Jurnal FKIP Universitas Mataram (Fakultas Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan)
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Synthesis of Cellulose from Decorticated Sisal Plants (Agave sisalana) using the Acid Hydrolysis Method
Full text linkSisal Plant Production Process (Agave sisalana) produces waste of around 95%, which is wasted and can be an environmental problem because it is not processed properly. Sisal decortication waste contains active biochemical compounds, one of which is cellulose, which has the potential to be used in various fields. Cellulose is one of the most widely distributed and abundant biopolymers on Earth, as the main source of renewable materials obtained from plant fibers. Initial Treatment of Fiber Alkalization using 5% NaOH solution (1:20) for 2 hours at a temperature of 80 °C at a speed of 200 rpm. Then the bleaching process(bleaching). Samples of the results of alkalization treatment using hydrogen peroxide solution (H2THE23%) at a temperature of 80 °C for 3 hours, repeated once. In the Acid Hydrolysis process, the resulting sample is bleached with acid using sulfuric acid (H2SO465%) at a temperature of 80 °C for 1 hour (1:20). Sample Characterization Fiber characterization using the NDF test to determine cellulose content. The results of the cellulose content test in sisal fiber decortication waste were 1.545 mg/L Based on the results of the study, nanocellulose with a high % crystallinity was successfully extracted from sisal fiber decortication waste using a chemical treatment method. The FTIR spectrum shows a broad band at 3358-3410 cm-1which is the vibration of the OH group of cellulose. The removal of lignin levels was successfully carried out, showing that the peak of the spectrum band produced was only 1279.26 cm-1. The average size of nanocellulose particles is around 10-30 nm and consists of 30-100 cellulose molecules
Characteristics of Briquettes Made from Plastic Waste, Plastic-Coconut Shell Blends, and Plastic-Corn Cob Composites
Full text linkRecycling plastic waste holds considerable potential as a fuel source, especially when combined with agricultural waste. This study aims to evaluate the physical characteristics of charcoal briquettes - moisture content, ash content, volatile matter, calorific value, and fixed carbon content - produced from a mixture of plastic waste and organic waste. Three composition variations were tested: pure Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) plastic waste (100%) as the first treatment (S1), a combination of coconut shells and plastic waste in a 50%:50% ratio as the second treatment (S2), and a combination of corn cobs and plastic waste in the same 50%:50% ratio as the third treatment (S3). Testing was conducted according to SNI 01-6235-2000 standards. The results showed that all treatments produced charcoal briquettes with moisture content and calorific value that met SNI standards. Among the treatments, briquettes made entirely from plastic waste (S1) achieved the highest calorific value at 5921 cal/g, followed by the plastic-coconut shell mixture (S2) at 5574 cal/g and the plastic-corn cob mixture (S3) at 5100 cal/g. These findings indicate that plastic waste and agricultural waste have significant potential as fuel sources for power generation, supporting energy mix targets, and contributing to waste management and sustainable energy production. However, the study also identified areas for improvement. The ash content across all treatments failed to meet SNI standards, and the volatile matter content in S1 was below the acceptable range. These shortcomings highlight the need for further optimization in material formulation and manufacturing processes to enhance briquette quality. Future research should prioritize refining material combinations, improving ash content and volatile matter characteristics, and assessing the environmental impacts of using plastic-based briquettes. With continued innovation, this approach could play a pivotal role in achieving energy mix targets and addressing the challenges of plastic and agricultural waste, offering a sustainable and practical solution for energy generation
Bioactivity Analysis of Chalcone-Derived Compounds Based on In-Silico Molecular Docking Study
Full text linkChalcone compounds are aromatic ketones and enones that have been found to have several activities, such as antimalarial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, anti-HIV, antifungal, antihyperglycemic, and carboxygenase inhibitors. A ligand's bioactivity can be predicted through in-silico tests using molecular docking. Molecular docking studies are conducted to study the interaction between ligand and receptor and identify the receptor's active site that matches the ligand when the ligand and receptor bind in a stable complex. This study can be a preliminary test before conducting in vitro and in vivo tests. This narrative review aims to analyze information on the bioactivity of chalcone-derived compounds and their derivatives through an in silico molecular docking approach in the form of binding affinity values and amino acid residues that bind. The method used is a literature study of 13 research articles found through the Semantic Scholar and Springer Link databases. The review results showed that the new compounds derived from chalcone compounds have a good range of bioactivity, as seen from the binding affinity values, which show lower values when compared to other test ligands and referenced ligands. The functional groups that have an important role in the interaction between ligands and proteins between ligands and receptors are triazole, methoxy, amine, halogen, carbonyl, hydroxyl, and thiol groups bound to the reactive structure of the α,β unsaturated ketone aromatic ring in the structure of the chalcone compound. The compounds that show promising activity can be further investigated as new drug candidates
Development of Prezi-Based Learning Media Assisted by Virtual Reality and Songs on Solar System Science Material
No full textScience learning in elementary schools often faces challenges in delivering abstract materials such as the solar system, especially due to the limited availability of interactive and interesting media. To overcome this, this study developed Prezi-based learning media assisted by virtual reality and songs as learning aids that are expected to improve students' understanding and learning experience. This study uses a development research method with the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) model. The research stages include needs analysis, media design, product development, implementation in learning, and evaluation of the effectiveness of the media developed. Prezi media assisted by Virtual Reality and songs were tested through a series of validity and effectiveness tests to assess their quality in supporting learning. The results of expert validation showed that the media developed was categorized as very feasible, with a feasibility percentage reaching 92.85% from media experts and 93.75% from material experts. The validated media was then implemented in class 6 of SDN 6 Wulung with a population of 24 students. The results of the normality test showed a significance value above 0.05, which indicates that the data on all test results that had been carried out were normally distributed. There was an increase in learning scores as evidenced by the paired t-test value, which showed a value of 0.014 in small-scale classes and 0.000 in large-scale classes. In the N-Gain test conducted, the figure was 0.72, which is considered high in small-scale classes, and 0.69, which is considered moderate in large-scale classes. The use of Prezi and virtual reality technology combined with songs has been proven to be able to increase students' grades, interests, and involvement in learning. Thus, this media has the potential to be an innovative alternative in teaching science at the elementary school level. This study recommends further testing with a wider scope to ensure the sustainability and effectiveness of media use in various learning conditions
Potential of Therapeutic Ethanolic Extract of Flavonoids Mutingia Calabura on Alloxan-induced Diabetic Male Mus musculus
Full text linkOne alternative treatment for diabetes mellitus is herbal therapy. One example of herbal therapy that can be used to treat diabetes mellitus is cherry. Cherry (Muntingia calabura L.) is a plant that is widespread in Indonesia, including NTB. In West Nusa Tenggara, cherry plants are very abundant and can often be found on roadsides and in house yards. One of the compounds contained in cherry leaves which has antidiabetic and antioxidant activity is flavonoids. The aim of this research was to determine the potential of ethanol flavonoid extract to reduce blood sugar levels in mice induced by alloxan. The manufacture of cherry leaf ethanol extract was carried out using the sonication method, with the testing process including qualitative tests, quantitative tests, evaluation of cherry leaf ethanol extract suspension preparations, and measurement of fasting blood sugar. The results of blood sugar measurements showed that administering a dose of 300 mg/kg showed the best results which were almost the same as the positive control (metformin)
Activity of Ethanol Extract and Fraction Products Leaves Manilkara kauki as Inhibitors Tyrosinase Enzyme
Full text linkCurrently, cosmetics made from chemical (synthetic) ingredients are in demand by the public because they can whiten the skin by inhibiting the formation of melanin, but the lack of public knowledge about the impact of excessive use has encouraged the need for natural ingredients as tyrosinase inhibitors that are safer than synthetic ingredients. This study aims to test the potential of secondary metabolite compounds in M. kauki leaves as inhibitors of tyrosinase enzyme activity by determining the IC50 value. This assay utilizes L-tyrosine and arbutin as positive control substrates, with UV-Vis spectrophotometric absorption measurements taken at a wavelength of 470 nm. The findings revealed that the buthanol fraction exhibited the highest tyrosinase enzyme inhibition, with an IC50 of 189,72 μg/mL. This was followed by the ethanol extract with an IC50 of 191,97 μg/mL, the hexane fraction at 381.50 μg/mL, and the ethyl acetate extract with an IC50 of 448.986 μg/mL. All samples displayed strong inhibitory activity, outperforming arbutin as a positive control, which had an IC50 value of 831.51 μg/mL
Mangroves as Carbon Sequesterers: Diversity and Carbon Estimation Study in Pantai Mekar Village, Muara Gembong District, Bekasi Regency
Full text linkMangrove forests are important for storing carbon dioxide (CO2) and reducing the effects of climate change. Indonesia possesses 20% of the global mangrove cover, which substantially impacts global climate mitigation efforts. However, understanding of the diversity of plant species in mangrove forests remains limited, as evidenced by the high rate of conversion of mangrove areas into aquaculture ponds, resulting in mangrove degradation. Our research in Pantai Mekar Village was conducted to augment information on mangrove plant species diversity in Indonesia, specifically in Bekasi Regency. Mangrove vegetation data were collected in Pantai Mekar Village, Muara Gembong, Bekasi from 8 to 12 July 2019. Data were collected using 2x2 m (seedlings and understory), 5x5 m (saplings), and 10x10 m (trees) plots. Importance value index (INP), Shannon-Wiener species diversity, evenness, richness, and carbon stock estimation were utilized to analyze the data. The study documented 21 species from 15 families. Species from the Acanthaceae family were predominant in the study site. Avicennia alba was the species with the largest biomass and carbon content. The estimated biomass contained in Mekar Beach is 380.42 tonnes/Ha with carbon sequestration of 190.21/Ha
The Effect of Giving Ethanol Extract of Palm Fruit (Arenga pinnata Merr.) on Morphology and Liver Function of White Rats (Rattus norvegicus L.) Induced by Carbon Tetrachloroide
Full text linkCarbon tetrachloride is well known as hepatotoxic, including toxic substances commonly used to induce liver damage. Sugar palm (Arenga Pinnata Merr.) is a type of palm plant that is used as a source of antioxidants, one of which is part of the fruit. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of administering ethanol extract of palm fruit (Arenga pinnata Merr.) on the morphology and liver function of rats (Rattus norvegicus L.) which is induced by carbon tetrachloride. This research method used a completely randomized design consisting of 20 mice grouped into 5 groups, namely negative control, positive control, P1 (ethanol extract of palm fruit 90 mg/kg BW), P2 (180 mg/kg BW), P3 (360 mg /kg BW) with each group having four repetitions. Data analysis was carried out using the One Way ANOVA test and continued with the Duncan test. The results of this study show that carbon tetrachloride at a dose of 1 mL/kg BW can damage the morphological appearance of rat liver and increase SGOT and SGPT levels. Giving ethanol extract of palm fruit to the P3 group at a dose of 360 mg/kg BW was the most effective dose to improve liver morphology and reduce SGOT and SGPT levels in white rats induced by carbon tetrachloride
Diversity of Weeds in Rice Cultivation (Oryza sativa L.) in Tahoa Village, Kolaka District, Kolaka Regency
Full text linkRice weeds are one of the pest organisms that can reduce production yields.rice because own allelophaty which are parasitic and kill plants directly.The existence of weeds has received little attention from the community in Tahoa Village, even though their existence can damage rice plants (Oryza sativa L.). Purpose of this research can provides information related to the diversity of weed types and their evenness in ricecultivation in Tahoa Village, Kolaka. Sampling was carried out bymaking a plot size of 1 mx 1 m as many as 27 plots divided into 3 stations. The data obtained will be analyzed descriptively and quantitatively and then displayed in the form of tables anddocumentation. Based on the results of the study in Tahoa Village, Kolaka District, Kolaka Regency, 6 families, 8 genera and 8 species were found, namely Digitalia ciliaris, Cynodondactylon, Paspalum scropiculatum L, Alternanthera sessilis L, Sphenoclea zeylanica Geartn., Oldenlandia corymbosaL, Ludwigia octovalvis And Fimbristylis miliacea L. Based on the research results, the most species found were Sphenoclea zeylanica Geartn.. The diversity index (H') of the three stations, namely H'(1.62) states that the diversity of the research location is classified as moderate. The evenness index (E) of the three stations, namely E (0.78) states that the weed evenness index at the research location is classified as high. This is because these weeds have high adaptability to environmental changes both in drought and rain conditions. However, further study is needed regarding the physiology of the weeds found to obtain information regarding their parasitic nature on rice plants
Differences in The Incidence of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in Women Using Herbal and Non-Herbal Sanitary Napkins
Full text linkUrinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a common health issue among women, including those caused by the use of menstrual pads. This study aims to investigate the difference in the incidence of UTI between women using herbal and non-herbal pads at Prodia Clinical Laboratory in Palembang. This research employed an analytical observational design with 31 female employees as subjects. Sampling was conducted using a questionnaire and complete urine tests, including dipstick and microscopic examination. The results showed that 10.5% of non-herbal pad users were suspected of having UTI, while no herbal pad users were suspected of having UTI. Based on the Mann Whitney U statistical test, no significant differences were found between the two groups (p > 0.05). This study concluded that there is no significant difference in the incidence of UTI between users of herbal and non-herbal pads. Further research with a larger sample size is recommended to confirm these findings