Jurnal FKIP Universitas Mataram (Fakultas Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan)
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Tapanuli Orangutan Feeding (Pongo tapanuliensis) In Sitandiang Hamlet, Bulu Mario Village, Sipirok District, South Tapanuli
Get PDFThe tapanuli orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis) is an endemic orangutan species found exclusively in the Batang Toru forest ecosystem, North Sumatra. Studying their natural diet is crucial to supporting conservation efforts for this critically endangered species. This research was conducted in Sitandiang Hamlet, Bulu Mario Village, Sipirok Sub-district, South Tapanuli Regency, with the aim of inventorying the types of food consumed by tapanuli orangutan and analyzing their feeding patterns in their natural habitat. The methods used included field surveys, interviews with local communities, and documentation. The findings revealed that tapanuli orangutan utilize a variety of plant resources, such as fruits, leaves, flowers, and tree bark. Their feeding patterns show a reliance on the availability of seasonal fruits, with an adaptation to consuming vegetative plant parts during off-fruit seasons. Local community knowledge about orangutan food sources also plays an important role in preserving their habitat. This study provides insights into ecosystem-based conservation management and emphasizes the importance of strengthening collaboration with local communities to support the sustainability of tapanuli orangutan populations in this region
Leaf morphology and anatomy of Rhizophora apiculata Blume. in Different Zonation of Sukadana Mangrove Tourism
Get PDFRhizophora apiculata is a mangrove species that lives in coastal areas. Differences in zoning will affect the growth of mangroves both morphologically and anatomically. This study aims to determine the morphological and anatomical characteristics of R. apiculata leaves in different zones. The research method used is descriptive method. Zone A is the zone near the sea water and zone B is the zone away from the water. Morphological observations were made directly, while anatomical observations were made through making preparations with the embedding method. Observations of leaf area parameters of R. apiculata in zone A showed a larger leaf area (83.11 ± 6.07cm2) compared to zone B (63.95 ± 8.61cm2). R. apiculata leaves in zone B had a higher number of stomata (24.42±5.60mm2) and stomatal density (124.43±28.43 cells/mm2) than zone A, which had a higher number of stomata (17.44±5.99mm2) and stomatal density (88.87±30.44 cells/mm2). Mesophyll tissue thickness parameters showed no significant difference between zone A and zone B. Parameters of salt glands showed significant differences between zone A and zone B. The results of the study, it can be concluded that differences in mangrove zones provide different responses and adaptations to the morphology and anatomy of R. apiculata leaves
Soil Permeability in Different Types of Traditional Land use in Niukbaun Village, West Amarasi, NTT
Get PDFTraditional land use is a method of land use that has been carried out for generations by the community. Land management activities carried out from generation to generation, with the same pattern from year to year, such as land use which is often called Tebas Bakar and Mamar. Both land uses with different management methods can indicate changes in soil conditions as a medium for plant growth in their physical properties. The purpose of this study was to determine soil permeability in traditional land cultivation activities in Niukbaun Village, West Amarasi, NTT. Field and laboratory research was carried out in August-October 2024. The research location was in Niukbaun Village, West Amarasi District, with the traditional Tebas Bakar and Mamar management systems. Research Methods Data collection includes primary data, secondary data, Permeability observations were carried out in the field using a permeameter. The results obtained: Soil permeability on mamar land is better than slash and burn land. Each type of traditional land use differs according to its management method. So that texture, organic material and land use processing have an influence on the size of the soil permeability
Shade and NPK Effects on Calliandra and Sengon Seedling Growth Differences
Get PDFCalliandra (Calliandra sp.) is a shrub with multiple benefits, including its use as firewood and as a high-protein livestock feed. Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) is a fast-growing tree species widely cultivated to support the timber industry. To enhance seedling growth and productivity, environmental manipulation through shading and fertilization is necessary. This study aims to evaluate the effects of shading and NPK fertilizer doses on the growth of Calliandra calothyrsus and Sengon seedlings in the context of industrial forest plantation management. Using a completely randomized design, this study tested four shading levels (no shading, 25%, 50%, and 75%) and four NPK fertilizer doses (0, 1, 2, and 3 g per seedling). Each treatment was repeated twice, resulting in a total of 248 seedlings per species. The observed variables included height, diameter, and leaf count. The results showed that Calliandra exhibited no significant differences in height growth across shading levels. However, the best growth was observed under 25% shading, with a height increase of 11.84 cm and a diameter of 1.55 mm, and at an NPK dose of 2 g, with a height of 10.75 cm and a diameter of 1.54 mm. Meanwhile, Sengon showed the best height growth under 75% shading with an NPK dose of 1 g per seedling. The optimal diameter growth for Calliandra was achieved under 25% shading with an NPK dose of 1 g, while Sengon exhibited the best diameter growth without shading and with an NPK dose of 3 g
Influence of Tithonia POC and Nano Bubble Technology on Hydroponic Pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.) Quality
Get PDFHydroponics offers a modern agricultural solution to overcome land limitations in urban settings. Despite its advantages, the system commonly relies on synthetic fertilizers like AB Mix, which are costly and may pose environmental risks. As a sustainable alternative, liquid organic fertilizer (POC) derived from Tithonia diversifolia, combined with nanobubble technology, may improve nutrient uptake efficiency in plants. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of combining AB Mix and nano POC on the growth of pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.) in a nanobubble-based hydroponic system. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used with five treatments and five replicates: P1 (100% AB Mix), P2 (75% AB Mix + 25% nano POC), P3 (50% AB Mix + 50% nano POC), P4 (25% AB Mix + 75% nano POC), and P5 (100% nano POC). The measured variables were plant height, leaf number, leaf area, fresh weight, and dry weight. ANOVA and Duncan’s 5% test showed that P2 resulted in the best growth, while P5 had the lowest. These results indicate that nano POC is effective as a supplementary nutrient but cannot fully replace inorganic fertilizers. Further research is necessary to determine the optimal composition and its influence on plant quality
Twenty-Five Years Research on Micropropagation of Stevia and Curcuma sp. and Improving Secondary Metabolites using Precursor-elicitor in vitro: A Review
Get PDFIn vitro culture technique is an effective method for plant propagation to overcome the limitations of conventional cultivation. This method is used to improve accumulation of plant secondary metabolites. The purpose of this study is to review the development of micropropagation and improving secondary metabolites in Stevia rebaudiana and Curcuma plants through the application of precursors and elicitors. The systematic literature review is used to analyse scientific articles or publications from 2000 to 2025 obtained from various online databases using relevant keywords. The results showed that Stevia was more studied when compared to Curcuma due to its high economic value, with significant impact on the study of improving accumulation of stevioside and rebaudioside production through several elicitor and precursors. In Curcuma, beside in vitro culture for mass propagation, the response to in vitro treatment of elicitor dan precursors were varied, but some precursors such as phenylalanine were shown to improve curcuminoid accumulation. In conclusion, tissue culture techniques and the use of elicitor and precursor for improving secondary metabolites accumulation have the potential impact to support mass propagation, production and sustainable optimization of plant bioactive compounds
Optimization of Starter Concentration of Thermophilic Bacteria Consortium from Mudiak Sapan to Produce Biolectricity
Get PDFThe increasing problem of the electrical energy crisis encourages the need for efforts to develop environmentally friendly energy sources, for example, MFC. MFC using a consortium of thermophilic bacteria can provide advantages because it increases the reaction kinetics on the anode which contributes to the performance of the fuel cell. This study aims to optimize the concentration of thermophilic bacteria consortium as a starter in MFC. This study used thermophilic bacterial consortium MS 12 and MS 18 isolates from Mudik Sapan hot spring, and tested five different starter concentrations (3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, and 15%). The bacterial cultures were fermented in a two-chamber bioreactor of the MFC system with voltage measurements every 2 hours for 24 hours. Results showed the 9% concentration produced the highest average voltage output of 0.8043 V, indicating optimal electrogenic performance. This study highlights the important role of starter concentration in improving MFC efficiency
Nanoemulsion of Cardamom Fruit Extract (Amomum compactum) and its Characterization
Get PDFThe development of medicinal materials from bioactive compounds of plants continues to be carried out. Various problems that occur in it continue to be overcome. Bioactive compounds of plants are known to be hydrophobic, including bioactive compounds from cardamom fruit, so that these compounds are difficult to deliver into the organs of the body. To overcome this problem, nanoemulsion techniques have been carried out. The purpose of this study was to produce nanoemulsions of bioactive compounds of cardamom fruit and to study their characteristics. Nanoemulsions of bioactive compounds of cardamom fruit have been synthesized using a microtube equipment system by utilizing the characteristics of the flow pattern of its liquid segment which is circulative forming a vortex in a very small size. The nanoemulsions obtained have a diameter ranging from 15.2 nm to 19.7 nm. The diameter increases when the mass of the bioactive compound concentrate of cardamom fruit is increased. The polydispersity index ranges from 0.341 to 0.637; the average electrophoretic mobility ranges from -0.000010 cm2/V.s to -0.000062 cm2/V.s and the zeta potential from -1.3 mV to -8.1 mV. From the results obtained, it shows that the obtained nanoemulsions have a relatively very small average diameter, their size distribution is relatively heterogeneous and the surface charge surrounding the nanoemulsions is negative. However, the zeta potential is still relatively small so that it has the potential to be less stable. Therefore, an effort to increase the magnitude of the zeta potential in the future needs to be done
Optimizing Idle Land Utilization to Enhance Local Food Security in Banjarbaru City
Get PDFThe ongoing land-use conversion in Banjarbaru City has significantly reduced agricultural areas, potentially threatening local food availability and the achievement of food security. This study aims to identify the distribution of idle land and assess its potential utilization as an alternative for agricultural development in urban areas. The methodology integrates drone imagery for mapping uncultivated land, agricultural and biophysical statistical data, and community perception surveys to evaluate readiness and constraints in managing idle land. The results show that idle lands are spread across all districts, with the highest concentration in South Banjarbaru and Landasan Ulin. These areas exhibit high potential for the development of horticultural crops and lowland rice cultivation, although technical interventions such as soil rehabilitation and improved water access are required. In conclusion, optimizing the utilization of idle land in Banjarbaru City can serve as an effective strategy to enhance local food production and strengthen area-based food security.
The Effect of Herbal Probiotic Supplementation on the Growth Performance and Survival Rate of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in a Closed Aquaculture System
Get PDFNile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is a high-value aquaculture commodity with steadily increasing market demand. However, the growth performance of Nile tilapia fingerlings is often hindered by suboptimal feed quality and high mortality rates. One innovative approach to address these challenges is the incorporation of herbal probiotics as feed additives. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of herbal probiotic supplementation (Probal) on the growth, feed efficiency, and survival of Nile tilapia fingerlings. The research was conducted over 28 days at the Laboratory of Fish Production and Reproduction, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mataram, using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and three replications: P1 (control), P2 (Probal 2.5%), P3 (Probal 3%), and P4 (Probal 3.5%). The observed parameters included absolute length and weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed utilization efficiency (EPP), feed consumption, survival rate (SR), and water quality. Results showed that P4 treatment significantly outperformed other treatments in terms of length gain (2.39 cm), weight gain (13.8 g), SGR (3.26%/day), and SR (93.33%). Although no significant differences were observed in FCR and FUE, Probal supplementation was proven to enhance growth performance and survival. Therefore, herbal probiotic supplementation represents a promising and environmentally friendly strategy for sustainably improving Nile tilapia aquaculture productivity