Online-Journal STAI Sadra (Sekolah Tinggi Filsafat Islam)
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CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHY ON SOCIAL MEDIA: A STUDY OF FAHRUDDIN FAIZ’S YOUTUBE CONTENT
Full text linkYouTube is one of the most visited platforms globally. Its position is second only to Google and has a major role in the dissemination of information on Islamic philosophy. One notable YouTube channel serving as a resource is Fahruddin Faiz at the Ngaji Philosophy channel. This endeavor takes place weekly on Wednesday evenings at the General Sudirman Mosque, Yogyakarta. The recorded sessions are subsequently shared on the MJS and Media Kontji YouTube channels. The focus of this study is on episode 37 on the MJS YouTube or 38 on the Media Koentji, which delves into the Ngaji Philosophy: Pre-Discourse-Islamic Philosophy. The research findings suggest that the YouTube channel of Ngaji Philosophy has significantly impacted the understanding of Islamic philosophy among students in Indonesian Islamic Universities. These results stem from a survey involving 114 students across five Islamic Theology and Philosophy (ITP) study programs in Indonesia. However, there is an inconsistency in defining Islamic philosophy and historical facts. The implication is the blurring of the meaning of Islamic philosophy, which has an impact on the scope and study. The definition used is not by the standards for making definitions, and the definitions conveyed by muslim philosophers. While historically, Faiz’s statement is contradictory and incoherent with the historical works of Islamic philosophy. The approach used in this study is critical analysis and cross-reference techniques. This method functions, first, as complementary data for the explanation and, second, as validation and evidence that Faiz’s definition and explanation are incoherent
THE ISLAMIZATION OF ALFRED ADLER’S CONCEPT OF THE INFERIORITY COMPLEX: INTEGRATING THE ISLAMIC WORLDVIEW INTO MODERN PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY
Full text linkThe concept of the inferiority complex developed by Alfred Adler has been widely applied in contemporary psychology to explain conditions such as depression, anxiety, and personality disorders. However, existing solutions tend to be secular, overlooking the spiritual dimension and relying on partial approaches such as tabula rasa, heredity, or nativism, thereby lacking a holistic perspective. This study aims to explore and Islamize Adler’s concept of the inferiority complex by drawing on Adler’s works, Islamic sources, particularly the Qur’an and Hadith, as well as insights from modern Western psychologists and Muslim scholars. Employing a qualitative methodology with a library research approach, the study analyzes primary and secondary texts to identify secular elements in Adler’s theory and integrate them with Islamic principles. The findings show that while Adler’s concept is useful for understanding human psychology, it is rooted in a secular Western paradigm that emphasizes human autonomy and neglects dependence on God. Using Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas’s framework of Islamization of knowledge, the concept is reconstructed in three stages: De-Westernization (removing secular elements), integration (embedding values such as tawḥīd, fiṭrah, muḥāsabah, tawakkul, shukr, qanā‘ah, and ukhuwah Islāmiyyah), and Islamization (a comprehensive reconstruction aligned with the tawhidic worldview). The resulting framework is holistic, uniting psychological, social, and spiritual dimensions. Within this perspective, the inferiority complex not only addresses mental health but also strengthens faith, cultivates virtuous character, and affirms humanity’s role as God’s vicegerent (khalīfah). Thus, this study contributes to the development of modern Islamic psychology that is both relevant to Muslim communities and oriented toward worldly well-being and eternal happiness
CRITICAL THEORY OF FRANKFURT SCHOOL: APPLICATION IN EDUCATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF ISLAMIC CRITICAL THEORY
Full text linkThe present study aims to provide a comprehensive examination of the Frankfurt School’s Critical Theory, encompassing its historical origins, subsequent development, and the application of its values within educational contexts and the evolution of Islamic Critical Theory. Employing a qualitative research methodology, data for this article were obtained through an extensive review of literature, including books, scholarly journals, and other pertinent documents concerning the Frankfurt School’s Critical Theory. Data analysis was performed using content analysis techniques. The findings indicate that the Frankfurt School’s Critical Theory remains a significant philosophical movement, persisting not only in Western academic discourse but also among Muslim philosophers. Despite its limited familiarity in Indonesia, there is potential for the adaptation of aspects and values of the Frankfurt School’s Critical Theory in the educational process. This adaptation could be achieved through the implementation of critical pedagogy, aimed at fostering understanding and sensitivity to promote change. Additionally, the integration of critical religious education could serve to transform it into critical Islamic religious education, thereby challenging the prevailing stigma that often pits Islam and the West against each other in the educational field. Furthermore, it is imperative to acknowledge the significant opportunity for academics and philosophers to continue developing the concept of Islamic Critical Theory, a field that currently has minimal references. Critical theory has the potential to contribute to the development of Islamic scholarship, as evidenced by the Qur’an’s emphasis on critical thinking in the pursuit of knowledge
IBN SĪNĀ AND IBN RUSHD’S CONCEPTIONS OF THE SOUL IN LIGHT OF ARISTOTLE’S THEORY OF FOUR CAUSES
Full text linkThis article undertakes a comparative study of Ibn Sīnā and Ibn Rushd’s conceptions of the soul through the framework of Aristotle’s four causes: material, formal, efficient, and final. Both thinkers draw deeply from Aristotelian psychology, yet their approaches diverge due to different metaphysical and theological commitments. Ibn Sīnā, shaped by Neoplatonic currents, presents the soul as an immaterial, self-subsistent substance that transcends the body and seeks perfection in union with the Active Intellect. This union is achieved through rational contemplation, ethical purification, and intellectual ascent, granting the soul an independent and eternal telos. By contrast, Ibn Rushd interprets the soul in strict continuity with Aristotle’s naturalism, emphasizing its inseparability from the body as its form and actuality. For him, human perfection is realized not in metaphysical transcendence but in civic virtue, rational engagement, and intellectual cultivation within empirical life. The article applies Aristotle’s four causes to their respective models, exploring the ontological, epistemological, and ethical implications of each framework. It further situates their perspectives within broader debates on consciousness, personhood, and moral responsibility, highlighting the enduring relevance of their insights. The study argues that re-examining these classical Islamic philosophies provides valuable resources for contemporary discussions in the philosophy of mind, ethics, and metaphysics
TAQDĪM AND TA’KHĪR IN THE WORDS RUKŪ‘ AND SUJŪD IN AL-QUR’AN AL-KARIM
Full text linkOne of the beauties of the language of the Qur’an is taqdīm and ta’khīr, where a word is positioned first over another word for certain reasons. Usually, the pair itself is the same word and is often found in verses of the Qur’an, one of which is the words bowing and prostrating. Of the six verses that juxtapose these two words, five were found that positioned the word rukū‘ rather than sujūd, and only one verse put the word sujūd before rukū‘. So this research was made to uncover the secret behind the taqdīm of the words prostrate and ta’khīr the word rukū‘ and vice versa in terms of linguistics, namely balāghah science with its branch, namely ma‘ānī science. Meanwhile, this research is a type of research using library methods that is presented using descriptive analysis. Researchers found that the reason for the taqdīm of the word bowing down in several verses is based on the order of practice and pillars in prayer, for example, in Surah Al-Baqarah verse 125. Meanwhile, the taqdīm of the word bowing down is not because of a mistake; the order is based on the most noble practice according to Allah, namely in Surah Āli ‘Imrān verse 43. Meanwhile, the researcher’s suggestion is for readers to broaden their knowledge related to the rules of lughawiyyah in the Qur’an, especially in taqdīm and ta’khīr, as well as their causes and meanings, so as not to misunderstand and interpret the context of the Qur’an
WHEN TEACHERS ARE DIGITAL: ISLAMIC EDUCATION, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, AND IBN SĪNĀ’S ANXIETY
Full text linkThe development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has brought significant changes to the world of education, including Islamic education in Indonesia. The presence of AI as a digital teaching entity raises concerns about the future of human teachers, especially in terms of character building and the spirituality of students. This study aims to analyze the relevance of the existence of human teachers in the context of Islamic education disrupted by AI, by referring to the concept of wujūd and māhiyyah from Ibn Sīnā’s philosophy. This study uses a qualitative approach through literature study, with primary data in the form of the text of al-Shifā’ by Ibn Sīnā and secondary data from national and international accredited journals. The theory of wujūd and māhiyyah is used as a framework to evaluate the existence of AI as a “teacher”. The results of the study show that AI only has a functional existence without spiritual substance, so it does not qualify as an educational entity from the perspective of Islamic education. Human teachers, according to Ibn Sīnā, have māhiyyah that includes spiritual and moral dimensions that AI does not have. The conclusion of this study confirms that although AI can act as a tool, the role of teachers remains irreplaceable in shaping the souls and characters of students. Therefore, future Islamic education must develop a collaborative model that places AI as a partner, not a substitute for teachers
DECONSTRUCTING ISLAMIC REASONS: ARKOUN’S CRITIQUE AND IBN SINA’S PHILOSOPHY OF THE SOUL
Full text linkAmid ongoing debates on the critical re-evaluation of the Islamic intellectual tradition, this paper directly addresses the need for a deconstructive approach by analyzing Ibn Sīnā’s philosophy of the soul through Mohammed Arkoun’s hermeneutics to expose the power-knowledge nexus in its epistemological foundations. The research pursues three objectives: first, to dissect Ibn Sīnā’s conception of the soul critically; second, to evaluate Arkoun’s critique of religious reason—particularly his concept of l’impensé—in the deconstruction of metaphysical assumptions; and third, to formulate a methodological synthesis that bridges philosophical-textual analysis with ideological critique. Utilizing philosophical-critical hermeneutics, the study proceeds through three stages: a systematic reconstruction of Ibn Sīnā’s arguments, a deconstructive analysis through Arkoun’s lens, and a contextual critique within contemporary discourse. The findings suggest that Ibn Sina’s theory subtly reinforces epistemic hierarchies aligned with the scientific paradigm of his era. Arkoun’s method, while demanding adjustments for dense philosophical texts, proves effective in unsettling inherited intellectual dogmas. As a result, the study proposes a hybrid analytical model that offers both critical depth and constructive engagement with classical Islamic texts. This contributes to rethinking Islamic philosophy in ways relevant to education, intellectual renewal, and interfaith dialogue. The research also points to fertile ground for further inquiry—particularly the application of this hybrid method to other classical thinkers and the expansion of its scope through interdisciplinary integration
A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF QUR’ANIC EXEGESIS: BHINNEKA TUNGGAL IKA (UNITY IN DIVERSITY)
Full text linkThe interpretation of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika (Unity in Diversity) has long been invoked in Indonesia’s religious, national, and cultural discourse. While normatively understood as a call for tolerance and harmony, it has rarely been examined critically through the lenses of Qur’anic exegesis and discourse analysis. This article investigates how the discourse of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika is constructed and deployed within religious texts and broader social narratives, highlighting its implications for power and ideology. Using Critical Discourse Analysis, the study explores how narratives of unity often function less as inclusive engagements with diversity and more as instruments for legitimizing the dominance of majority groups or state authorities. Such interpretations tend to suppress alternative perspectives, particularly those voiced by marginalized communities. The findings indicate that the discourse of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika in tafsir is not neutral or universal but shaped by hegemonic interests and institutional frameworks that privilege uniformity over plurality. The study argues that religious interpretation must move toward a more critical and inclusive hermeneutics—one that not only affirms common values but also recognizes difference as an epistemic and spiritual resource. The broader implication is the necessity of opening tafsir studies to interdisciplinary approaches and dialogical engagement. By doing so, religious discourse can become more just, reflective, and liberating, contributing to a pluralistic public sphere that genuinely honors Indonesia’s foundational principle of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika
FOMO IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE QUR’AN: A THEMATIC STUDY ON PEACE OF MIND AND SIMPLICITY OF LIFE
Full text linkThe phenomenon of FOMO (Fear of Missing Out), or the fear of missing out on certain trends, events, or social experiences, has become a common psychological symptom in the digital age. The constant anxiety to participate in the lives of others as portrayed on social media often causes restlessness, dissatisfaction, and even identity crises. The Qur’an, as a guide for Muslims, provides many verses that can be used as references to overcome such anxiety, especially through the concepts of peace of mind (sakīnah) and simplicity of life (qanā‘ah). This study aims to explore how the Qur’an offers a perspective on FOMO by analyzing verses related to inner peace and simplicity in life, in overcoming FOMO, such as Q.S. Al-Baqarah [2]: 155, Q.S. An-Nisā’ [4]: 32, Q.S. An-Nisā’ [4]: 83, and Q.S. Al-Ḥadīd [57]: 20. This study uses a library research-based method with a thematic (mawḍū‘ī) approach, which organizes and analyzes verses of the Qur’an based on theme. The main sources are the Qur’an and Tafsīr al-Taḥrīr wa al-Tanwīr by Ibn ‘Āshūr (1879–1973), a prominent Tunisian scholar known for his contextual tafsir methodology, supplemented by contemporary psychological studies. The findings show that the Qur’an promotes tranquility through faith in Allah, dependence (tawakkul), contentment (qanā‘ah), and awareness of the temporary nature of worldly life. These teachings provide a spiritual framework for combating FOMO by fostering self-awareness and a deeper meaning of life. Therefore, the values of the Qur’an can be considered a spiritual remedy for modern social anxieties such as FOMO
ISRAELI EMPIRE AND END-TIMES: A STUDY OF “PAX JUDAICA” IN IMRAN HOSEIN'S ISLAMIC ESCHATOLOGY SUFISTIC INTERPRETATION
Full text linkSince the founding of the state of Israel there has been a series of prolonged conflicts between Israel and the surrounding Arab countries, and especially Palestine. The entire global community was shocked by the issue of the bombardment of women and children in Gaza and Rafah. Amid the chaos of the Western subjectivity lobby and the silence of several influential muslim leaders and the UN, the Islamic and non-Islamic world needs to understand the future roots of Israel’s mysterious agenda through ta’wīl and predictive analysis of Islamic Eschatology initiated by Imran Nazar Hosein. This article examines Israel’s agenda by studying the chronological eschatological concept of “Three Paxes” especially “Pax Judaica” using analytical-descriptive methods. In this qualitative research, researchers used library research by collecting data from several references such as main reference books, journals, videos, and others. According to the findings in this article, in Islamic Eschatology; the agenda is three stages starting in Great Britain (Pax Britannica) then in the US (Pax Americana), and moving on to Israel (Pax Judaica) before finally, the Antichrist appears to take over the throne of King Solomon in Jerusalem. Finally, the conclusion of Israel’s agenda from Imran Hosein’s allegorical interpretation is none other than to prepare a false Jesus (al-Dajjāl) after his systems (control of usury and the monetary system, politics, the emergence of Gog and Magog and biggest war) begin to be fulfilled