Online-Journal STAI Sadra (Sekolah Tinggi Filsafat Islam)
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INTERPRETATION ULUMUL QUR’AN COURSE AS THE FOUNDATION FOR MODERATE UNDERSTANDING OF FEBI IAIN PONTIANAK STUDENTS, WEST KALIMANTAN PROVINCE
Full text linkThis article reveals the existence of the “Ulumul Qur’an” course taught as the foundation for a Moderate Understanding among students of the Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business (FEBI) at the State Islamic Institute (IAIN) in Pontianak, which is located in West Kalimantan Province, a province known for its diversity in terms of ethnicity, traditions, and religions, but coexist peacefully and harmoniously in their daily lives. This article is a form of library research that uncovers the moderate values from the Ulumul Qur’an materials as well as its teaching methods. Therefore, the method used is qualitative research with a descriptive approach, where the data were collected through literature studies or documents discussing this theme, both from books and from recent online articles discussing the Ulumul Qur’an and religious moderation, and directly observed the environment at FEBI IAIN Pontianak, so that the collected data can be verified and revealed with reliable results. The instilling of moderate values towards the students of FEBI IAIN Pontianak is largely derived from the Ulumul Qur’an materials taught by a lecturer, although in delivering the material, the main focus of achievement is the understanding of the materials that have been agreed in the semester Learning Plan (RPS). The materials include Jam‘ al-Qur’ān (collection of the Qur’an), Qirā’ah al-Qur’ān (reading of the Qur’an), Asbāb al-Nuzūl (causes of the revelation of the Qur’an), and materials about the interpreters of the Qur’an, their conditions, and interpretation methods
A THEMATIC STUDY OF PHILOSOPHY SCIENCE AND METHODOLOGY ON ESCHATOLOGY BASED ON THE AL-QUR’AN AND AL-HADITH TEXT
No full textEschatology is the study of things that exist in life after death (akhirah). The law of studying eschatology is mandatory for every Muslim because its substance concerns the fifth pillar of faith, namely faith on judgment day. The concept and implementation of eschatology studies looked simply, but its impact is not small in daily life. Eschatology has lost its existence in modern science because the depth of its meaning has not been adequately revealed through research methodology. This research aims to explore the substance and meaning of eschatology through a philosophy of science and methodology. The common thread between this research and previous research is that eschatology still boils down to evidence that the judgment day and the resurrection day do exist, and Allah is the only God of the universe. The main sources for writing these thematic studies are the Al-Qur’an and Al-Hadith texts. The research method is a qualitative method. The interdisciplinary study of the philosophy of science and methodology involves aspects like axiology, ontology, and epistemology. The result is that the depth of eschatology meaning has been comprehensively revealed
THE PHILOSOPHICAL BASIS OF CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
Full text linkCritical discourse analysis has become an effective multidisciplinary approach to uncovering hidden ideologies and powers along with the changing times and the increasing prevalence of various discourses in society, both in the form of information written in text and distributed in the digital world. Discourse battles are commonplace in the context of life—as a form of dialectics and freedom to convey ideas. Researchers through this article discuss basic assumptions about the basic or main principles of critical discourse analysis developed by Norman Fairclough and Ruth Wodak. The basic assumptions are that critical discourse analysis focuses on social issues, power relations are discursive, discourse shapes society and culture, discourse manages ideological works, discourse is historical, the relationship between text and society is mediated (discourse), discourse analysis is interpretive and explanatory, and discourse is a form of social action. The article also discusses three models of discourse analysis: the Sociocultural (Norman Fairclough), Socio-cognitive (Teun A. van Dijk), and Historical-Discourse (Ruth Wodak) models. Fairclough’s sociocultural model interprets text not only through the way objects are described but also through the relationships between objects that are defined. Meanwhile, Teun A. van Dijk’s socio-cognitive model emphasizes text, social cognition, and social context, forming a chain of analysis. Lastly, Ruth Wodak’s historical-discourse model puts historical aspects of discourse into his analysis.Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, media sosial populer menjadi sarana untuk merespon dan melawan stigma yang melekat pada ibu. Untuk mengkaji bagaimana ibu dan peran keibuan direpresentasikan dalam media sosial, analisis wacana kritis menjadi pendekatan yang efektif untuk mengungkap ideologi dan kekuatan yang tersembunyi. Artikel ini membahas tentang asumsi-asumsi dasar tentang prinsip dasar atau prinsip utama analisis wacana kritis yang dikembangkan oleh Norman Fairclough dan Ruth Wodak. Asumsi dasarnya, analisis wacana kritis berfokus pada isu-isu sosial, relasi kekuasaan yang bersifat diskursif, wacana membentuk masyarakat dan budaya, wacana mengelola karya-karya ideologis, wacana bersifat historis, hubungan antara teks dan masyarakat dimediasi oleh wacana, analisis wacana bersifat interpretatif dan menjadi penjelas, dan wacana adalah bentuk tindakan sosial. Artikel ini juga membahas tiga model analisis wacana kritis, yaitu, model Sosiokultural oleh Norman Fairclough, model Sosio-kognitif oleh Teun A. van Dijk, dan model Wacana-historis oleh Ruth Wodak. Model Sosiokultural menginterpretasikan teks tidak hanya melalui cara objek dideskripsikan tetapi juga melalui hubungan antar objek yang didefinisikan. Sementara itu, model sosio-kognitif menekankan pada teks, kognisi sosial, dan konteks sosial dalam membentuk rantai analisis. Terakhir, model wacana-historis memasukkan aspek-aspek historis wacana ke dalam analisisnya
DAMPAK KILAT TERHADAP PENGLIHATAN MANUSIA PERSPEKTIF AL-QUR’AN DAN SAINS
Full text linkLightning is a natural phenomenon that is both beautiful enough to be seen with the eyes and a threatening natural occurrence at the same time. Various sources define lightning as a very fast light containing an electric current that is then delivered to a cloud or the ground. The transmission of electric current when lightning occurs causes a threat to humans, which is one of these lightning threats as studied in the title of this study. The research method used is qualitative research with the study of the library using a case approach. The analysis used in this study is descriptive analysis. The problem raised is how the impact of lightning on the human eye is seen from the perspective of the Qur’an and science. The result or conclusion was found to be that lightning, from the perspective of the Qur'an, has a variety of meanings, with its very bright ability to blind or eliminate sight when seen by the eye. From a scientific standpoint, lightning can cause red eyes and blurred vision. Which, if not handled properly, can result in permanent blindness
A STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF HUMAN SOUL ON EXTERNAL OBJECTS:: BETWEEN COPENHAGEN SCHOOL AND MULLA ṢADRA
Full text linkThe theory of the effects of all human souls on external objects, from the viewpoint of Copenhagen School (in Quantum Physics), has made physicists deny the existence of two separate realms of the observer and the observed; they claim that causality is meaningless and profess that it is impossible to recognize the object. While, on the other hand, Mulla Ṣadra believes that the effect of soul on external objects is limited to the souls of prophets as well as saints and, barring evil eye or supplications, there is no such effect in others. In this article we argue that, based on Mulla Ṣadra’s teachings and philosophical doctrine, it is actually possible to generalize this effect to other human souls. Consequently, it is impossible to have an accurate recognition of the causes of events if causality is considered meaningless. In addition, it is feasible to have cognition about these causes of events through gnostic intuition
العلم االلهي بالجزئيات: مقاربة ابن سينا وصدر المتألهين نموذجا
Full text linkThe philosophical problems have closed ties with the principle of tawhid. One of them is the problem of ‘divine knowledge’ about the particular matters. This article shows those problems from the approach of Ibn Sīna and Mulla Ṣadra. Ibn Sīna holds that the Divine Essence knows the particular things in a universal form rather than in a particular. That is to say in the form of causality of forms that manifested in the system of existence (wujūd). Mulla Ṣadra on the other hand agrees that the Divine Essence is the forms of everything, without exception. He interprets the knowledge of God to the particular things that exist in the matter without any changing in the Divine knowledge itself, along with the events that turn
THE COMPLEX RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SUFISM AND SHI‘ISM AS REFLECTED IN THE CONCEPT OF WALĀYAH
Full text linkThis paper tries to examine the concept of walāyah in Sufism and Shi’ism. Walāyah is one of the most important principles in both Sufism and Shi’ism, occupying such a fundamental status within the whole structure of their metaphysical doctrines. Walāyah constitutes the idea on the necessary continuation of the spiritual authority of the Prophet Muhammad to particular authorities after the prophet’s death. Drawing from the same religious sources, both parties seem to develop the same concept of what constitutes walāyah and what the characteristics of those who deserve that spiritual authority, although they articulated the concept in different terminologies and functions
NŪR MUḤAMMAD IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE TIJANIYAH TAREKAT
No full textNūr Muḥammad is one of the teachings in Sufism that studies the beginning of the creation of the universe. The Sufis discussed Nūr Muḥammad through God's tajallī (manifestation), and they believed that only Insan Kamil (Perfect Humans) possessed the perfection of His tajallī. This Sufi theory can be comprehended through the dhawqi approach. This research will deal with Nūr Muḥammad's theory of Sufism through the perspective of Tijaniyah Tarekat. The data for this study was obtained through library research utilizing a documentary technique. The collected data will be analyzed using the descriptive analysis method. This study finds that the Tijaniyah Tarekat is a Sufism institution that bases its teachings and practices on the concept of Nūr Muḥammad in the form of ṣalawāt al-fātiḥ and ṣalawāt jawharah al-kamāl. This Tarekat's elucidation of Nūr Muḥammad is also built on and consistent with the explication of authoritative Sufis in Islam's intellectual and spiritual tradition
PLATO’S ETHICAL PHILOSOPHY AND RELEVANCE TO THE CONCEPT OF BIRR AL-WĀLIDAYN IN THE QUR’AN
Full text linkIn Islam, a child is commanded to do good to his parents. Doing good is not only limited to outward attitudes but also to all aspects of attitude, words and deeds—including the inner aspect. This study talks about the relevance of Plato’s ethical philosophy to the concept of filial piety in the Qur’an. The background of the research points to the relationship between parents and children as fundamental in consciously shaping virtuous character. The relationship between teachers and students is like the relationship between children and their parents. Therefore, it is important to apply the attitudes of children towards their parents in the context of the relationship between teachers and their students. This research method uses descriptive analysis obtained through library research, which is obtained through relevant sources, such as books, journals, theses, dissertations, etc. The purpose of this study is of course to find out the relevance between Plato’s ethical philosophy and the concept of birr al-wālidayn in the Qur’an. Therefore, before moving on to discussing the relevance of Plato’s ethical philosophy to the concept of birr al-wālidayn in the Qur’an, the author first explains the meaning and classification of ethics, as well as ethical philosophy in Plato’s thought. The results of this research indicate that Plato’s ethical philosophy and the concept of birr al-wālidayn in the Qur’an, are relevant when denying the bad values that are often entrenched. It lies in the realization of ethical action, as stated only based on the value of goodness alone
THE ROOTS OF MODERN POLITICAL SECULARISM AND ITS CRITIQUE
Full text linkDiscussions about politics and human power, including discussions about the concept of the state, have been a discussion that has been going on since Greek times until the time of the growth of Islamic philosophy. The overemphasis on the power of reason led early modern Western societies to reject religion in all political discourse. At this stage, all views of man, power, the constitution, and the state eventually ceased to be associated with God. On the other hand, especially among Muslims, religion is still connected with discussions of politics and human power. This paper will reveal how secularization in political thought grew and developed through principles such as the state of nature and the social contract. Then, based on the thought of one of the influential Muslim scholars, Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas, the author tries to provide a critique of the views of Western thinkers such as Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and other philosophers, by presenting the concept of the ideal state form derived from the concept of tamaddun formulated by Al-Attas. This research is literature review research using the descriptive method. The findings of this research show that secularization is a product purely born by Western secular thinkers and not taken from any religious teachings, so Western political concepts cannot always be applied, especially in Muslim societies