Jurnal FKIP Universitas Mataram (Fakultas Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan)
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Nutritional Content of Mixed Silage Pennisetum purpureum and Sesbania grandiflora With Different Additive Fermentations
Full text linkForage consisting of grass and legumes is an important aspect of ruminant but availability is often dependent on the rainy season so preservation technology is needed, namely silage. This study aimed to determine the nutritional content of silage made from a mixture of Pennisetum purpureum and Sesbania grandiflora with different doses of fermentation additives. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used, consisting of four treatments with five replications. They were P0: (75% Pennisetum purpureum + 25% Sesbania grandiflora), P1: (75% Pennisetum purpureum + 25% Sesbania grandiflora + 0.1% additive), P2: (75% Pennisetum purpureum + 25% Sesbania grandiflora + 0.2% additive), P3: (75% Pennisetum purpureum + 25% Sesbania grandiflora + 0.3% additive). Each treatment was added 2% molasses and incubated for 21 days. The results showed that the addition of fermentation additives had no significant effect (P>0.05) on DM and OM content but had a highly significant effect (P<0.01) on increasing CP, EE, and TDN content and reducing CF content. The highest average DM and OM values were observed in P0 (21.02% and 89.27%, respectively), while the highest average increases in CP, EE, and TDN were found in P3 (15.31%, 2.85%, and 50.32%, respectively), and the greatest reduction in CF was also recorded in P3 (27.89%)
Vegetable Pesticides and Planting Spattern Againt Grayak Caterpillar (Spodoptera exigua) Attacks on long Beans (Vigna Sinensis L.)
Full text link: The armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) is one of the most common plant pests that lower plant yields. The purpose of this study is to ascertain how armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) attacks on long bean plants are impacted by botanical pesticides and planting distance. This study employs experiments and is quantitative in nature. In this investigation, papaya leaf trials and garlic peels were used as plant insecticides in covert studies. The one-way ANOVA test was the statistical method employed in this investigation. The findings demonstrated that while the botanical concentration had no effect on plant height or attack severity, it significantly affected the percentage of attacks and the leaf area index. Plant height, attack intensity, attack %, and leaf area index were not significantly affected by planting distance in long bean plants. The study's conclusions include the need for more research on plant insecticides that use plant leaves to fend against attacks, particularly in lowering the incidence of armyworm attacks
Antimicrobial Activity of Starfruit Leaf Extract Against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria
Full text linkStarfruit (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) is a plant traditionally used as medicine, mainly due to its secondary metabolite content that has the potential as an antimicrobial agent. This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of A. bilimbi leaf extract against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli bacteria. Extraction was carried out using three types of solvents: 100% ethanol, 100% ethyl acetate, and a mixture of ethanol-ethyl acetate (1:1) using the maceration method. Antimicrobial activity tests were carried out using the disc diffusion method to measure the inhibition zone of bacterial growth. The results showed that all A. bilimbi leaf extracts had inhibitory activity against both types of test bacteria. The extract with ethyl acetate solvent showed the largest inhibition zone against S. aureus and E. coli, followed by the mixed ethanol-ethyl acetate extract, and then the ethanol extract. These findings indicate that the active compounds in A. bilimbi leaves are more soluble in ethyl acetate and have the potential to be developed as natural antibacterial agents
Improving Kopay Chili Seed Germination Through Priming with Eichhornia crassipes Root Extract
Full text linkKopay chili (Capsicum annuum L. cultivar Kopay) is a local Indonesian cultivar valued for its distinctive flavor, economic potential, and adaptability to tropical climates. However, one of the major challenges in its cultivation is the low and uneven germination rate, which can affect crop uniformity and productivity. This research investigates the effect of priming with water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) root extract on the germination of kopay chili seeds (Capsicum annuum L. cultivar Kopay). The objective was to evaluate the influence of soaking duration, extract concentration, and their interaction on seed germination and early seedling growth. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors and three replications was employed. The first factor was soaking duration: 3, 6, 9, and 12 hours; the second factor was extract concentration: 0% (control), 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. The results showed that a soaking duration of 3 hours significantly improved germination time, growth rate, vigor index, and root length. Extract concentration alone had no significant effect on any measured parameter. However, the interaction between soaking duration and extract concentration significantly affected germination time, vigor index, root length, and seedling dry weight. These findings suggest that short-term seed priming using water hyacinth root extract can enhance germination and early growth of kopay chili under certain conditions
Inflammatory Response of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) in Incised Wounds of White Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Induced by Aloe vera Extract
Full text linkIncised wounds are common injuries that trigger an inflammatory response, in which Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis. Aloe vera has long been recognized for its wound-healing potential; however, its molecular mechanisms particularly in modulating TNF-α expression remain incompletely understood. This study aims to investigate the effect of Aloe vera extract on TNF-α expression in incised wounds of white rats. This experimental study employed a controlled group design, involving a positive control group (K+), a negative control group (K−), and a treatment group (P), each consisting of five white rats. Incised wounds were created on the dorsum of the rats, and the treatment group received topical Aloe vera extract. TNF-α expression was evaluated using immunohistochemical methods on days 3, 7, and 14 post-wounding. The treatment group that received Aloe vera extract showed a significant decrease in TNF-α expression compared to the negative control group on days 7 and 14. Aloe vera extract modulates TNF-α expression in incised wounds of white rats, indicating its potential as a therapeutic agent in wound healing through anti-inflammatory mechanisms
Biomagnification of Mercury Through the Aquatic Food Chain in Lake Lebo Taliwang West Sumbawa
Full text linkLebo Taliwang Lake has been reported to be polluted by mercury compounds. This study aims to determine the occurrence of mercury biomagnification in the food chain in Lebo Lake Taliwang. Samples of water, tilapia, water strider and japan pond heron were taken at two sampling locations: inlet and outlet. Samples were tested for mercury content with a mercury analyzer. The results show that there is mercury accumulation in the Lebo Taliwang Lake ecosystem. The average of each sample was 1.95 in water, 99.5 in tilapia, 79.8 in water srider, and 948.09 and 143 in feathers and blood, respectively. Furthermore, the results of the biomagnification factor (BMF) value show the BMF>1. This means that there is biomagnification of mercury in Lebo Taliwang Lake. The biomagnification value of japan pond heron in feather and blood with nile tilapia is 9.52 and 1.43. Meanwhile, with water stider, the values are 11.87 and 1.81. This study recommends enhanced monitoring and regulation of illegal gold mining (PETI) activities, as well as environmental rehabilitation efforts around Lake Leb
Using tilapia (Oreochromis mosambicus) as a bioindicator to determine mercury (Hg) levels in Lake Taliwang, West Sumbawa Regency 2025
Full text linkMercury (Hg) is one of the most toxic heavy metals commonly found in aquatic environments, especially in areas affected by illegal gold mining. This study aims to determine the concentration of mercury in the flesh of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) from Lake Rawa Taliwang and assess its safety for consumption based on BPOM Regulation No. 9 of 2022. Tilapia samples were purposively collected from two points around the lake and analyzed using a Mercury Analyzer at a detection wavelength of 253.7 nm. The analysis revealed that the mercury content in tilapia flesh was below 0.5 mg/kg, indicating that it remains within the safe consumption threshold for non-predatory fish. These findings demonstrate the potential of tilapia as a bioindicator for mercury pollution and provide relevant material to enrich environmental education, particularly on the impact of heavy metal contamination in aquatic ecosystems and food safety awareness
The Effect of Lemongrass Plant Extract (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle) on The Number of Fruit Flies (Bactrosera sp) Catches
Full text linkFruit flies (Bactrocera sp.) are important pests of horticultural crops because they can cause serious damage and reduce the selling value of the fruit. This study aims to determine the effect of lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus) plant extract on the number of fruit fly catches and to determine the most effective concentration as a natural attractant. The study was conducted experimentally in a crystal guava plantation in Dasan Tapen Village, West Lombok, using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with five treatments of lemongrass extract concentrations (0% - 60%) and three replications. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and continued with the LSD test. The results showed that there were four species of fruit flies caught, namely Bactrocera dorsalis, B. carambolae, B. cucurbitae, and B. papayae, with a total of 671 individuals. The 60% concentration produced the highest number of catches (an average of 69), while the control without attractant did not produce any catches. Statistical analysis showed a significant effect between treatments (p < 0.05). It can be concluded that lemongrass ethanol extract has a significant effect on the number of fruit fly catches, and the highest concentration in this study (60%) is more effective than the concentration below it. The concentration of 60% has the highest capture compared to the concentration below it. The use of lemongrass as a natural attractant has the potential as an alternative to environmentally friendly pest control in an integrated agricultural system
Analysis of The Level of Farmers Welfare in The Sekaroh Jaya Community Forest Sekaroh Village Jerowaru District East Lombok Regency
Full text linkThe management of community forests plays a critical role in enhancing rural livelihoods. This study aims to analyze the income and welfare levels of farmers managing the Sekaroh Jaya Community Forest in Jerowaru District, East Lombok. A descriptive research approach was employed using both primary and secondary data collected through interviews and surveys of 65 randomly selected farmers. Data analysis included calculating net income, total costs, revenues, and comparing welfare status to World Bank poverty thresholds. The findings show that farmers earned an average net income of IDR 13,197,188/LLG/year from forest cultivation, with additional income from side jobs (IDR 1,535,000/year) and working family members (IDR 5,732,653/year), resulting in an average household income of IDR 20,464,841/year. While individual farmer welfare remains low, household-level welfare is categorized as high. These results indicate that household-level contributions significantly uplift overall farmer welfare. The study concludes that improving welfare strategies should not solely target individual income increases but also support household economic activities. These findings contribute to forest policy development and rural livelihood improvement strategies under community-based forest management programs
Indigenous Dairy Product (Palopo): The Potential Utilization as A Carrier for Probiotics in The Development of Functional Foods is A Plausible Prospect
Full text linkPalopo is a traditional food typical of West Sumbawa, West Nusa Tenggara Province, made from pure buffalo milk with a characteristic soft texture with the addition of eggplant (Solanum virgianium L) in the coagulation process. The use of probiotics and microorganisms in the milk fermentation process is part of the development of milk-based functional foods. This study aims to determine the microbiological properties of Palopo added with lactic acid bacteria as a functional food to determine the role and impact of microorganisms on the quality of Palopo. LAB viability data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SAS software. If the treatment had a significant effect, then we continued with Duncan's difference test. The results of analysis of variance showed significant differences in LAB viability in Palopo. The highest number of LAB was found in Palopo, added with Streptococcus thermophilus (ST), with a total of 10,172 Log CFU/ml. Based on Duncan's further test, there was no significant difference in LAB viability in ST against LB and LP. Palopo without the addition of LAB was found to have viable LAB with a total of 2, 623 Log CFU/ml. So that LAB is concluded to be able to significantly improve the quality of Palopo products