the best or most obvious local development option? Does tourism bring local communities more or less control over their economic affairs
Cultural sustainability in rural wine and food tourism
No full textResearchers concerned with the complex, interrelated, and multi-scalar relationships between culture and rural tourism development have explored both positive and negative dimensions in diverse contexts; however, more systematic attention to the concept of cultural sustainability is needed to design supportive rural tourism policies and processes. Wine and food tourism is one of the fastest growing rural tourism niches and intersects with critical cultural sustainability issues such as local food systems, food sovereignty and agricultural land use, therefore, it is particularly important to explore cultural sustainability in food and wine tourism contexts. Comparative case studies in two Canadian wine regions, British Columbia\u27s South Okanagan Valley and Nova Scotia\u27s Annapolis Valley, are used to gain a better understanding of the relationships between local food cultures, rural tourism development and sustainability in different provincial contexts with a particular emphasis on the role of related planning, policy and governance. Findings from semi-structured interviews and focus groups provide insights into how culturally sustainable food and wine tourism is conceptualized, recognized, developed, supported and promoted in each case. Processes and policies that support cultural sustainability are discussed and future research is proposed. This research is generously supported by a Rural Policy and Learning Commons (RPLC) Research & Exchanges Service Rural Policy Research Gran
Mapping Ocean Stories: Fisheries Oral Histories and Biographical Maps Preserve The Past and Inform The Future in Gulf of Maine Communities
No full textThe relationship between fishermen and the ocean has long shaped the architecture of life in rural coastal communities. This reality transcends most aspects of coastal society but is often misunderstood or underestimated, and has not been systematically documented. The result is that voices in small coastal and island communities are often overlooked in decision-making processes that affect them directly. This lack of documented traditional ecological knowledge is particularly impactful in the Gulf of Maine, one of the fastest warming bodies of water on the planet. Fishermen and the communities that support them are on the front lines of change in these ecologically challenging times. The changes observed daily by fishermen impact how they fish, where they fish, and even if they can continue fishing.
The “Mapping Ocean Stories” project combines oral history with biographical mapping to build individual accounts and a collective picture of how fishermen and community members live, work, and access the water. The use of nautical charts enables participants to connect their stories to places on the ocean and coast. The traditional ecological knowledge that is revealed in such interviews can be powerful and informative. Fish migration patterns, names of bottom habitat, fishing territories, and other spatially referenced stories, when documented and aggregated, can transform individual anecdotes into a body of knowledge that provides fine-grained insights into impacts of regulatory actions or environmental changes. In addition, collecting and sharing stories from fishing community members instills a strong sense of community, which also fosters resilience to change.
Project partners (Maine Sea Grant, College of the Atlantic, and Island Institute) have worked collaboratively with historical societies, municipal officials, residents, and students to identify interviewees, and capture their stories. This presentation will outline the Mapping Ocean Stories project to date, including both methodology and impacts
The SDG agenda and university transformation in Africa: The decolonial turn deferred?
No full textThe Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) agreed in September 2015 set the scene for a renewed and ambitious development framework in a global context of widening inequalities within and between countries, global economic crises, conflict and climate change. Higher education is framed in several of the targets that make up SDG 4 and is also argued as central to achieving all 17 goals. However, the extent to which they engage with higher education in the context of calls for responsive, decolonised higher education remains underexplored. It is this gap that this paper addresses, arguing that while the SDGs take a broad approach to education the focus on specific targets and indicators limit states’ autonomy by de-territorialising local frameworks (Sayed & Moriarty, 2020). As a result, universities in Africa struggle to assert their agendas as power is overly located at the supra national level. We use the case of South African higher education to examine how and in what ways the national education agenda articulates with the SDG agenda. In particular, we focus on the lack of a clear equity and anti-racist focus in the SDG agenda which fails to engage with the disciplinary hold of racism over knowledge. We use Boaventura de Sousa Santos’ (2014) notion of difficult questions in higher education with weak answers to address what a decolonised and deracialised higher education system might look like. In particular, we articulate how Western domination has marginalised knowledge present in the global South. In so doing, we describe the influence of the SDGs in higher education noting the strides made but also their limited application in the global South and the decolonial turn. We argue that the decolonisation of knowledge in higher education is a collective process in which disruptive disciplinary practices contribute to cognitive global justice
Size Differences in Personality Profiles of the Cunner Wrasse (Tautogolabrus adspersus)
No full textIndividual animals, including fish, often differ consistently in their behaviours, which is known as personality. An individual’s values on the five axes of personality, which are activity, aggression, anxiety, boldness, and sociality, come together and form syndromes. The major syndromes, proactive or reactive, characterize an individual’s expected behaviour. The cunner wrasse, (Tautogolabrus adspersus), is the only warm-water cleaner fish for removal of sea lice from Atlantic salmon in Eastern Canada. Developing behavioural assay of the syndromes is important for industry to use to improve aquaculture because they are linked to species’ growth, cleaning efficiency, and welfare. I explored if the proactive and reactive syndromes exist in cunners and how their size influences the syndromes. The research was conducted with different sizes of cunners (n=43) in the Hagen Aqualab for three months, starting from January 2020. An open field test, scoring anxiety, and a swimming test, scoring activity, were conducted, followed by a mirror test measuring sociality and aggression. Then, a replica test was conducted to score boldness, followed by a novel object test also measuring boldness. Then, a shelter-seeking test was conducted to score anxiety. I found that cunners of all size-classes showed proactivity and reactivity. However, there was a significant difference in which components of the five axes of personality determined the two syndromes between large and small-medium cunners. These findings may develop a behavioural assay for industry to use when they breed cleaner fish to use for their desired traits, such as better growth and higher cleaning efficiency
Transforming Structures of Violence: How Gender-Based Violence Impacts Temporary Foreign Workers in Canada\u27s Agricultural Sector
No full textThe Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP) is a critical source of labour for Canada’s agricultural sector. Temporary foreign workers (TFW) are vulnerable for a variety of reasons including structural inequities, lack of status, and limited individual rights. Compounding this are the diverse identities of individual workers, including gender, sexual orientation, age, race, ethnicity, marital status, religion, disability, Indigenous identity, languages spoken, and/or geographic location. This scoping review aims to understand how the TFWP contributes to, interacts with, and addresses gender-based violence (GBV) from both a conceptual and real viewpoint. Key research objectives include: Collect documented evidence (articles, reports, policies) regarding GBV and TFWs in the agricultural sector. Describe how GBV is experienced differently by diverse groups of TFWs in Ontario, Quebec and British Columbia.Understand how policies (municipal, provincial, federal) address or confront GBV experienced by TFWs in these three provinces.Outline which infrastructure (social, physical, and other) exists to support TFWs and how supports can be enhanced to better support TFWs who experience GBV. Emphasis will be placed on the different experiences of GBV within these systems and infrastructures.
Supporting the above objectives, we will identify roles and tailored knowledge mobilization materials specific to academic, public, private, and not-for-profit sectors. This will include policy recommendations, best practices, and tools for each respective stakeholder group. The results of the research will be shared with key stakeholders through a knowledge mobilization strategy that aims to engage audiences with the results and potential recommendation they might apply in their work