Malaysian Journal of Applied Sciences (Journal of UniSZA - Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin)
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Knowledge And Awareness Of Breast Cancer And Mammography Among Women In Klang, Selangor.
Get PDFBreast cancer (BC) is considered as one of the most common cancers among women and almost 2.1 million women are diagnosed with it each year around the world. The high mortality rate by breast cancer is mainly because of the late diagnosis of breast cancer which is because of the lack of awareness and knowledge about breast cancer itself and its screening methods among women. The gradually increasing mortality rate can be decreased by early detection of breast cancer. A validated questionnaire was adopted from a similar study that was done in Shah Alam, Selangor. The questionnaire consists of three sections namely sociodemographic status, knowledge about breast cancer and awareness of mammography. Most of the respondents (84.1%) stated that breast cancer is the most common cancer in Malaysia. In terms of risk factors, the majority (96.2%) of the respondents stated that genetic and family history is a risk of breast cancer while only 3.8% of them did not. 15 respondents received knowledge scores of which are less than 8 (very poor), 46 respondents have obtained scores from 8 to 11 (poor), 56 respondents have obtained scores from 12 to 16 (moderate) and 15 respondents have obtained scores from 17 to 20 (good). None of the respondents obtained scores of more than 20 (very good). This study shows that the respondents have very poor to moderate level of breast cancer knowledge. Mammography awareness was acceptable among the respondents as more than half of them knew about it
Application of Remote Sensing on El Niño Extreme Effect in Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI)
Get PDFThe years 1997/1998 and 2015/2016 saw the worst El Niño occurrence in human history. The occurrence of El Niño causes extreme temperature events which are higher than usual, drought and prolonged drought. The incident caused a decline in the ability of plants in carrying out the process of photosynthesis. This causes the carbon dioxide content to be higher than normal. Studies on the effects of El Niño and its degree of strength are still under-studied especially by researchers in the tropics. This study uses remote sensing technology that can provide spatial information. The first step of remote sensing data needs to go through the pre-process before building the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) maps. Next this study will identify the relationship between Oceanic Nino Index (ONI) with Application Remote Sensing in The Study Of El Niño Extreme Effect 1997/1998 and 2015/2016 On Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI)NDWI and NDWI landscape indices. Next will make a comparison, statistical and spatial information space between NDWI and NDVI for each year 1997/1998 and 2015/2016. This study is very important in providing spatial information to those responsible in preparing measures in reducing the impact of El Niño
The Impact of Processing Methods on the Quality of Honey: A Review
Get PDFThe quality of honey are naturally differs depending on its geographical origin and the botanical source of honeydew collected by the bees. These characteristics influence the physical appearance of honey such as its colour lightness and liquid thickness; which then may influence the honey attractiveness to the consumers. The thickness of honey is correlate with its moisture content. The higher the moisture content of honey, the higher the risk of fermentation, thus honey is commonly process before marketed. However, the processing methods may change the nutritional content, original taste and physical characteristics of the honey. This paper reviews the effect of five types of processing methods on the quality of honey; which are the spray-drying process, thermal treatment technique, thermosonication technique, high-pressure processing technique and microwave processing method. Overall, it can be concluded that all processing methods reviewed in this article altered the nutritional quality and physicochemical characteristics of honey. However, the different processing methods may alter the quality of honey differently. This information is very important for consumer to understand the reasons on the variability of honey quality in the market. It also will help the honey industry players to choose the best method in processing their honey and ensuring the best quality of honey can be produce to fulfil the consumers need and satisfaction
Optimization of Lead Base Perovskite Solar Cell with ZnO and CuI as Electron Transport Material and Hole Transport Material Using SCAPS-1D
Get PDFPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) research is substantially drawing attention because of the fast improvement in their power conversion efficiency (PCE), cheapness, possibility to tune the bandgap, low recombination rate, high open circuit voltage, excellent ambipolar charge carrier transport and strong and broad optical absorption. In this research, Zinc oxide as electron transport material (ETM) and copper iodide as hole transport material (HTM) have been optimized using SCAPS-1D simulation software. The thickness, bandgap, of ZnO (ETM) and CuI (HTM) was investigated. Results shows that the thickness and bandgap were found to strongly influence the PCE of perovskite solar cell. ZnO/CuI was found to be a better replacement to TiO2/Cu2O for stability and low degradation rate. It was observed that the maximum efficiency is 22.04%, Voc of 0.84V, JSC of 32.83mA/cm2 and FF of 79.79% was obtained when the thickness of ETM and HTM layer of (CH3NH3PbI3) PSCs which was found to be optimum at 0.2μm for the final optimization
A Narrative Review on Disinfection Tunnel for Covid-19: A Friend or Foe? A Friend or Foe?
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The use of a disinfection tunnel has become increasingly popular to eliminate the Covid-19 on the body particularly during the pandemic, however insufficient attention paid to its effectiveness and safety. We undertake a narrative review on the disinfection tunnel and evaluate their effectiveness and safety. The keyword searches of Medline, EMBASE, PubMed, EBM reviews database and manual searches of Google Scholar and US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) was used. An analysis of the papers reviewed were categorized into three main themes: technical design of disinfection tunnel; effectiveness of disinfectant used; and safety or harmful effect. To date, no relevant specific scientific studies or evidence retrieved about disinfection tunnel for public usage including effectiveness and safety. We found a various designs of disinfection in the market today. It mainly originated from an innovative idea to assist in limiting the spread of Covid-19. However, current available evidence does not support its effectiveness and safety. Although it may lead to a false sense of security, this potential approach appears attractive thus creates an opportunity for further research
Structural Equation Model on Factors Affecting Students Satisfaction towards University Library: A Case Study
Get PDFLibrary in the university is known as the centre of knowledge. University library offers learning support, research requirement and also teaching materials. The objective of this study is to identify the most (and least) factors that contribute to students satisfaction towards university library. A case study on selected respondents consist of 266 undergraduate students was conducted. Their opinion on the library services has been recorded. Questionnaires were distributed to the respondents. Structural Equation Model was developed to display their responses. The finding concluded that online services and collections have significant relationship with the overall satisfaction towards the library, whereas facilities and library staffs do not have significant contribution to the satisfaction. As a suggestion, the library management should improve their service quality by upgrading the online services such as wireless access, library website service, and online book renewal process to mentioned a few, which might be effective in improving the students’ satisfaction towards the library
An Assessment of the Potential, Suitability and Sustainability of the Sand Mining Site in the Kemaman River Basin, Terengganu Using Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler
Get PDFSand mining from the catchment basin for building is a worldwide issue. The increasing demand for sand in the construction industry has led sand suppliers to look for alternative methods by which they can obtain source of sand from the riverbed. Floodplain and river slabs can be used as new sources of sand mining. In Sungai Kemaman, during September until March a high precipitation can cause high flow in river. This high flow can cause riverbank erosion which leads to instability of river. Therefore, river erosion can probably be reduced by identifying the potential area for sand mining. This research was conducted to analyse sand capability on floodplain and riverbed by integrating resistivity method and sediment transport loads using Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP). Resistivity survey is used in determining the availability of potential soil at the study area and the equipment could measure subsurface profile up to 80 meters depth. Meanwhile, ADCP survey is utilized to make river profiler in term of velocity meshes and riverbed depth. The primary data collected was from 20 January 2014 to 19 February 2014. The findings found that the samples trapped in the Helly-Smith grabber were majority of the samples consisted more than 93% of gravel and sand materials and from the resistivity analysis, it is verified that the surrounding materials along the Sungai Kemaman is sandy material and high potential of the sand mining site
In Silico Analysis of Ethanol Binding Activity in Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors
Get PDFEthanol and nicotine are two common substances that are often linked to complications in alcoholic smokers. The high number of the co-consumptions in alcoholic smokers suggested a possible interaction between ethanol and nicotine in the central nervous system and a potential similar mechanism of action. Both ethanol and nicotine are shown to bind with neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), a ligand gated cation channel specifically targeted by the endogenous acetylcholine. Ethanol has a much less specific binding capability to modulate the receptors, however, emerging reports indicates that ethanol can interact with nAChRs both directly and indirectly. This study focuses on the analysis of ethanol binding sites with nAChRs using molecular docking techniques obtained from the Protein Data Bank. The obtained data showed a possible binding site for ethanol in nAChRs, however, upon validation, result is not substantial. Nevertheless, the obtained data should be useful for future reference for the basis of ethanol interactions with the human nAChRs proteins
Eight Element Antenna Array With Reduced Back Lobe Radiation
No full textThe paper presents the improvement in the performance of eight element microstrip antenna array. The overall bandwidth of the proposed microstrip antenna array is equal to 85.74 % as compared to 4.98 % of the conventional antenna array. The proposed microstrip antenna array is producing good reduction in mutual coupling values at the resonant frequency of 5.53 GHz. Moreover, the radiation properties of conventional antenna array are improved with good reduction in power radiated in the undesired direction. The proposed microstrip antenna array is producing a healthy size reduction of 47.19 %. FR-4 glass epoxy substrate is used as dielectric substrate which has a dielectric constant of 4.2 and loss tangent of 0.0245. The microstrip antenna arrays are designed using Mentor Graphics IE3D software
Viability of Osteochilus Hasselti Padjadjaran Strain Against Aeromonas Hydrophila Infection
Get PDFThe purpose of this research is to reveal the viability of the new strain : nilem carp padjadjaran strain that challenged by Aeromonas hydrophila. The treatments are common carp (Cyprinus carpio), nilem carp (Osteochilus hasselti) and nilem carp (O. hasselti) padjadjaran strain that intraperitoneally challenged by A. hydrophila with 108 cfu ml-1. Parameters observed are mortality hours, gross pathological symptoms and haematological profile for 24 hour. Nilem padjadjaran strain mortality reached 100% after 10th hour postchallenge, while common carp and nilem reached 100% mortality in 14th hour postchallenge. Gross pathological symptoms showed reddish lesions, abdominal dropsy and exopthalmia, with first sign of reddish lesions is appeared in nilem padjadjaran strain at 3rd hour postchallenge. Feed responses of all fish are lost in 7th hour postchallenge. Nilem padjadjaran strain has no shock responses in 9th hour postchallenge. Total erythrocyte counts of common carp, nilem and nilem padjadjaran strain before challenged are 2,15 x 106, 2,45 x 106 dan 2,14 x 106 cells mm3-1, after 10th hour postchallenge becomes 1,2 x 106, 1,69 x 106 dan 1,21 x 106 cells mm3 -1. Total leukocyte count of common carp, nilem and nilem padjadjaran strain before challenged are 6,48 x 104, 7,36 x 104 and 6,56 x 104 cells mm3-1, and tend to increase in 3rd and 7th hour postchallenge (8,8 x 104, 9,12 x 104 dan 105 cells mm3-1 and 1,26 x 105, 1,3 x 105, 1,27 x 105 cells mm3-1), but in 10th hour postchallenge the total leukocyte count becomes decreased again (1,24 x 105, 1,26 x 105, 1,18 x 105 cells mm3 -1). Thus, nilem carp padjadjaran strain has no better immune performance than its parents