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日本語の理由表現・理由疑問表現
Get PDF日本語の理由表現及び理由疑問表現には発話の根拠、実際の理由、名目上の理由という三つのレベルがあり、それぞれの語彙項目によりどのレベルの意味を表せるかが決まっている。また、実際の理由を問う理由疑問表現には「なぜ」類と「どういう理由で」があるが、「なぜ」類がより高い統語的位置を占めるという統語的制約に加え、既定の事態のみを修飾するという意味的制約が存在する
Another Understanding for Japanese Social Mentality on Medicine, which has Grown under an Ideal Medical Insurance System
Get PDFHaving more than 20 years of experience as an independent cardiac surgeon,so far,I have no chance to see any of patients to refuse their surgical treatment because of suffer in poverty. That phenomenon is owing the government-organized insurance system. That system is concluded as the best one among ever made in all kinds and all period of human societies.
In daily circumstances in Japanese medical institute, nobody cares about the cost. For example,to perform heart valve surgery,it will cost more than 30 thousands USD per each patient, to buy an artificial heart valve and disposable unit parts for heart-lung machine. However,patient doesn’t care, doesn’t want to know, nor doesn’t show any interest, neither do doctors nor nursing staff. That phenomenon is never observed in any country on this planet.
Since 1958, all of Japanese citizen are covered by government-organized
insurance system and even in case of cardiac surgery, they may pay a very small amount of money and have a position to receive the first class medical care in view of medical equipment and expendable supplies.
Those environment has created two special attitude for medicine in Japanese social culture.
The first one is, people stop to think “cost”and “efficiency”in medicine, and blindly believe anything should be done in any situation for dying people.
They strongly and distinctively desire any possible treatment, even in a hopeless situation, for high aged and weakened, and nobody talks about efficiency on cost, or possibility that would be sacrificing medical infrastructural resource and human resource.
That kind of thinking is strictly “Taboo”.
The other is, also, people stop to think “quality”of individual medical expertise,ex.Surgeon. All medicine is provided by something governmental,
means formal,sometimes sounds “noble”. This aspect has created a competition-less society of medical practitioners, in which they never discuss about quality of medicine. All doctors are fed by this insurance systems, with definite stability.
Recent financial aspect gives us a lot of pressure to built-up more efficient one because of limited and non-promising budget.
In conclusion, it is the best distinctive character of Japanese society that people never concern “we all are going to another place someday,definitely”.
It can be said “very much immatured”in a meaning
Projektbericht:„Zusammenarbeit im Unterrichtsplan mit der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena“
Get PDFDynamics of Housing Prices
Get PDFThis paper investigates the effects of demographic change on housing price using regional panel data in Japan and the United States including housing bubble periods of 1980s in Japan and 2000s in the U.S. Our results indicate a positive relationship between demographic change and housing price in both Japan and the U.S., while controlling for income effects, interest rate effects, and new residential supply effects. One finding is that the change in housing demand induced by the change in working age population has a positive effect on housing price, while that induced by the change in population of specific ages(i.e. primal house-buying years)was not found to be robustly significant. Thus the results of this paper may not support a hypothesis that there exists a linkage between the housing price changes and the entering of baby boomers into their house-buying years, firstly proposed by a well-known paper Mankiw and Weil (1989)
